Download or read book The Noun in Turkish written by Gerjan van Schaaik and published by Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. This book was released on 2002 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Noun in Turkish. Its Argument Structure and the Compounding Straitjacket is a comprehensive study of the rich system of nominal compounds in Turkish. This language builds compounds in an enormous diversity of forms and shapes, ranging from extremely simple forms to much more complex and at the same time structurally less transparent types of construction. This diversity is not limited to internal complexity as such, but is also determined by the immense variety in the types of complement the head noun of a compound may take. In linguistic theory it is generally assumed that verbs are lexically coded for a number of arguments. It is also believed by some theoreticians that a noun derived through nominalization has one or more inherited arguments. This book shows on both semantic as well as morphological grounds that for Turkish such a stance is untenable, and also that the enormous range of patterns we find in complements can be accounted for in a relatively simple way by assuming that noun phrases, clauses and sentences can be captured by one unifying notion. This leads to the insight that a seemingly wide variety of constructions form one class as a result of the morphological process of compounding, rather than analyzing them syntactically.Furthermore, this study includes a discussion of the questions: why does Turkish have such an extremely productive system of compound formation that virtually knows no limits with respect to both complexity as well as expressibility, and secondly, how does this system relate to theoretical alternatives such as adjectivization?

Download or read book The Function of Word Order in Turkish Grammar written by Eser Ermine Erguvanli and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1984-01-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Turkish written by Aslı Göksel and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete reference guide to modern Turkish grammar, this work presents a full and accessible description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use.

Download or read book A Student Grammar of Turkish written by F. Nihan Ketrez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise introduction to Turkish grammar, designed specifically for English-speaking students and professionals.

Download or read book The Oxford Turkish Grammar written by Gerjan van Schaaik and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a comprehensive grammar of the Turkish language, suitable both for students of the Turkish language and linguistic scholars. Gerjan van Schaaik draws on sound linguistic research and an extensive corpus of real-life data, alongside more than twenty years of feedback from university classrooms, to provide the most complete, up-to-date, and practically useful survey of the Turkish language ever compiled. Following an introduction that provides background information on the Turkic languages and an overview of the linguistic terminology adopted in the volume, the first part of the book explores the fundamentals of Turkish spelling and pronunciation. Parts II and III explore the noun phrase and adjuncts and modifiers, respectively, while Parts IV and V examine the verbal system and sentence structure. These first five parts together represent a valuable overview of the fundamentals of Turkish grammar. Part VI provides an account of the ways in which new words are constructed on the basis of existing material, and constitutes a bridge to the more advanced matter treated in parts VII and VIII, including relative clauses, subordination, embedded clauses, clausal complements and the finer points of the verbal system. The work will be accompanied by a companion website that will provide exercises to accompany each part.

Download or read book Word Order in Turkish written by A. Sumru Özsoy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-20 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of studies on various aspects of word order variation in Turkish. As a head-final, left-branching ‘free’ word order language, Turkish raises a number of significant theory-internal as well as language-particular questions regarding linearization in language. Each of the contributions in the present volume offers a fresh insight into a number of these questions, thus, while expanding our knowledge of the language-particular properties of the word order phenomena, also contribute individually to the theory of linearization in general. Turkish is a configurational language. It licenses constructions in which constituents can occur in non-canonical presubject as well as postverbal positions. Presented within the assumptions of the generative tradition, the discussion and analyses of the various aspects of the linearization facts of the language offer a novel treatment of the issues therein. The authors approach the word order phenomena from a variety of perspectives, ranging from purely syntactic treatments, to accounts as syntax-PF interface or syntax-discourse interface phenomena or as output of base generation.

