Download or read book The North Caucasus Barrier written by Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov and published by C. HURST & CO. PUBLISHERS. This book was released on 1992 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look at why the North Caucasus remains the least sovietized and secure part of the USSR, even though the Russian drive to these parts began in the 16th century. The author focuses on the domestic factor - resistance to conquest and uprisings in the North Caucasus and Central Asia.
Download or read book Interdisciplinary Analysis of the Cemetery kudachurt 14 written by Katharina Fuchs and published by . This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides detailed disciplinary and interdisciplinary insights into social inequality, oral health and dietary strategies of a Bronze Age population buried in the North Caucasian foothills, 2200-1650 BCE.
Download or read book The Archaeology of the Caucasus written by Antonio Sagona and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conspectus brings together in an accessible and systematic manner a dizzy array of archaeological cultures situated between several worlds.
Download or read book Dariali The Caspian Gates in the Caucasus from Antiquity to the Age of the Huns and the Middle Ages written by Eberhard Sauer and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Huns, invading through Dariali Gorge on the modern-day border between Russia and Georgia in AD 395 and 515, spread terror across the late antique world. Was this the prelude to the apocalypse? Prophecies foresaw a future Hunnic onslaught, via the same mountain pass, bringing about the end of the world. Humanity’s fate depended on a gated barrier deep in Europe’s highest and most forbidding mountain chain. Centuries before the emergence of such apocalyptic beliefs, the gorge had reached world fame. It was the target of a planned military expedition by the Emperor Nero. Chained to the dramatic sheer cliffs, framing the narrow passage, the mythical fire-thief Prometheus suffered severe punishment, his liver devoured by an eagle. It was known under multiple names, most commonly the Caspian or Alan Gates. Featuring in the works of literary giants, no other mountain pass in the ancient and medieval world matches Dariali’s fame. Yet little was known about the materiality of this mythical place. A team of archaeologists has now shed much new light on the major gorge-blocking fort and a barrier wall on a steep rocky ridge further north. The walls still standing today were built around the time of the first major Hunnic invasion in the late fourth century – when the Caucasus defenses feature increasingly prominently in negotiations between the Great Powers of Persia and Rome. In its endeavor to strongly fortify the strategic mountain pass through the Central Caucasus, the workforce erased most traces of earlier occupation. The Persian-built bastion saw heavy occupation for 600 years. Its multi-faith medieval garrison controlled Trans-Caucasian traffic. Everyday objects and human remains reveal harsh living conditions and close connections to the Muslim South, as well as the steppe world of the north. The Caspian Gates explains how a highly strategic rock has played a pivotal role in world history from Classical Antiquity into the twentieth century.
Download or read book The North Caucasus Barrier written by Marie Bennigsen Broxup and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hidden Genocides written by Alexander Laban Hinton and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are some genocides prominently remembered while others are ignored, hidden, or denied? Consider the Turkish campaign denying the Armenian genocide, followed by the Armenian movement to recognize the violence. Similar movements are building to acknowledge other genocides that have long remained out of sight in the media, such as those against the Circassians, Greeks, Assyrians, the indigenous peoples in the Americas and Australia, and the violence that was the precursor to and the aftermath of the Holocaust. The contributors to this collection look at these cases and others from a variety of perspectives. These essays cover the extent to which our biases, our ways of knowing, our patterns of definition, our assumptions about truth, and our processes of remembering and forgetting as well as the characteristics of generational transmission, the structures of power and state ideology, and diaspora have played a role in hiding some events and not others. Noteworthy among the collection’s coverage is whether the trade in African slaves was a form of genocide and a discussion not only of Hutus brutalizing Tutsi victims in Rwanda, but of the execution of moderate Hutus as well. Hidden Genocides is a significant contribution in terms of both descriptive narratives and interpretations to the emerging subfield of critical genocide studies. Contributors: Daniel Feierstein, Donna-Lee Frieze, Krista Hegburg, Alexander Laban Hinton, Adam Jones, A. Dirk Moses, Chris M. Nunpa, Walter Richmond, Hannibal Travis, and Elisa von Joeden-Forgey
Download or read book Sufism and Politics written by Paul L. Heck and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sufism is often overlooked when it comes to scholarly consideration of the politics of the Muslim world. This is partly due to the difficulty of defining Sufism, which is both spiritual outlook and social institution. Both aspects, however, have been important factors in the variegated involvement of Sufism in the politics of Muslim society, past and present alike. The articles comprising this volume aim to consolidate thinking about the political dimension of Sufism across culture and history and to offer new horizons for scholarly reflection on the socio-political role played by Sufism in both pre-modern and modern Muslim society. Sufism has been an active player in defining the societal nature of Islam, no less than its theological nature, and this volume underscores the way in which Sufism has played that role while adapting itself to changing political conditions. -- Back cover.
