Download or read book Indian Treaty making Policy in the United States and Canada 1867 1877 written by Jill St. Germain and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indian Treaty-Making Policy in the United States and Canada, 1867?1877 is a comparison of United States and Canadian Indian policies with emphasis on the reasons these governments embarked on treaty-making ventures in the 1860s and 1870s, how they conducted those negotiations, and their results. Jill St. Germain challenges assertions made by the Canadian government in 1877 of the superiority and distinctiveness of Canada?s Indian policy compared to that of the United States. ø Indian treaties were the primary instruments of Indian relations in both British North America and the United States starting in the eighteenth century. At Medicine Lodge Creek in 1867 and at Fort Laramie in 1868, the United States concluded a series of important treaties with the Sioux, Cheyennes, Kiowas, and Comanches, while Canada negotiated the seven Numbered Treaties between 1871 and 1877 with the Crees, Ojibwas, and Blackfoot. ø St. Germain explores the common roots of Indian policy in the two nations and charts the divergences in the application of the reserve and ?civilization? policies that both governments embedded in treaties as a way to address the ?Indian problem? in the West. Though Canadian Indian policies are often cited as a model that the United States should have followed, St. Germain shows that these policies have sometimes been as dismal and fraught with misunderstanding as those enacted by the United States.

Download or read book Hunger Horses and Government Men written by Shelley A. M. Gavigan and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars often accept without question that the Indian Act (1876) criminalized First Nations. Drawing on court files, police and penitentiary records, and newspaper accounts from the Saskatchewan region of the North-West Territories between 1870 and 1905, Shelley Gavigan argues that the notion of criminalization captures neither the complexities of Aboriginal participation in the criminal courts nor the significance of the Indian Act as a form of law. This illuminating book paints a vivid portrait of Aboriginal defendants, witnesses, and informants whose encounters with the criminal law and the Indian Act included both the mediation and the enforcement of relations of inequality.

Download or read book Policing the Great Plains written by Andrew R. Graybill and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late nineteenth century, the Texas Rangers and Canada?s North-West Mounted Police were formed to bring the resource-rich hinterlands at either end of the Great Plains under governmental control. Native and rural peoples often found themselves squarely in the path of this westward expansion and the law enforcement agents that led the way. Though separated by nearly two thousand miles, the Rangers and Mounties performed nearly identical functions, including subjugating Indigenous groups; dispossessing peoples of mixed ancestry; defending the property of big cattlemen; and policing industrial disputes. Yet the means by which the two forces achieved these ends sharply diverged;øwhile the Rangers often relied on violence, the Mounties usually exercised restraint, a fact that highlights some of the fundamental differences between the U.S. and Canadian Wests. Policing the Great Plains presents the first comparative history of the two most famous constabularies in the world.

Download or read book Liberalism Surveillance and Resistance written by Keith Douglas Smith and published by Athabasca University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Canada is regularly presented as a country where liberalism has ensured freedom and equality for all. Yet as Canada expanded westward and colonized First Nations territories, liberalism did not operate to advance freedom or equality for Indigenous people or protect their property. In reality it had a markedly debilitating effect on virtually every aspect of their lives. This book explores the operation of exclusionary liberalism between 1877 and 1927 in southern Alberta and the southern interior of British Columbia. In order to facilitate and justify liberal colonial expansion, Canada relied extensively on surveillance, which operated to exclude and reform Indigenous people. By persisting in Anglo-Canadian liberal capitalist values, structures, and interests as normal, natural, and beyond reproach, it worked to exclude or restructure the economic, political, social, and spiritual tenets of Indigenous cultures. Further surveillance identified which previously reserved lands, established on fragments of First Nations territory, could be further reduced by a variety of dubious means. While none of this preceded unchallenged, surveillance served as well to mitigate against, even if it could never completely neutralize, opposition.

Download or read book Severing the Ties that Bind written by Katherine Pettipas and published by Univ. of Manitoba Press. This book was released on 1994-10-28 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religious ceremonies were an inseparable part of Aboriginal traditional life, reinforcing social, economic, and political values. However, missionaries and government officials with ethnocentric attitudes of cultural superiority decreed that Native dances and ceremonies were immoral or un-Christian and an impediment to the integration of the Native population into Canadian society. Beginning in 1885, the Department of Indian Affairs implemented a series of amendments to the Canadian Indian Act, designed to eliminate traditional forms of religious expression and customs, such as the Sun Dance, the Midewiwin, the Sweat Lodge, and giveaway ceremonies.However, the amendments were only partially effective. Aboriginal resistance to the laws took many forms; community leaders challenged the legitimacy of the terms and the manner in which the regulations were implemented, and they altered their ceremonies, the times and locations, the practices, in an attempt both to avoid detection and to placate the agents who enforced the law.Katherine Pettipas views the amendments as part of official support for the destruction of indigenous cultural systems. She presents a critical analysis of the administrative policies and considers the effects of government suppression of traditional religious activities on the whole spectrum of Aboriginal life, focussing on the experiences of the Plains Cree from the mid-1880s to 1951, when the regulations pertaining to religious practices were removed from the Act. She shows how the destructive effects of the legislation are still felt in Aboriginal communities today, and offers insight into current issues of Aboriginal spirituality, including access to and use of religious objects held in museum repositories, protection of sacred lands and sites, and the right to indigenous religious practices in prison.

