Download or read book The Neurobiological and Physiological Basis of Pair Bond Maintenance Behavior in Socially Monogamous Titi Monkeys Callicebus Cupreus written by Emily Spray Rothwell and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pair bond relationships may be stable over time, but the behavioral interactions involved in maintaining these enduring social bonds are dynamic over time. Capturing and understanding these social complexities is difficult and likely contributes to the fact that there is far less literature regarding the maintenance of long-term pair bonds compared to their formation. The goal of my dissertation was to probe the neurobiological and physiological basis of behaviors that contribute to pair bond maintenance. I studied this in captive coppery titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus), a New World primate species that reliably display pair bonding in the wild and the laboratory. In chapter 1, I explored the role of the dopamine system in arousal and mate guarding behavior in male titi monkeys. For chapter 2, I characterized differences in behavioral dynamics between partners from newly-formed compared to well-established pairs of titi monkeys. Finally for chapter 3 I explored the influence of pair bond characteristics on the regulation of physiological responses during a challenge to the relationship.
Download or read book Titi Monkey Callicebus Cupreus Pair bonds and the Role of mu and kappa Opioid Receptors written by Benjamin J. Ragen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The opioid system is involved in a variety of behavioral and physiological functions. The opioid system, especially the [mu] opioid receptor (MOR) has been well established to be involved in infant-mother bonds as well as regulating social behavior in non-monogamous primates. Recent research in the monogamous prairie vole has provided evidence for the MOR and the [kappa] opioid receptor (KOR) to regulate pair-bond formation and maintenance. The following series of studies aimed at expanding this research to the monogamous titi monkey (Callicebus cupreus) and to explore how the MOR and KOR affect social behavior and endocrine functioning. For Study 1, paired male titi monkeys were administered the MOR agonist, morphine, and the opioid antagonist, naloxone, in the presence and absence of their pair-mate. Morphine attenuated the increase in plasma cortisol in response to separation and naloxone increased cortisol. Opioid manipulation had no effect on social or separation distress behavior, however, the presence of a pair-mate attenuated naloxone's aversive effects, which manifest as an increase in locomotion, cortisol, and vasopressin. For Study 2, paired male titi monkeys received morphine, naloxone, or the KOR agonist U50,488 upon reunion after a brief separation as well as whether. Morphine administration resulted in a reduction of males initiating contact and proximity with the female with the females compensating for the decrease in social motivation by breaking contact less. KOR activation resulted in slight increase in cortisol. Experiment 2 of Study 2, administered the KOR antagonist, GNTI, to observe if it would attenuate the separation distress response. GNTI attenuated the locomotor component of the separation distress response. The aim of Study 3 was to examine the distribution of MORs and KORs. Mapping of MORs and KORs with [3H]DAMGO and [3H]U69,593, respectively, uncovered that there was binding in the striatum, cingulate cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus. These are all brain regions involved in social behavior and endocrine function. These studies are the first to provide evidence that MORs and KORs in a monogamous primate regulate endocrine functioning and key behaviors important for maintaining a pair-bond.
Download or read book Social Bonding in Monogamous Mammals written by Rebecca Helen Larke and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The developmental period is one of plasticity, making early influences important for later expression of social behaviors. Many advances have been made in understanding the neurobiological basis of social behavior, but the mechanisms by which developmental processes impact adult sociality are not completely understood. In three studies, I investigate developmental influences on social behavior in two monogamous species, the coppery titi monkey (Callicebus cupreus) and the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). In the first, I explore how early life experience alters infant behavior in an open field test in titi monkeys. In the second, I examine how a serotonin 1a agonist affects social behavior in adult male titi monkeys as a model of a potential mechanism of autism. In the third, I explore how developmental exposure to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor alters social behavior and neural neuropeptide receptors in the prairie vole. Together these studies highlight the importance of developmental processes in the expression of later social behavior, the involvement of the serotonin system, and the utility of socially monogamous rodent and primate models for the study of sociality.
Download or read book Investigations Into Hormonal Correlates of Social Behavior in Callicebus Cupreus written by Michael Robert Jarcho and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation reports on a series of experiments that used the dusky titi monkey Callicebus cupreus as a nonhuman primate model of different social events in humans. This species displays a similar social system to that exhibited by most human societies. Specifically, adult titi monkeys establish and maintain socially monogamous pair bonds between a heterosexual pair. In addition, the pair raises their offspring together, with both the father and the mother participating in infant care. This dissertation is composed of three studies, each of which model a different behavior, and each of which are investigating the underlying hormonal correlates that are associated with specific social behaviors. In the first experiment we were interested in the changes in behavioral and adrenocortical reactivity that were associated with the establishment of a pair bond in females, and whether the age or previous experience with being paired would change the behavioral or adrenocortical reaction to pairing. We found that associated with pairing was a reduction in baseline cortisol, only in older, experienced females. We hypothesize that the younger, inexperienced females did not show the predicted reduction because their separation from their natal group paralleled emigration from the natal group under natural settings. This life history stage would be expected to be a time of heightened activity, and correspondingly elevated cortisol- a metabolic hormone. The second study involved manipulating an established pair bond by administrating vasopressin--a neuropeptide with known functions in social behavior--intranasally to the male. This treatment resulted in males displaying increased partner preference as exhibited by increased contact frequency with their partners' cages more and reduced contact frequency with that of an unfamiliar female's cage. Genetic analysis of peripheral blood revealed that treatment with vasopressin also resulted in the down-regulation of several inflammatory markers. In the final study, we investigated the role of two reproductive hormones--estrone conjugate and pregnanediol--on maternal behavior and infant survival. Production of viable offspring seems to be regulated, in part, by the pre- to postpartum drop in PDG. This idea is supported by the fact that higher pregnanediol in the third trimester was associated with more carrying and nursing during the critical first week postpartum.
