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Book Papers on the Origin and Distribution of Manganese Nodules in the Pacific and Prospects for Exploration Honolulu Hawaii July 23 24 25 1973

Download or read book Papers on the Origin and Distribution of Manganese Nodules in the Pacific and Prospects for Exploration Honolulu Hawaii July 23 24 25 1973 written by Maury Morgenstein and published by . This book was released on 1973* with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Geochemistry of Manganese and Manganese Nodules in the Ocean

Download or read book The Geochemistry of Manganese and Manganese Nodules in the Ocean written by G.N. Baturin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manganese nodules were first discovered on the ocean floor 160 miles south-west of the Canary Islands on February 18, 1803, during the first complex oceano logical cruise of the Challenger. They surprised researchers by their unusual shape and also by their unusual chemical composition; nevertheless for many years after wards, they were considered merely as one of Nature's exotic marine tricks. After the Secpnd World War, a comprehensive investigation of the World Ocean started, and new data were obtained on a wide distribution of manganese nodules and their polymetallic composition, that made scientists consider nodules as one of the major characteristics of the deep oceanic zone. Recently, meaning since the 1960's, nodules have been recognized as a potential ore source, investigation of which is stimulated by the progressive depletion of land-based mineral resources. Several generations of scientists from various countries have contributed to the problem of exploration of manganese nodules on the ocean floor. Though the problem has been posed, it has not been solved yet because it required, in its turn, a scrutiny of some fundamental aspects such as composition, nature, accretion r'ate of nodules and retrieval of nodule fields. These problems have been discussed in thousands of papers and larger publications; see, in particulare, Mero, 1965; Horn, 1972; Morgenstein, 1973; Bezrukov, 1976; Glasby, 1977; Bischoff and Piper, 1979; Lalou, 1979; Manganese nodules, 1979; Varentsov, 1980; Cronan, 1980; Manganese nodules . . . , 1984, 1986.

Book Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Pacific Manganese Nodule Province

Download or read book Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Pacific Manganese Nodule Province written by James L. Bischoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 839 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep-sea manganese nodules, once an obscure scientific curios ity, have, in the brief span of two decades, become a potential mineral resource of major importance. Nodules that cover the sea floor of the tropical North Pacific may represent a vast ore de posit of manganese, nickel, cobalt, and copper. Modern technology has apparently surmounted the incredible problem of recovering nodules in water depths of 5000 meters and the extraction of metals from the complex chemical nodule matrix is a reality. Both the recovery and the extraction appear to be economically feasible. Exploitation of this resource is, however, hindered more by the lack of an international legal structure allowing for recognition of mining sites and exploitation rights, than by any other factor. Often, when a mineral deposit becomes identified as an ex ploitable resource, scientific study burgeons. Interest in the nature and genesis of the deposit increases and much is learned from large scale exploration. The case is self evident for petrol eum and ore deposits on land. The study of manganese nodules is just now entering this phase. What was the esoteric field of a few scientists has become the subject of active exploration and research by most of the industrialized nations. Unfortunately for our general understanding of manganese nodules, exploration results remain largely proprietary. However, scientific study has greatly increased and the results are becoming widely available.

Book Factors which Control the Distribution of Ferromanganese Nodules and Proposed Research Vessel s Track North Pacific

Download or read book Factors which Control the Distribution of Ferromanganese Nodules and Proposed Research Vessel s Track North Pacific written by David R. Horn and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Marine Mineral Exploration

Download or read book Marine Mineral Exploration written by H. Kunzendorf and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1986-05-01 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past 20 years have seen extensive marine exploration work by the major industrialized countries. Studies have, in part, been concentrated on Pacific manganese nodule occurrences and on massive sulfides on mid-oceanic ridges. An international jurisdictional framework of the sea-bed mineral resources was negotiated by the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III). A most important outcome of this conference was the establishment of an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of at least 200 nautical miles for all coastal states and the recognition of a deep-sea regime. Mineral deposits in EEZ areas are fairly unknown; many areas need detailed mapping and mineral exploration, and the majority of coastal or island states with large EEZ areas have little experience in exploration for marine hard minerals. This book describes the systematic steps in marine mineral exploration. Such exploration requires knowledge of mineral deposits and models of their formation, of geophysical and geochemical exploration methods, and of data evaluation and interpretation methods. These topics are described in detail by an international group of authors. A short description is also given of marine research vessels, evaluation of marine exploration examples; and an overview is provided of the jurisdictional situation after UNCLOS III.

Book Manganese Nodules Dimensions and Perspectives

Download or read book Manganese Nodules Dimensions and Perspectives written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1979 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Papers on the Origin and Distribution of Manganese Modules in the Pacific and Prospects for Exploration Honolulu Hawaii July 23 24 25 1973

Download or read book Papers on the Origin and Distribution of Manganese Modules in the Pacific and Prospects for Exploration Honolulu Hawaii July 23 24 25 1973 written by Maury Morgenstein and published by . This book was released on 1973* with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Circum Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conference

Download or read book Circum Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conference written by United States. Congress. House. Interior and Insular Affairs Committee and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Ocean Manganese Nodules Metal Values and Mining Sites

Download or read book Ocean Manganese Nodules Metal Values and Mining Sites written by David R. Horn and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Circum Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conference

Download or read book Circum Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources Conference written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mines and Mining and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: