Download or read book The Palestine Currency Board Its History and Finances written by Howard M. Berlin and published by . This book was released on 2023-03-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The British established the Mauritius Currency Board as the first currency board in 1849 and there have been more than 70 such currency boards since. The concept of the function of a currency board is not well known, as it is often thought of as a nation's central bank. A currency board is an institution that issues currency notes which are convertible on demand at a fixed rate into an anchor currency backed by underlying securities. In effect, the newly issued currency is essentially a copy or clone of the anchor currency. When the British defeated the Ottoman Turks and the armistice signed on October 31, 1918, Palestine, as part of the defeated Ottoman Empire, was administratively governed by the British, first as a military occupation, and then as a civilian Mandate granted them as a Trust by the League of Nations. Prior to 1927, Palestine had no currency that was solely its own, but rather the coins and banknotes of many other countries were used. The currencies were mostly those of Turkey, Egypt, France, Great Brit¬ain, India, Germany, Russia, Austria, and the United States. This book traces the need and development for a native Palestine currency, culminating with the formation of the Palestine Currency Board which administered the Palestine Mandate's new monetary system. Unlike Britain's imperial pound-shilling-pence monetary system, the newly created Palestine pound was a decimal system divided into 1,000 mils and used the British pound sterling as its anchor currency. Established June 15, 1926, the Palestine Currency Board remained in effect for 26 years until it was dissolved on March 31, 1952, nearly four years after the State of Israel was established on May 14, 1948. The foreword is written by Prof. Steve H. Hanke of The Johns Hopkins University, who is an internationally known authority on currency boards and their creation.283 pages52 images

Download or read book The Coins and Banknotes of Palestine Under the British Mandate 1927 1947 written by Howard M. Berlin and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1923 until May 1948, Palestine was under a British Mandate. Beginning in 1927, on the Eve of the tenth anniversary of the Balfour Declaration, Palestine began producing its own money. The coins and banknotes that were legal tender during these two decades are especially interesting both to collectors and historians. A brief history of Palestine up to 1948 and information on the Palestine Currency Board provide background information. Complete numismatic information is then presented for each coin and banknote. Also covered are the mysterious 1927 Holyland Token, counterfeit issues, and vignettes of the religious sites featured on banknotes. Appendices present the text of the British Mandate for Palestine, catalog numbering systems for Palestine coins and banknotes, and a checklist for collectors. (The text does not introduce a new numbering system.) Color and black and white illustrations bring these beautiful pieces of currency, many now rarities, to life.

Download or read book The History of Modern Israel s Money 1917 1967 written by Sylvia Haffner Magnus and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Numismatourist written by Howard M. Berlin and published by . This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Numismatourist is the first book of its kind as a worldwide travel guide for the numismatist. It is also for the numismatist who is traveling, either on vacation or business, and wished to visit those places that are of interest to the hobby or profession. Inside you will find a numismatic travel guide, listing over 175 places in 75 countries open to the public, with almost 100 of these described in detail with pictures that are spread over North, Central, and South America, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and the Oceania-Pacific. The book's foreword is written by Karen M. Lee, Curator, National Numismatic Collection, National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution.

Download or read book Currency Notes of the Palestine Currency Board written by Raphael Dabbah and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Currency Boards in Retrospect and Prospect written by Holger C. Wolf and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employing economic theory, cross-country empirical comparison and case studies, this work analyses the effect of currency boards on inflation, output growth and macroeconomic performance. The case studies come from Argentina, Estonia Lithuania, Bulgaria and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Download or read book The People s Money written by Paola Subacchi and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-22 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the world's major economies boast dominant international currencies. Not so for China. Its renminbi has lagged far behind the pound, the euro, and the dollar in global circulation—and for good reason. China has long privileged economic policies that have fueled development at the expense of the renminbi's growth, and it has become clear that the underpowered currency is threatening China's future. The nation's leaders now face the daunting task of strengthening the currency without losing control of the nation's economy or risking total collapse. How are they approaching this challenge? In The People's Money, Paola Subacchi introduces readers to China's monetary system, mapping its evolution over the past century and, particularly, its transformation since Deng Xiaoping took power in 1978. Subacchi revisits the policies that fostered the country's economic rise while at the same time purposefully creating a currency of little use beyond China's borders. She shows the key to understanding China's economic predicament lies in past and future strategies for the renminbi. The financial turbulence following the global crisis of 2008, coupled with China's ambitions as a global creditor and chief economic power, has forced the nation to reckon with the limited international circulation of the renminbi. Increasing the currency's reach will play a major role in securing China's future.

Download or read book Development Under Adversity written by Ishac Diwan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "War, border closures, violence, and unemployment have hampered the Palestinian economy for over a decade. Despite these obstacles and setbacks, the future outlook is optimistic." Based on the research of the Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute (MAS), the World Bank, and other organizations, 'Development Under Adversity' reviews the development of the Palestinian economy since the 1993 Declaration of Principles. The Palestinian economy has enormous potential. Its general development indicators, including life expectancy, literacy, and child mortality rates, are among the best in the Middle East and North Africa. The book identifies the conditions under which the Palestinian economy can grow. They include trade channels that reduce the economy's reliance on Israel; the creation of a more efficient civil service; more investment-oriented public expenditure; and more resourceful support from NGOs in the delivery of health, education, welfare, and infrastructure services. 'Development Under Adversity' provides historical background, an objective examination of recent economic and political developments, and a comprehensive analysis of the contribution that the donor community can make toward alleviating poverty. Throughout its analysis, the book focuses on the human consequences of economic uncertainty. It studies the social and household costs of border closures, and includes complete chapters about the education and health sectors. The result is a book that will be relevant to a wide range of institutional and private lenders, as well as to anyone with a general interest in the well-being and future of the Palestinian economy.