Download or read book Oxytocin Vasopressin and Related Peptides in the Regulation of Behavior written by Elena Choleris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparative overview of the effects of neuropeptides on behavior, examining parallel findings in both humans and non-human animals.
Download or read book What s Love Got to Do with it The Evolution of Monogamy written by Alexander G. Ophir and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-25 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Extraordinary Biology of the Naked Mole Rat written by Rochelle Buffenstein and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the huge advances in the last 25 years on the use of this animal model for biomedical research (cancer, heart disease and neurodegeneration), fundamental neuroscience and basic subterranean biology. In 2013, Science magazine named the naked mole-rat as the Vertebrate of the Year. This was partly due to research carried out documenting its extreme longevity, negligible senescence, and prolonged maintenance of cancer free, good health well into old age as well as seminal work on mechanisms involved in these processes, pain and hypoxia resistance. In addition to this research focus on longevity and chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, the naked mole-rat has also made a substantial contribution to the fields of ecophysiology, neuroscience and behavior. With international contributions, this book provides a valuable text for zoological students, behavioral scientists and biomedical researchers.
Download or read book Evolutionary Social Psychology written by Jeffry A. Simpson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What a pity it would have been if biologists had refused to accept Darwin's theory of natural selection, which has been essential in helping biologists understand a wide range of phenomena in many animal species. These days, to study any animal species while refusing to consider the evolved adaptive significance of their behavior would be considered pure folly--unless, of course, the species is homo sapiens. Graduate students training to study this particular primate species may never take a single course in evolutionary theory, although they may take two undergraduate and up to four graduate courses in statistics. These methodologically sophisticated students then embark on a career studying human aggression, cooperation, mating behavior, family relationships, or altruism with little or no understanding of the general evolutionary forces and principles that shaped the behaviors they are investigating. This book hopes to redress that wrong. It is one of the first to apply evolutionary theories to mainstream problems in personality and social psychology that are relevant to a wide range of important social phenomena, many of which have been shaped and molded by natural selection during the course of human evolution. These phenomena include selective biases that people have concerning how and why a variety of activities occur. For example: * information exchanged during social encounters is initially perceived and interpreted; * people are romantically attracted to some potential mates but not others; * people often guard, protect, and work hard at maintaining their closest relationships; * people form shifting and highly complicated coalitions with kin and close friends; and * people terminate close, long-standing relationships. Evolutionary Social Psychology begins to disentangle the complex, interwoven patterns of interaction that define our social lives and relationships.
Download or read book Neurobiology of Social Behavior written by Michael Numan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-07-17 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social neuroscience is a rapidly growing, interdisciplinary field which is devoted to understanding how social behavior is regulated by the brain, and how such behaviors in turn influence brain and biology. Existing volumes either fail to take a neurobiological approach or focus on one particular type of behavior, so the field is ripe for a comprehensive reference which draws cross-behavioral conclusions. This authored work will serve as the market’s most comprehensive reference on the neurobiology of social behavior. The volume will offer an introduction to neural systems and genetics/epigenetics, followed by detailed study of a wide range of behaviors – aggression, sex and sexual differentiation, mating, parenting, social attachments, monogamy, empathy, cooperation, and altruism. Research findings on the neural basis of social behavior will be integrated across different levels of analysis, from molecular neurobiology to neural systems/behavioral neuroscience to fMRI imaging data on human social behavior. Chapters will cover research on both normal and abnormal behaviors, as well as developmental aspects. 2016 PROSE Category winner - Honorable Mention for Biomedicine and Neuroscience Presents neurobiological analysis of the full spectrum of social behaviors, while other volumes focus on one particular behavior Integrates and discusses research from different levels of analysis, including molecular/genetic, neural circuits and systems, and fMRI imaging research Covers both normal and abnormal behaviors Covers aggression, sex and sexual differentiation, mating, parenting, social attachments, empathy, cooperation, and altruism
Download or read book Partnerships in Birds The Study of Monogamy written by Jeffrey M. Black and published by Oxford University Press, UK. This book was released on 1996-05-30 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some birds mate for life, while others have many partners. Why? In this book, fourteen classic studies of bird behaviour are brought together to compare the different partnership patterns from ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Often there is a battle of the sexes, as individual birds behave in the way that serves their best interests. Introductory and concluding chapters review the latest thinking on this fascinating subject. - ;Some birds mate for life, while others have many partners. In this book, fourteen studies are brought together to compare different partnership patterns from ecological and evolutionary perspectives. The subjects have been chosen to include the same species living in different habitats (Sparrowhawks) and at different population densities (Great Tits). There are comparisons between closely related species (Mute Swans and Bewick's Swans). The studies span the globe and the behavioural gradient, from Iceland's strictly monogamous Whooper Swans to Australia's sexually promiscuous Splendid Fairy-wrens. In all cases, sexual and social relationships strongly influence a bird's survival and breeding success. -
Download or read book APA Handbook of Comparative Psychology written by Josep Call and published by APA Handbooks in Psychology(r). This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A handbook of comparative psychology.