Download or read book Eastward to Tartary written by Robert D. Kaplan and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2014-11-12 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eastward to Tartary, Robert Kaplan's first book to focus on a single region since his bestselling Balkan Ghosts, introduces readers to an explosive and little-known part of the world destined to become a tinderbox of the future. Kaplan takes us on a spellbinding journey into the heart of a volatile region, stretching from Hungary and Romania to the far shores of the oil-rich Caspian Sea. Through dramatic stories of unforgettable characters, Kaplan illuminates the tragic history of this unstable area that he describes as the new fault line between East and West. He ventures from Turkey, Syria, and Israel to the turbulent countries of the Caucasus, from the newly rich city of Baku to the deserts of Turkmenistan and the killing fields of Armenia. The result is must reading for anyone concerned about the state of our world in the decades to come.
Download or read book The Caucasus Under Soviet Rule written by Alex Marshall and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Caucasus is a strategically and economically important region in contemporary global affairs. Western interest in the Caucasus has grown rapidly since 1991, fuelled by the admixture of oil politics, great power rivalry, ethnic separatism and terrorism that characterizes the region. However, until now there has been little understanding of how these issues came to assume the importance they have today. This book argues that understanding the Soviet legacy in the region is critical to analysing both the new states of the Transcaucasus and the autonomous territories of the North Caucasus. It examines the impact of Soviet rule on the Caucasus, focusing in particular on the period from 1917 to 1955. Important questions covered include how the Soviet Union created ‘nations’ out of the diverse peoples of the North Caucasus; the true nature of the 1917 revolution; the role and effects of forced migration in the region; how over time the constituent nationalities of the region came to re-define themselves; and how Islamic radicalism came to assume the importance it continues to hold today. A cauldron of war, revolution, and foreign interventions - from the British and Ottoman Turks to the oil-hungry armies of Hitler’s Third Reich - the Caucasus and the policies and actors it produced (not least Stalin, Sergo Ordzhonikidze and Anastas Mikoyan) both shaped the Soviet experiment in the twentieth century and appear set to continue to shape the geopolitics of the twenty-first. Making unprecedented use of memoirs, archives and published sources, this book is an invaluable aid for scholars, political analysts and journalists alike to understanding one of the most important borderlands of the modern world.
Download or read book The North Caucasus Minorities at a Crossroads written by Helen Liesl Krag and published by Minority Rights Group. This book was released on 1994-12-14 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North Caucasus region stretches along the high peaks of the Caucasian mountains from the shores of the Black Sea in the north west to the coast of the Caspian Sea in the south east. For centuries it has represented the literal and symbolic frontier between Europe and Asia. Today the region forms part of the Russian Federation, bordering Georgia and Azerbaijan. Following the breakup of the USSR, the North Caucasus has become a border region of renewed geopolitical interest.This is one of Europe’s most ethnically diverse regions, and is home to over 40 distinct ethnic groups. As the peoples of the North Caucasus seek to redefine their identities in the current political arrangements, a multitude of latent and manifest conflicts have emerged. In The North Caucasus: Minorities at a Crossroads, Dr Helen Krag and Lars Funch give an overview of the region’s history, the peoples of the North Caucasus, and the claims and conflicts – past and present. This report is one of the first publications to examine the North Caucasus and its peoples in depth, alerting the public and governments to a potentially volatile situation and suggesting ideas for possible action. Please note that the terminology in the fields of minority rights and indigenous peoples’ rights has changed over time. MRG strives to reflect these changes as well as respect the right to self-identification on the part of minorities and indigenous peoples. At the same time, after over 50 years’ work, we know that our archive is of considerable interest to activists and researchers. Therefore, we make available as much of our back catalogue as possible, while being aware that the language used may not reflect current thinking on these issues.
Download or read book Sufis and Anti Sufis written by Elizabeth Sirriyeh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-09 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its continuing appeal in the Muslim world, Sufism has faced fierce challenges in the last 250 years. This volume assesses the evolution of anti-Sufism since the middle of the eighteenth century and Sufi strategies for survival. It also considers the efforts of a few significant Muslim intellectuals to contemplate a future for a mystical approach to Islam without traditional Sufism. Many studies of Islam in the modern period have focused on the attempts of Muslim 'modernists' or 'fundamentalists' to come to terms with western modernity, and Sufis have often been marginalised in the process. Elizabeth Sirriyeh redresses this neglect by assigning to Sufism a central place in the broader history of Islam in the modern world and by examining how changing understandings of Sufism's role in modern conditions have affected Muslims of all shades of opinion.