Download or read book One Currency for Bosnia written by Warren L. Coats and published by Jameson Books (IL). This book was released on 2007 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is both a fascinating personal narrative of the often colorful warriors rebuilding a part of war-torn Yugoslavia, and a detailed inside look at how experts can stabilize a nation's currency and banking system. Written by an American who has led International Monetary Fund advisory missions to the central banks of more than twenty countries, this book, crafted in layman's language - but of immense value to specialists in monetary and foreign policy initiatives - is an account of the behind-the-headlines work American and other economists do to bring peace and prosperity to former failed states.Coats was involved in the creation of the Central Bank of Bosnia from before the Dayton Peace Accords. His "currency board" rules for monetary policy, and the creation of the bank, have resulted in the most successful state institution in the country.Marking the tenth anniversary of the bank, the technical world of economics comes alive as the book unfolds like a mystery novel full of colorful and determined people determined to escape the disaster of a bloody civil war.

Download or read book The History of Money written by Jack Weatherford and published by Crown Currency. This book was released on 2009-09-23 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “If you’re interested in the revolutionary transformation of the meaning and use of money, this is the book to read!”—Charles R. Schwab Cultural anthropologist Jack Weatherford traces our relationship with money, from primitive man’s cowrie shells to the electronic cash card, from the markets of Timbuktu to the New York Stock Exchange. The History of Money explores how money and the myriad forms of exchange have affected humanity, and how they will continue to shape all aspects of our lives—economic, political, and personal. “A fascinating book about the force that makes the world go round—the dollars, pounds, francs, marks, bahts, ringits, kwansas, levs, biplwelles, yuans, quetzales, pa’angas, ngultrums, ouguiyas, and other 200-odd brand names that collectively make up the mysterious thing we call money.”—Los Angeles Times

Download or read book The History of Modern Israel s Money 1917 1967 written by Sylvia Haffner Magnus and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Evolution of Money written by David Orrell and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sharing economy's unique customer-to-company exchange is possible because of the way in which money has evolved. These transactions have not always been as fluid as they are today, and they are likely to become even more fluid. It is therefore critical that we learn to appreciate money's elastic nature as deeply as do Uber, Airbnb, Kickstarter, and other innovators, and that we understand money's transition from hard currencies to cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin if we are to access their cooperative potential. The Evolution of Money illuminates this fascinating reality, focusing on the tension between currency's real and abstract properties and advancing a vital theory of money rooted in this dual exchange. It begins with the debt tablets of Mesopotamia and follows with the development of coin money in ancient Greece and Rome, gold-backed currencies in medieval Europe, and monetary economics in Victorian England. The book ends in the digital era, with the cryptocurrencies and service providers that are making the most of money's virtual side and that suggest a tectonic shift in what we call money. By building this organic time line, The Evolution of Money helps us anticipate money's next, transformative role.

Download or read book The Bank of Israel written by Haim Barkai and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-18 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These two volumes were written on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Bank of Israel. They recount the monetary history of Israel from 1948, when the country was established (and before) to the present day. Volume I retells Israel's monetary history, analyzes the background of the developments mentioned above, and describes the difficulties in regaining monetary control in recent years. This volume also provides an analytical framework to help understand the monetary developments in the inflationary era and in the disinflation process.

Download or read book The Palestine pound and the Israel pound written by Robert David Ottensooser and published by Librairie Droz. This book was released on 1955 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reforming the International Financial System for Development written by Jomo Kwame Sundaram and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-17 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1944 Bretton Woods conference created new institutions for international economic governance. Though flawed, the system led to a golden age in postwar reconstruction, sustained economic growth, job creation, and postcolonial development. Yet financial liberalization since the 1970s has involved deregulation and globalization, which have exacerbated instability, rather than sustained growth. In addition, the failure of Bretton Woods to provide a reserve currency enabled the dollar to fill the void, which has contributed to periodic, massive U.S. trade deficits. Our latest global financial crisis, in which all these weaknesses played a part, underscores how urgently we must reform the international financial system. Prepared for the G24 research program, a consortium of developing countries focused on financial issues, this volume argues that such reforms must be developmental. Chapters review historical trends in global liquidity, financial flows to emerging markets, and the food crisis, identifying the systemic flaws that contributed to the recent downturn. They challenge the effectiveness of recent policy and suggest criteria for regulatory reform, keeping in mind the different circumstances, capacities, and capabilities of various economies. Essays follow ongoing revisions in international banking standards, the improved management of international capital flows, the critical role of the World Trade Organization in liberalizing and globalizing financial services, and the need for international tax cooperation. They also propose new global banking and reserve currency arrangements.

Download or read book IMF Staff Papers written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1952-01-01 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses various foreign payments practices in the United States. Most foreign payments in the United States are, therefore, done along traditional lines in whatever manner. Several nontraditional practices, however, have developed in recent years as the result of trade and payments restrictions established by foreign Governments. The amount and type of exchange sold by the US banks to their customers are limited only, if at all, by regulations abroad or by the banks' own limitations. In making or receiving foreign payments, the US banks deal generally with three types of customers which are, in the order of their importance: exporters and importers, individuals or corporations desiring to make or receive nontrade financial payments, and speculators. Foreign payments for account of individuals are usually small individually however, in the aggregate, they represent an important function of the banks located in the larger cities with a considerable foreign-born population.

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.