Download or read book The Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa OCP written by B. Boatin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa (OCP) started operations in 1975. Its main objectives were to eliminate human onchocerciasis, as a disease of public-health importance and an obstacle to socio-economic development, from the Programme area. By the end of 2002, the OCP covered 11 West African countries, and had introduced large-scale Mectizan (ivermectin) distribution to about 10 million people, through the communitydirected treatment approach, with treatment coverages ranging from 51%-81%. Research on large-scale Mectizan use illustrated the importance of evidence-based results, the power of multicountry studies, the need for social science in community-driven endeavours and operations research, and the value of empowering communities as allies in disease control. The generous donation of Mectizan by Merck & Co., Inc., has increased general interest in health-related public-private partnerships and generated the momentum for other donations to tackle other diseases. The vector control on which the OCP was initially based successfully interrupted the transmission of the parasite causing human onchocerciasis, Onchocerca volvulus, in many areas. The introduction of Mectizan led to the decline in anterior-segment lesions in the eye and the arrest of posterior-segment lesions. The drug continues to be highly effective in morbidity control, although recently there have been reports of sub-optimal responses in some adult O. volvulus, albeit in a few, very small and isolated foci.
Download or read book The Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa written by Ebrahim M. Samba and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of the many factors that have contributed to the striking success of the Onchocerciasis Control Program in West Africa (OCP), a major public health initiative now entering its twenty-first year. Throughout its history, OCP has been distinguished by its large size, the complexity of its operations, the long time frame needed for success, and the degree of commitment required by donors and participating countries alike. The Program has also been distinguished by its explicit aim to eliminate a disease, which has been a major obstacle to socioeconomic development as well as a cause of great disability and suffering. In examining the Program's many successful features, the author, who has directed OCP since late 1980, draws upon extensive personal experience, supported by the results of several external evaluations, to show how international collaboration, careful planning, and well managed field operations can overcome what may seem to be insurmountable obstacles. Throughout this analysis, an effort is made to extract lessons useful in the management of other large public health programs. The book also gives careful attention to managerial principles that will be important when OCP ceases operation and participating countries take over responsibility for the surveillance and management of recrudescence. The book has two parts. Chapters in the first part give a detailed account of the history, structure, operation, and achievements of OCP. Part two, on the management of OCP, explains how sound budgeting, detailed plans, time-limited goals, task-focused training, and careful computation of costs worked to maintain well-organized operations and keep staff motivated and efficient
Download or read book Success in Africa written by Helen Bynum and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2002 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Onchocerciasis is also known as river blindness.
Download or read book Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Epidemiology and Control of Onchocerciasis in West Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thirty years of onchocerciasis control in West Africa written by Laurent Yaméogo and published by IRD Editions. This book was released on 2003 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Onchocerciasis Control Program in West Africa written by Bernhard Liese and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among African health programs, this program to control "riverblindness" is an exceptional recent success story. Here are some lessons from it.
Download or read book Cost benefit Analysis of the Onchocerciasis Control Program OCP written by Aehyung Kim and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cost benefit Analysis of the Onchoceriasis Control Program OCP written by Ae-hy?ng Kim and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation World Bank Technical Paper No. 282. This volume presents a cost-benefit analysis of the Onchocerciasis (Riverblindness) Control Program (OCP) by examining its costs and the measurable economic benefits gained from the successful control of the disease. Widely recognized as one of the most successful disease control programs in the history of development assistance, the OCP projects the elimination of riverblindness throughout an eleven-country subregion of West Africa within the next eight years. This program, which began in the early 1970s, was the World Bank's first major venture into the health field. The Bank asked a large donor community of more than 20 governments and international organizations to make a long-term commitment of more than US$500 million to implement the OCP. This paper documents the benefits in economic terms from the large investment and shows that large-scale, well-conceived health interventions are clearly the business of development. The program improves the health and living environment of the rural population and frees previously oncho-ridden tracts of land for settlement and cultivation.
Download or read book The River Blindness Control Programmes Ocp and Apoc in Africa written by André Rougemont and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa (OCP; 1974 - 2002) was one of the most successful large scale operations ever carried out in the field of vector transmitted diseases. It is also an example to demonstrate that a programme without any medical intervention was able to eradicate a disease, on a scale of several countries. This success was achieved first because of the feasibility of the eradication of the vector, but also because of the very well controlled activities and very precise data collected and processed almost daily as a continuous evaluation process. Moreover, the target being the eradication of flies, the OCP achieved two of the most important goals in the process: reduction of the flies' bites and the transmission of the disease. Flies bites are considered by affected populations (mostly agricultural workers) as the most disturbing aspect of the disease complex even more so than blindness. Unfortunately, after roughly 30 years, there remains a doubt concerning the sustainability of these impressive results. The reason is that all around the OCP area, Simulium blackflies are ever present and since stopping the spraying of insecticides, flies are coming back to reinvade the areas of population settlement. During the first period of reinvasion, the flies are harmful even if non infective because of the disappearance of the disease in man. But African people are travellers, including those infected with O. volvulus. This could be enough to make the flies infective again after a few years. The African Programme of Onchocerciasis Control (APOC; 1995-2010) was implemented in more than 20 countries all around the OCP original area. It was made possible after a drug, ivermectin, became available for public health use. APOC was created with a very different conception of control of river blindness. First, it was based not on the eradication of the vector of the disease, but on a very large scale distribution of ivermectin. The hundreds of millions of tablets needed are provided free of charge to all African countries involved in the programme for an indefinite period of time by the Merck Company Ltd. The authors' opinion is that such a programme raises concerns, the most important being (1) a large scale action based on the good will of a community and weak national health services is not sustainable; (2) the programme is not really evaluated (except through the counting of tablets distributed); (3) it will stop as such in 2010 ; (4) it does not address the flies' nuisance at all which will lead to a lot of other problems, in particular regarding the population's compliance and cooperate with the programme and the national health services' motivation as well; (5) the efficacy of ivermectin at a very late stage of individual infection and disease will lead to partial and very unstable epidemiologic results. The more general point of fighting a vector transmitted disease through the large scale distribution of a drug is also discussed and compared with the situation of schistosomiasis for which a much more effective product than ivermectin for onchocerciasis has been available for decades and which has been effective only with accompanying environmental and behavioural measures.
Download or read book Riverblindness in Africa written by Bruce Benton and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-01 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It provides a template for a broad range of global health efforts and is an excellent example of evolving, increasingly effective approaches to disease control and elimination.
Download or read book Investing to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The presence, or absence, of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) can be seen as a proxy for poverty and for the success of interventions aimed at reducing poverty. Today, coverage of the public-health interventions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) against NTDs may be interpreted as a proxy for universal health coverage and shared prosperity - in short, a proxy for coverage against neglect. As the world's focus shifts from development to sustainable development, from poverty eradication to shared prosperity, and from disease-specific goals to universal health coverage, control of NTDs will assume an important role towards the target of achieving universal health coverage, including individual financial risk protection. Success in overcoming NTDs is a "litmus test" for universal health coverage against NTDs in endemic countries. The first WHO report on NTDs (2010) set the scene by presenting the evidence for how these interventions had produced results. The second report (2013) assessed the progress made in deploying them and detailed the obstacles to their implementation. This third report analyses for the first time the investments needed to achieve the scale up of implementation required to achieve the targets of the WHO Roadmap on NTDs and universal coverage against NTDs. INVESTING TO OVERCOME THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES presents an investment strategy for NTDs and analyses the specific investment case for prevention, control, elimination and eradication of 12 of the 17 NTDs. Such an analysis is justified following the adoption by the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly in 2013 of resolution WHA6612 on neglected tropical diseases, which called for sufficient and predictable funding to achieve the Roadmap's targets and sustain control efforts. The report cautions, however, that it is wise investment and not investment alone that will yield success. The report registers progress and challenges and signals those that lie ahead. Climate change is expected to increase the spread of several vector-borne NTDs, notably dengue, transmission of which is directly influenced by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and climate variability primarily through their effects on the vector. Investments in vector-borne diseases will avoid the potentially catastrophic expenditures associated with their control. The presence of NTDs will thereby signal an early warning system for climate-sensitive diseases. The ultimate goal is to deliver enhanced and equitable interventions to the most marginalized populations in the context of a changing public-health and investment landscape to ensure that all peoples affected by NTDs have an opportunity to lead healthier and wealthier lives."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Neglected Tropical Diseases Sub Saharan Africa written by John Gyapong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-13 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview on the major neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Leishmaniasis, Buruli Ulcer and Schistosomiasis. In well-structured chapters epidemiology and biology of these parasitic diseases will be discussed in detail. Further, diagnostics and therapeutic approaches as well as prevention strategies will be reviewed. The book will be of interest to basic researchers and clinicians engaged in infectious disease, tropical medicine, and parasitology, and a must-have for scientists specialized in the characteristics of the Sub-Saharan region.
Download or read book Twenty Years of Onchocerciasis Control in West Africa written by Organisation mondiale de la santé and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment written by Janine M. H. Selendy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-06 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised and updated second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment offers an interdisciplinary guide to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases. The authors discuss the pathogens, vectors, and their biology, morbidity and mortality that result from a lack of safe water and sanitation. The text also explores the distribution of these diseases and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them. The text includes contributions from authorities from the fields of climate change, epidemiology, environmental health, environmental engineering, global health, medicine, medical anthropology, nutrition, population, and public health. Covers the causes of individual diseases with basic information about the diseases and data on the distribution, prevalence, and incidence as well as interconnected factors such as environmental factors. The authors cover access to and maintenance of clean water, and guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta, and grey water, plus examples of solutions. Written for students, and professionals in infectious disease, public health and medicine, chemical and environmental engineering, and international affairs, the second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment isa comprehensive resource to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases.
Download or read book Ten Years of Onchocerciasis Control in West Africa written by World Health Organization. Onchocerciasis Control Programme and published by . This book was released on 1985* with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Under the Big Tree written by Ellen Agler and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a foreword by Bill Gates, this book fascinates, inspires, and gives readers concrete steps for further engagement.