Download or read book Colour Coded written by Constance Backhouse and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1999-11-20 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically Canadians have considered themselves to be more or less free of racial prejudice. Although this conception has been challenged in recent years, it has not been completely dispelled. In Colour-Coded, Constance Backhouse illustrates the tenacious hold that white supremacy had on our legal system in the first half of this century, and underscores the damaging legacy of inequality that continues today. Backhouse presents detailed narratives of six court cases, each giving evidence of blatant racism created and enforced through law. The cases focus on Aboriginal, Inuit, Chinese-Canadian, and African-Canadian individuals, taking us from the criminal prosecution of traditional Aboriginal dance to the trial of members of the 'Ku Klux Klan of Kanada.' From thousands of possibilities, Backhouse has selected studies that constitute central moments in the legal history of race in Canada. Her selection also considers a wide range of legal forums, including administrative rulings by municipal councils, criminal trials before police magistrates, and criminal and civil cases heard by the highest courts in the provinces and by the Supreme Court of Canada. The extensive and detailed documentation presented here leaves no doubt that the Canadian legal system played a dominant role in creating and preserving racial discrimination. A central message of this book is that racism is deeply embedded in Canadian history despite Canada's reputation as a raceless society. Winner of the Joseph Brant Award, presented by the Ontario Historical Society

Download or read book Views from Fort Battleford written by Walter Hildebrandt and published by University of Regina Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The myth of the Mounties as neutral arbiters between Aboriginal peoples and incoming settlers remains a cornerstone of the western Canadian narrative of a peaceful frontier experience that differs dramatically from its American equivalent. Walter Hildebrandt eviscerates this myth, placing the NWMP and early settlement in an international framework of imperialist plunder and the imposition of colonialist ideology. Fort Battleford, as an architectural endeavour, and as a Euro-Canadian settlement, oozed British and central Canadian values. The Mounties, like the Ottawa government that paid their salaries, "were in the West to assure that a new cultural template of social behaviour would replace the one they found." The newcomers were blind to the cultural values and material achievements of the millenia-long residents of the North-West. Unlike their fur trade predecessors, the settler state had little need to respect or accommodate Aboriginal people. Following policies that resulted in starvation for Natives, the colonizers then responded brutally to the uprising of some of the oppressed in 1885. Hildebrandt's ability to view these events from the indigenous viewpoint places the Mounties, the Canadian state, and the regional settlement experience in an entirely different spotlight.

Download or read book The Mounted Police and Prairie Society 1873 1919 written by University of Regina. Canadian Plains Research Center and published by University of Regina Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays presents a variety of scholarly explorations of the nature and role of the Mounties in the Prairie Provinces from the formation of the North West Mounted Police in 1873-74 to its transformation into the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in 1919-20. The essays are grouped into five broad themes: relations with First Nations; law enforcement; social issues, including relations with minority groups and labour movements; characteristics of the police force; and crisis and change (police-immigrant relations, response to labour unrest, and the origins of domestic intelligence and counter-subversion). An epilogue presents the case for the dramatic change of the force after 1919-20 and the new force's use of the positive image created by the old force.

Download or read book Lost Harvests written by Sarah A. Carter and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1990-10-01 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite repeated requests for assistance from Plains Indians, the Canadian government provided very little help between 1874 and 1885, and what little they did give proved useless. Although drought, frost, and other natural phenomena contributed to the failure of early efforts, reserve farmers were determined to create an economy based on agriculture and to become independent of government regulations and the need for assistance. Officials in Ottawa, however, attributed setbacks not to economic or climatic conditions but to the Indians' character and traditions which, they claimed, made the Indians unsuited to agriculture. In the decade following 1885 government policies made farming virtually impossible for the Plains Indians. They were expected to subsist on one or two acres and were denied access to any improvements in technology: farmers had to sow seed by hand, harvest with scythes, and thresh with flails. After the turn of the century, the government encouraged land surrenders in order to make good agricultural land available to non-Indian settlers. This destroyed any chance the Plains Indians had of making agriculture a stable economic base. Through an examination of the relevant published literature and of archival sources in Ottawa, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, Carter provides the first in-depth study of government policy, Indian responses, and the socio-economic condition of the reserve communities on the prairies in the post-treaty era.

Download or read book Capturing Women written by Sarah Carter and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1997 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A study of popular representations of women and the creation of hierarchies of race and gender in the Canadian Prairies in the late 1800s, Capturing Women fits into a growing body of literature on the question of women, race, and imperialism. Sarah Carter argues that images of Native and European women were created and manipulated to establish boundaries between Native peoples and white settlers and to justify repressive measures against the Native population." --

Download or read book White Man s Law written by Sidney L. Harring and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this sweeping re-investigation of Canadian legal history, Harring shows that Canada has historically dispossessed Aboriginal peoples of even the most basic civil rights.

Download or read book The RCMP Its Horses Its Riders written by Royal Canadian Mounted Police and published by Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Public Relations Branch. This book was released on 1982 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Canada s Age of Industry 1849 1896 written by Michael S. Cross and published by McClelland & Stewart. This book was released on 1982 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Trying Time written by Jim Wallace and published by Bunker to Bunker Pub.. This book was released on 1998 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Prairie West Historical Readings written by R. Douglas Francis and published by University of Alberta. This book was released on 1992 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 35 readings on Canadian prairie history includes overview interpretation and current research on topics such as the fur trade, native peoples, ethnic groups, status of women, urban and rural society, the Great Depression and literature and art.

Download or read book Doctoral Research on Canada and Canadians 1884 1983 written by Jesse John Dossick and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1986 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ethnographic Bibliography of North America 4th Edition Citations written by M. Marlene Martin and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: