Download or read book The Origin of the Galactic 511 KeV Positron Annihilation Emission Morphology written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The origin of the Galactic 511 keV positron annihilation emission morphology.
Download or read book Detection of the 511 KeV Positron Annihilation Line with the Compton Spectrometer and Imager written by Carolyn Kierans and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The signature of positron annihilation, namely the 511~keV $\gamma$-ray line, was first detected coming from the direction of the Galactic center in the 1970's, but the source of Galactic positrons still remains a puzzle. The measured flux of the annihilation corresponds to an intense steady source of positron production, with an annihilation rate of $\sim$10$^{43}$~e$^+$/s. Spatially, the 511~keV intensity is strongest in the Galactic center region, with an additional component that is consistent with the Galactic disk; however, the unique morphology is not well constrained. The Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) is a balloon-borne soft $\gamma$-ray (0.2--5~MeV) telescope designed to perform wide-field imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy, with a goal of furthering our understanding of Galactic positrons. COSI employs a compact Compton telescope design, using 12 cross-strip germanium detectors to track the trajectory of incident photons, where position and energy deposits from Compton interactions allow for a reconstruction of the source sky position and significant background reduction. COSI had a record-breaking 46-day balloon flight from Wanaka, New Zealand, in May--July 2016, and here we report on the detection and analyses of the 511~keV emission from those observations. To isolate the Galactic positron annihilation emission, we have developed a background subtraction technique utilizing the COMPTEL Data Space. With this new method, we find a 7.2~$\sigma$ detection of the 511~\keV line and a broader spatial distribution of the emission than has been previously reported.
Download or read book OSSE Observations of Galactic 511 KeV Positron Annihilation Radiation Initial Phase 1 Results written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (GRO) has performed numerous observations of the galactic plane and galactic center region to measure the distribution of galactic 511 keV positron annihilation radiation and to search for time variability of the emission; the initial 511 keV line fluxes for the observations performed during the first 18 months of the GRO mission are presented. The 511 keV line flux for a typical galactic center observation is (2:5 plus or minus 0:3) x 10(exp -1) gamma sq cm s(exp -1), where the quoted uncertainty represents the 1 sigma statistical uncertainty. No statistically significant time variability of the line flux has been observed; the 3 sigma upper linit to daily variations from the mean is 3 x 10(exp -4) gamma sq cm s(exp -1). The distribution of galactic 511 keV positron annihilation radiation implied by the OSSE observations is discussed and compared with observations by other instruments.
Download or read book Observations of Galactic Positron Annihilation Radiation written by Michael S. Briggs and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Distribution of Galactic 511 KeV Positron Annihilation Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) on NASA's Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory has completed numerous observations of the Galactic plane and Galactic center region. A principle objective of these observations was to measure the distribution of the Galactic positron annihilation radiation. Most of these observations provided positive detections of the narrow 511 keV annihilation line. These data were fitted using several diffuse distribution models representing various populations of progenitor objects. The only model investigated which is not rejected is a two-component distribution consisting of spheroidal and disk components; all other models investigated can be rejected at the> 4:5 sigma confidence level. The size of the spheroidal component is found to be
Download or read book OSSE Observations of Galactic 511 KeV Annihilation Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory has performed several observations of the Galactic plane and Galactic center region to measure the distribution of Galactic 511 keV positron annihilation radiation. Preliminary analysis of data collected during the observation of the Galactic center region over the period July 13[24, 1991, indicates the presence of a 511 keV line and positronium continuum superimposed on a power-law continuum.
Download or read book Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology written by Peter Schneider and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition has been updated and substantially expanded. Starting with the description of our home galaxy, the Milky Way, this cogently written textbook introduces the reader to the astronomy of galaxies, their structure, active galactic nuclei, evolution and large scale distribution in the Universe. After an extensive and thorough introduction to modern observational and theoretical cosmology, the focus turns to the formation of structures and astronomical objects in the early Universe. The basics of classical astronomy and stellar astrophysics needed for extragalactic astronomy are provided in the appendix. While this book has grown out of introductory university courses on astronomy and astrophysics and includes a set of problems and solutions, it will not only benefit undergraduate students and lecturers; thanks to the comprehensive coverage of the field, even graduate students and researchers specializing in related fields will appreciate it as a valuable reference work.
Download or read book Positrons from Supernova and the Origin of the Galactic center Positron annihilation Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emission of positrons from supernova ejecta is dicussed in terms of the galactic-center annihilation radiation. The positrons from the radioactive sequences 56Ni.-->.56Co.-->.56Fe are the most numerous source from supernova. Only type I supernova will allow a significant fraction to escape the expanding ejecta. For a neutron star model of a type I SN a fraction 4 x 10−3 of the escaped positron is enough to create the observed several year fluctuation of the annihilation radiation. The likelihood of this model is discussed in terms of other astrophysical evidence as well as the type I SN light curve.
Download or read book OSSE Observations of Positron Annihilation in the Galactic Plane written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OSSE has measured the galactic longitude distribution of both the 511 keV annihilation line radiation and the three-photon positronium continuum within ~40 degrees of the center. They have similar shapes, with a composite longitude distribution well represented by an ~11 degrees FWHM Gaussian central bulge together with a possible broad disk component comprising as much as 15% of the integral flux between 40 degrees and 320 degrees longitude. Contributions from one or more discrete source(s) at or near the center with total annihilation radiation (line plus continuum) intensities of up to ~4 x 10(exp -4) photons cu cm sec(exp -1) (2 sigma upper limit) are compatible with the observed distribution. The best estimate of the positronium fraction is 0.97 plus or minus 0.03. No evidence for variation in the positronium fraction is observed.
Download or read book Astrophysics with Radioactive Isotopes written by Roland Diehl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dealing with astrophysics derived from the radiation emitted by radioactive atomic nuclei, this book describes the different methods used to measure cosmic radio-isotopes. It demonstrates how this astronomical window has contributed to the understanding of the sources and the chemical evolution of cosmic gas. Reference materials and explanations are included for students in advanced stages of their education. Nuclear reactions in different sites across the universe lead to the production of stable and unstable nuclei. Their abundances can be measured through different methods, allowing to study the various nuclear processes taking place in cosmic environments. Nucleosynthesis is the cosmic formation of new nuclear species, starting from hydrogen and helium resulting from the big bang origins. Stars create and eject synthesized nuclei during their evolution and explosions. Incorporation of the new interstellar composition into next-generation stars characterises the compositional (chemical) evolution of cosmic gas in and between galaxies. Radioactive species have unique messages about how this occurs. Since the first Edition of this book published in 2011 with the title Astronomy with Radioactivities, long-awaited new direct observations of supernova radioactivity have been made and are now addressed in two updated chapters dealing with supernovae. In this second Edition, the advances of recent years beyond one-dimensional treatments of stellar structure and stellar explosions towards 3-dimensional models have been included, and led to significant re-writings in Chapters 3-5. The sections on the Solar System origins have been re-written to account for new insights into the evolution of giant molecular clouds. The chapter on diffuse radioactivities now also includes material measurements of radioactivities in the current solar system, and their interpretations for recent nucleosynthesis activity in our Galaxy. Significant new results on gamma-rays from positron annihilations have been accounted for in that chapter, and led to new links with nucleosynthesis sources as well as interstellar transport processes. A new chapter now provides a description of interstellar processes often called 'chemical evolution', thus linking the creation of new nuclei to their abundance observations in gas and stars. The experimental / instrumental chapters on nuclear reaction measurements, on gamma-ray telescopes, and pre-solar grain laboratories have been updated. Moreover, new windows of astronomy that have been opened up in recent years have been included in the discussions of the multi-messenger approach that broadens the basis for astrophysical insights.
Download or read book Astronomy with Radioactivities written by Roland Diehl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the reader to the field of nuclear astrophysics, i.e. the acquisition and reading of measurements on unstable isotopes in different parts of the universe. The authors explain the role of radioactivities in astrophysics, discuss specific sources of cosmic isotopes and in which special regions they can be observed. More specifically, the authors address stars of different types, stellar explosions which terminate stellar evolutions, and other explosions triggered by mass transfers and instabilities in binary stars. They also address nuclear reactions and transport processes in interstellar space, in the contexts of cosmic rays and of chemical evolution. A special chapter is dedicated to the solar system which even provides material samples. The book also contains a description of key tools which astrophysicists employ in those particular studies and a glossary of key terms in astronomy with radioactivities.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Galactic and Extragalactic Astrophysics written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Positron Annihilation in the Galactic Center written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two separate observations of the .gamma.-ray spectrum originating from the Galactic Center were made by HEAO-3 in the fall of 1979 and in the spring of 1980. The 2.gamma. 511 KeV annihilation line flux decreased by a factor of three over the corresponding six month period, whereas the excess .gamma.-ray continuum below the 511 KeV line, often interpreted as 3.gamma. decay of orthopositronium, barely changed. This apparent discrepancy in the temporal behavior makes it difficult to associate the bulk of the excess continuum with the 3.gamma. decay of positronium. We will show that Compton scattering of the line and high energy radiation provides a natural explanation for the surprisingly small change seen in the excess continuum. 11 refs., 2 figs.
Download or read book Positron Distribution in the Inner Galactic Ridge written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OSSE was used to measure the longitude and latitude distribution of positron annihilation in the inner galactic ridge using differential measurements relative to intensities at latitudes of plus or minus 10 degrees. An improved understanding of the 50 keV to 10 MeV continua has recently permitted accurate determinations of the positronium continuum flux intensities; this provides an - 5 times greater signal than was available in previous analyses which used only the 511 keV annihilation line. Within the statistical precision of the measurements, the line and positronium continuum components show indistinguishable distributions in both latitude and longitude. A differential measurement of their latitude distributions near the center indicates a narrow Gaussian ridge of -4.4 degrees FWHM. The longitude distribution of the ridge intensity differs from other known galactic ridge radiation distributions in that it shows a narrowly peaked maximum around the center. It can be characterized by an -12 degrees FWHM Gaussian central bulge plus a broad disk-like component. The only physical model based on plausibly associated galactic ridge distributions which can fit the observations well in longitude is the predicted galactic nova spheroid distribution, but scaled down by -2/3 from the latitude-integrated model bulge longitude width. The best fit has no additional discrete source or broad-disk components, although small contributions are permitted by the data. Novae are thought to be progenitors of Type I supernovae, probable sources of positrons in the galaxy, so this correlation suggests that Type I supernovae are the primary source of the positrons producing the observed galactic ridge annihilation radiation.
Download or read book Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan written by Nihon Tenmon Gakkai and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