Download or read book easy Turkish Grammar with answers an innovative way of teaching Turkish written by Halit Demir and published by KAMAN Turkish Series. This book was released on with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: • What is easy Turkish Grammar? easy Turkish Grammar is a self-study reference and practice book for learners who want to study Turkish for the first time but are not sure where to start. It teaches all the grammar and vocabulary they need for speaking and writing in Turkish. Not only does it explain the rules, it also shows how the language works and gives plenty of practice. It can also be used by lower-intermediate learners who want to revise their knowledge of Turkish. • Which Turkish does easy Turkish Grammar teach? It teaches modern standard Turkish, the dialect you read in newspapers and hear on TV channels. • How is easy Turkish Grammar organised? The grammar To help you have a feel for how Turkish works the book starts with a brief introduction about Turkish spelling, pronunciation, word order and parts of speech such as verbs, nouns and adjectives. After the introduction you will study 36 units presented in order of difficulty. First three units, which deal with spelling and pronunciation, come with online audio. Each unit covers one part of grammar explained by making references to English so that you can compare relevant areas of grammar. Areas where you may have difficulty have been treated with particular care and attention. Each topic is illustrated by plenty of real-life examples written by using the equivalents of 2000 basic English words. And each and every example in the book is translated into English. In the book some unique conventions are used for spelling, pronunciation and grammar in order to help with the learning process. Each set of suffixes in Turkish, which might be mind-boggling for speakers of European languages such as English, is highlighted with a different colour throughout the book so that you can easily spot the order and function of every suffix. You can find the colour-legend at the bottom of the pages. Besides grammar, easy Turkish Grammar teaches lots of everyday phrases and expressions so that it may also make a useful handbook for daily Turkish. The exercises As practice makes perfect, the utmost care has been devoted to writing the exercises. At the end of the units you can find an extensive set of exercises. The appendices The appendices include 11 supplementary lessons, which you are referred to while you are studying the units. The key The key includes the answers to all the exercises. Online audio for the answers is also available. The index The index is unique in that the entries include only titles in English so that you can compare relevant areas of grammar. For example, if you want to know how to say must or express obligation in Turkish, all you need to do is refer to these titles. Here you will find information not only about how to say must in Turkish but also how Turkish suffix for must is also used to mean should. Or if you want to add -ness to an adjective or -ship to a noun, you will be referred to the relevant page where you will find that Turkish only has the suffix -lik for both. The bibliography If you buy this book, you can get the title 'Turkish Vobabulary Booster: Word formation in Turkish' by the same author for free. To get your promo code, contact the author after purchase through his website: htttp://www.easyturkishgrammar.com

Download or read book Elementary Turkish written by Lewis Victor Thomas and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 1986-01-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This superb grammar and exercise text, used successfully for years at Princeton University, enable English speaking students--in and out of the classroom to gain a quick and thorough understanding of Modern Turkish. In a carefully arranged sequence of 23 lessons, Lewis V. Thomas, late Professor of Oriental Studies at Princeton, presents thorough coverage that allows the student to begin to use the basic patterns of modern Turkish without time-consuming and expensive private instruction.

Download or read book The Semantics of Nouns written by Zhengdao Ye and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together the latest research on the semantics of nouns in a variety of familiar and less well-documented languages. It offers detailed analyses of individual nouns across a range of conceptual domains, including 'people', 'places', and 'living things', with each analysis fully grounded in a unified methodological framework.

Download or read book The Morphology of Asia Minor Greek written by Angela Ralli and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an unprecedented collection of data from Asia Minor Greek, namely from Cappadocian, Pharasiot, Silliot, Smyrniot, Aivaliot, Bithynian, Pontic, Propontis Tsakonian and the dialect of Adrianoupolis. It offers fresh and original reflections on the study of morphology, dialectology and language contact by examining issues regarding inflection, derivation and compounding, dealt with by Metin Bağrıaçık, Marianna Gkiouleka, Aslı Göksel, Mark Janse, Brian D. Joseph, Petros Karatsareas, Nikos Koutsoukos, Io Manolessou, Theodore Markopoulos, Dimitra Melissaropoulou, Nikos Pantelidis and Angela Ralli. An in-depth investigation of phenomena aims to increase our understanding of language change. They result either from a natural evolution of Asia Minor Greek, or from the interaction between the fusional Greek and the agglutinative Turkish or the semi-analytical Romance.

Download or read book Cambridge Advanced Learner s Dictionary written by Kate Woodford and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.

Download or read book Noun Modifying Clause Constructions in Languages of Eurasia written by Yoshiko Matsumoto and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a cross-linguistic investigation of clausal noun-modifying constructions in genetically varied languages of Eurasia. Contrary to a common premise that, in any language, adnominal clauses that share some features of relative clauses constitute a structurally distinct construction, some languages of Eurasia exhibit a General Noun-Modifying Clause Construction (GNMCC) -- a single construction covering a wide range of semantic relations between the head noun and the clause. Through in-depth examination of naturally-occurring and elicited data from Ainu, languages of the Caucasus (e.g. Ingush, Georgian, Bezhta, Hinuq), Japanese, Korean, Marathi, Nenets, Sino-Tibetan languages (e.g. Cantonese, Mandarin, Rawang), and Turkic languages (e.g. Turkish, Sakha), the chapters discuss whether or not the language in question exhibits a GNMCC and the range of noun modification covered by such a construction. The findings afford us new facts, new theoretical perspectives and the first step toward a more global assessment of the possibilities for GNMCCs.

Download or read book Korean Grammar in Use Beginning English ver written by Lee Kyung-ah (이경아) and published by Darakwon. This book was released on 2021-07-09 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the culmination of educational know-how and systematic grammar organization acquired by the three authors from their experience actually teaching Korean to foreigners in the classroom. In focusing strictly on Korean grammar, this series represents a departure from most current integrated teaching materials, allowing foreign learners to more easily concentrate on grammar in their study of Korean. The authors have included real dialogues and illustrations to make the study of Korean more interesting, especially for those students who have heretofore felt Koran grammar to be difficult. Further, this series equally serves as a general Korean grammar reference that can be used by Korean language instructors both in Korea and abroad who regularly experience the difficulty of teaching Korean grammar first-hand. 도서에 포함된 MP3(CD) 음원은 다락원 홈페이지(www.darakwon.co.kr)에서 무료 다운로드 가능합니다. 이 책은 한국어 교육 현장에서 실제 외국인 학생들에게 한국어를 가르치고 있는 한국어 강사 세 명의 교육 노하우와 체계적인 문법 정리가 집약된 교재이다. 기존의 대다수를 차지하고 있는 통합 교재와는 달리 한국어 문법만을 대상으로 삼아 외국인들이 보다 문법 공부에 집중할 수 있게 하였다. - TOPIK 1~2급의 문법 총정리! 한국의 대학 기관과 학원에서 가르치고 있는 교재의 1~2급에 나오는 문법들을 총망라해 한 눈에 볼 수 있게 하였다. - 의미가 비슷한 문법들의 차이점, 한 눈에 쏙쏙 정리! 의미나 쓰임, 또는 형태가 비슷하거나 혼동되는 문법을 비교해 놓아 문법 공부에 집중하였고, 문법의 나열식 습득을 넘는 통합적인 문법 학습을 목표로 한다. - 한 가지 상황에 대한 다양한 표현 연습! 상황이나 맥락에 따른 문법의 적절한 사용법과 한국어의 관용적 표현, 문화적 맥락 속에서의 이해 등을 도와 학습자들이 보다 자연스러운 한국어를 사용하도록 한다. - 문법을 활용한 실용 만점의 대화 완성! 학습한 문법을 생생한 실용 문장으로 복습한다. 