Download or read book Energy and Security in the Caucasus written by Emmanuel Karagiannis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Any understanding of the complex politics of the post-Soviet Caucasus presupposes an understanding of the relationship between the transportation of Azerbaijan's oil, inter-state relations and ethnic conflicts. Energy and Security in the Caucasus is a contribution to the debate revolving around the geo-politics of the Caucasus.
Download or read book Small Nations and Great Powers written by Svante Cornell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-28 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the geographical, historical and ethno-linguistic framework of the Caucasus, focusing on the Russian incorporation of the region, the root most conflicts; analyses individual conflicts, from their origins to the attempts at resolving them; analyses the role of the three regional powers (Turkey, Iran and Russia); and sets out a synthesis of the Caucasian conflicts and a conclusion on the place of the Caucasus in world affairs.
Download or read book History of the Caucasus written by Christoph Baumer and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-10-05 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Shadow of Great Powers is the second volume of Christoph Baumer's History of the Caucasus. It covers the period from the Seljuk domination of the Southern Caucasus around 1050 CE to the present day. After the Kingdom of Georgia's golden age of independent power and cultural blossoming in the 12th and early 13th centuries, the Caucasus was overrun by the Mongols and soon disintegrated into innumerable smaller kingdoms, principalities and khanates. At the same time, an Armenian kingdom in exile maintained a precarious independence in Cilicia, today's southern Turkey, by applying a three-way diplomatic policy balanced between the Mongol Il-Khanate, the Crusader states and, to a lesser degree, the Mameluke Empire. Then followed four centuries during which the highly fragmented polities of the North and South Caucasus became political pawns of the regional great powers, above all the Ottomans, Iran and Russia. In the wake of World War I the South Caucasus enjoyed a short-lived independence whereas its northern neighbours were engulfed by the Russian civil wars. But by 1921 the Soviet Union had re-established Russian dominance over the whole region and, from a Western perspective, the region 'disappeared' behind the Iron Curtain. Nevertheless, the Caucasian nations kept their pronounced identities even under Soviet rule, giving rise at the dissolution of the Soviet Union to a number of internecine conflicts. Whereas the Russian Federation managed to maintain its supremacy over the North Caucasus – albeit at the cost of bloody wars and insurrections – Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia succeeded in more or less gaining control over their destiny. Of these three republics, only Azerbaijan secured a wide-ranging independence thanks to its fossil fuel resources. Following Russian interference, Georgia lost control over two of its provinces while Armenia remains dependent on Russian support in the face of its notoriously antagonistic relations with neighbouring Azerbaijan and Turkey over the unresolved issue of Karabakh. In the Shadow of Great Powers includes some 200 full-colour images and maps which further bring the turbulent history of this region to light.
Download or read book The Russian Chechen Conflict 1800 2000 written by Robert Seely and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1994, the mountain territory of Chechnya was witness to the largest military campaign staged on Russian soil since World War II. The Russo-Chechen war is examined within the context of the bitter history between the two peoples, culminating in the expression of conflict from 1994-1996.
Download or read book How Socio Cultural Codes Shaped Violent Mobilization and Pro Insurgent Support in the Chechen Wars written by Emil Aslan Souleimanov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that the existing scholarship on asymmetric conflict has so far failed to take into account the role of socio-cultural disparities among belligerents. In order to remedy this deficiency, this study conceptualizes socio-cultural asymmetry under the term of asymmetry of values. It proposes that socio-cultural values which are based upon the codes of retaliation, silence, and hospitality – values which are intrinsic to honor cultures, yet absent from modern institutionalized cultures – may significantly affect violent mobilization and pro-insurgent support in that they facilitate recruitment into and support for insurgent groups, while denying such support to incumbent forces. Utilizing Russia's counterinsurgency campaigns in the First and Second Chechnya Wars as an empirical case study, this study explains how asymmetry of values can have an effect on the dynamics of contemporary irregular wars.
Download or read book Separatism written by Metta Spencer and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1998 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comparative view of nine historic separatist movements, some of which have achieved the break-up of an empire or a state, and others that to date have not. The authors analyze the long term effects of secession: after partition, ethnic strife typically continues for generations; minorities decline in status; and democracy and human rights are derogated.