문법을 위한 형식적인 문장이 아닌 일상생활 에서 실제로 사용하는 생활 밀착형 대화문을 통해 좀 더 친밀한 한국어 학습을 돕는다. Contents Preface How to Use This Book Table of Contents ■ Introduction to the Korean Language 1. Korean Sentence Structure 2. Conjugation of Verbs and Adjectives 3. Connecting Sentences 4. Sentence Types 5. Honorific Expressions ■ Getting Ready 01 이다 (to be) 02 있다 (to exist/be, to have) 03 Numbers 04 Dates and Days of the Week 05 Time Unit 1. Tenses 01 Present Tense A/V-(스)ㅂ니다 02 Present Tense A/V-아/어요 03 Past Tense A/V-았/었어요 04 Future Tense V-(으)ㄹ 거예요 ① 05 Progressive Tense V-고 있다 ① 06 Past Perfect Tense A/V-았/었었어요 Unit 2. Negative Expressions 01 Word Negation 02 안 A/V-아/어요 (A/V-지 않아요) 03 못 V-아/어요 (V-지 못해요) Unit 3. Particles 01 N이/가 02 N은/는 03 N을/를 04 N와/과, N(이)랑, N하고 05 N의 06 N에 ① 07 N에 ② 08 N에서 09 N에서 N까지, N부터 N까지 10 N에게/한테 11 N도 12 N만 13 N밖에 14 N(으)로 15 N(이)나 ① 16 N(이)나 ② 17 N쯤 18 N처럼/N같이 19 N보다 20 N마다 Unit 4. Listing and Contrast 01 A/V-고 02 V-거나 03 A/V-지만 04 A/V-(으)ㄴ/는데 ① Unit 5. Time Expressions 01 N 전에, V-기 전에 02 N 후에, V-(으)ㄴ 후에 03 V-고 나서 04 V-아/어서 05 N 때, A/V-(으)ㄹ 때 06 V-(으)면서 07 N 중, V-는 중 08 V-자마자 09 N 동안, V-는 동안 10 V-(으)ㄴ 지 Unit 6. Ability and Possibility 01 V-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 02 V-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다 Unit 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and Prohibition 01 V-(으)세요 02 V-지 마세요 03 A/V-아/어야 되다/하다 04 A/V-아/어도 되다 05 A/V-(으)면 안 되다 06 A/V-지 않아도 되다 (안 A/V-아/어도 되다) Unit 8. Expressions of Hope 01 V-고 싶다 02 A/V-았/었으면 좋겠다 Unit 9. Reasons and Causes 01 A/V-아/어서 ② 02 A/V-(으)니까 ① 03 N 때문에, A/V-기 때문에 Unit 10. Making Requests and Assisting 01 V-아/어 주세요, V-아/어 주시겠어요? 02 V-아/어 줄게요, V-아/어 줄까요? Unit 11. Trying New Things and Experiences 01 V-아/어보다 02 V-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다 Unit 12. Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions 01 V-(으)ㄹ까요? ① 02 V-(으)ㄹ까요? ② 03 V-(으)ㅂ시다 04 V-(으)시겠어요? 05 V-(으)ㄹ래요? ① Unit 13. Intentions and Plans 01 A/V-겠어요 ① 02 V-(으)ㄹ게요 03 V-(으)ㄹ래요 ② Unit 14. Background Information and Explanations 01 A/V-(으)ㄴ/는데 ② 02 V-(으)니까 ② Unit 15. Purpose and Intention 01 V-(으)러 가다/오다 02 V-(으)려고 03 V-(으)려고 하다 04 N을/를 위해(서), V-기 위해(서) 05 V-기로 하다 Unit 16. Conditions and Suppositions 01 A/V-(으)면 02 V-(으)려면 03 A/V-아/어도 Unit 17. Conjecture 01 A/V-겠어요 ② 02 A/V-(으)ㄹ 거예요 ② 03 A/V-(으)ㄹ까요? ③ 04 A/V-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다 Unit 18. Changes in Parts of Speech 01 관형형 -(으)ㄴ/-는/-(으)ㄹ N 02 A/V-기 03 A-게 04 A-아/어하다 Unit 19. Expressions of State 01 V-고 있다 ② 02 V-아/어 있다 03 A-아/어지다 04 V-게 되다 Unit 20. Confirming Information 01 A/V-(으)ㄴ/는지 02 V-는 데 걸리다/들다 03 A/V-지요? Unit 21. Discovery and Surprise 01 A/V-군요/는군요 02 A/V-네요 Unit 22. Additional Endings 01 A-(으)ㄴ가요?, V-나요? 02 A/V-(으)ㄴ/는데요 Unit 23. Quotations 01 Direct Quotations 02 Indirect Quotations 03 Indirect Quotation Contracted Forms Unit 24. Irregular Conjugations 01 ‘ㅡ’ 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation) 02 ‘ㄹ’ 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation) 03 ‘ㅂ’ 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation) 04 ‘ㄷ’ 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation) 05 ‘르’ 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation) 06 ‘ㅎ’ 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation) 07 ‘ㅅ’ 불규칙 (Irregular Conjugation) ■ Appendix Good Things to Know Answer Key Grammar Explanations in Use Korean Grammar Ind

Download or read book 500 TURKISH WORDS IN CONTEXT written by Halit Demir and published by KAMAN Turkish Series. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 500 Turkish Words in Context provides the most common Turkish words and suffixes for A1 and A2 learners of Turkish. In 500 Turkish Words in Context you will find four sets of words in this order: 1-150 150 nouns 151-300 150 adjectives 300-450 150 verbs 450-500 50 adverbs, pronouns, postpositions, conjunctions, question words, and suffixes Each set includes brief grammar tips and useful patterns. Each word is exemplified in at least one sentence and each example sentence is composed – to a great extent – of the preceding words on the list. So, the carefully structured list enables you to recycle the words you have already studied. Some of the 500 headwords include further meaning relationships. For example, the headword renk (colour) covers the names of colours and giysi (clothes) covers some items of clothing and footwear. In a similar way, the headword başarmak (to succeed) lists other words from the same root such as başarı (success), başarılı (successful) and başarısız (unsuccessful). So, the number of words you can see in the index is well above 2000. You can practise all words by taking online quizzes and download the audios (4.11 hours) of all the words and example sentences in the book. You can find all the links in the book. 500 Turkish Words in Context also includes: ✓ the most common everyday expressions and pleasantries. ✓ a 500-word glossary of English and Turkish words with the same origin. All you need to do to add these words to your vocabulary is to see and hear them once. You will never forget them. ✓ an index providing easy access to the words and examples. How much can this word list help to improve your Turkish? In a nutshell, a lot. This core vocabulary covers a great part of any conversation or text in Turkish you will be involved in and provides a sound linguistic foundation to build upon. Personally, I have benefitted tremendously from such a list as a learner of Spanish. After mastering Spanish core vocabulary, I can enjoy Netflix shows and films dubbed in Spanish with the help from Spanish subtitles. I can understand podcasts at A2 level and even daily newspapers to a great extent. My next challenge is to speak the language in real settings. But I have already built enough confidence to hold daily conversations in a variety of settings and survive in a Spanish speaking country. If you buy this book, you can get the title 'Turkish Vobabulary Booster: Word formation in Turkish' by the same author for free. To get your promo code, contact the author after purchase through his website: htttp://www.easyturkishgrammar.com

Download or read book Turkish in Three Months written by Bengisu Rona and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Turkish Natural Language Processing written by Kemal Oflazer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-20 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together work on Turkish natural language and speech processing over the last 25 years, covering numerous fundamental tasks ranging from morphological processing and language modeling, to full-fledged deep parsing and machine translation, as well as computational resources developed along the way to enable most of this work. Owing to its complex morphology and free constituent order, Turkish has proved to be a fascinating language for natural language and speech processing research and applications. After an overview of the aspects of Turkish that make it challenging for natural language and speech processing tasks, this book discusses in detail the main tasks and applications of Turkish natural language and speech processing. A compendium of the work on Turkish natural language and speech processing, it is a valuable reference for new researchers considering computational work on Turkish, as well as a one-stop resource for commercial and research institutions planning to develop applications for Turkish. It also serves as a blueprint for similar work on other Turkic languages such as Azeri, Turkmen and Uzbek.

Download or read book Second Language Acquisition of Turkish written by Ayşe Gürel and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-05-25 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the findings of current studies on the second language (L2) acquisition of Turkish, an Altaic language with more than 140 million native speakers around the world. There is now a growing interest in learning and teaching Turkish as an L2, both in and outside Turkey. Coordinated efforts to produce theoretical and empirical work on the acquisition and teaching of L2 Turkish are therefore an urgent need. The compilation in this volume offers eleven L2 studies that explore the representation and/or processing of various linguistic properties in different domains of grammar (phonology, morpho-syntax, pragmatics) and their interfaces. All studies involve adult L2 Turkish learners with various first-language backgrounds at different proficiency levels. With extensive discussions on theoretical and pedagogical issues, this title will appeal to an international readership that includes L2 Turkish researchers, materials designers, and teachers.