Download or read book Comparative Social Evolution written by Dustin R. Rubenstein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Darwin famously described special difficulties in explaining social evolution in insects. More than a century later, the evolution of sociality - defined broadly as cooperative group living - remains one of the most intriguing problems in biology. Providing a unique perspective on the study of social evolution, this volume synthesizes the features of animal social life across the principle taxonomic groups in which sociality has evolved. The chapters explore sociality in a range of species, from ants to primates, highlighting key natural and life history data and providing a comparative view across animal societies. In establishing a single framework for a common, trait-based approach towards social synthesis, this volume will enable graduate students and investigators new to the field to systematically compare taxonomic groups and reinvigorate comparative approaches to studying animal social evolution.
Download or read book The Origins of Music written by Nils L. Wallin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book can be viewed as representing the birth of evolutionary biomusicology. What biological and cognitive forces have shaped humankind's musical behavior and the rich global repertoire of musical structures? What is music for, and why does every human culture have it? What are the universal features of music and musical behavior across cultures? In this groundbreaking book, musicologists, biologists, anthropologists, archaeologists, psychologists, neuroscientists, ethologists, and linguists come together for the first time to examine these and related issues. The book can be viewed as representing the birth of evolutionary biomusicology—the study of which will contribute greatly to our understanding of the evolutionary precursors of human music, the evolution of the hominid vocal tract, localization of brain function, the structure of acoustic-communication signals, symbolic gesture, emotional manipulation through sound, self-expression, creativity, the human affinity for the spiritual, and the human attachment to music itself. Contributors Simha Arom, Derek Bickerton, Steven Brown, Ellen Dissanayake, Dean Falk, David W. Frayer, Walter Freeman, Thomas Geissmann, Marc D. Hauser, Michel Imberty, Harry Jerison, Drago Kunej, François-Bernard Mâche, Peter Marler, Björn Merker, Geoffrey Miller, Jean Molino, Bruno Nettl, Chris Nicolay, Katharine Payne, Bruce Richman, Peter J.B. Slater, Peter Todd, Sandra Trehub, Ivan Turk, Maria Ujhelyi, Nils L. Wallin, Carol Whaling
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Close Relationships written by Jeffry A. Simpson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive summary of the psychology of close relationships, and showcases classic and contemporary theories, models, and empirical research that have been conducted in the field.
Download or read book On Repeat written by Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Repeat offers an in-depth inquiry into music's repetitive nature. Drawing on a diverse array of fields, it sheds light on a range of issues from repetition's use as a compositional tool to its role in characterizing our behavior as listeners, and considers related implications for repetition in language, learning, and communication.
Download or read book Living New World Monkeys Platyrrhini Volume 1 written by Philip Hershkovitz and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1977-12-01 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this long-awaited work, Philip Hershkovitz provides the most thorough and comprehensive treatise ever published on New World monkeys. The volume gives a detailed account of the origin, evolution, dispersal, and behavior of platyrrhines and a systematic arrangement of all known forms, living and extinct. During an eleven-year period, Hershkovitz examined more than 3,100 museum-preserved specimens and relevant primate fossils and observed hundreds of animals in captivity and thousands in the wild state. He presents his results in an elegant and encyclopedic text, lavishly illustrated with 520 figures and 7 color plates. Hershkovitz opens the study with a brief history and a definition, characterization, and comparison of primates as a taxonomic unit. Basing his work on nearly all known genera of living primates, the author deals with New World monkeys from comparative anatomical and evolutionary points of view. He examines display characters, pelage, the evolution of color patterns, primate locomotion, cranial and dental morphology, and the central nervous system. The final and most extensive part of the volume is devoted to the taxonomy and biology of the family Callitrichidae, comprising marmosets and tamarins, and the family Callimiconidae, represented by the callimico alone. Hershkovitz concludes with an exhaustive bibliography of more than 2,500 published works and a gazetteer of essential geographic data.
Download or read book Epigenetic Principles of Evolution written by Nelson R Cabej and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first and only book, so far, to deal with the causal basis of evolution from an epigenetic view. By revealing the epigenetic "user" of the "genetic toolkit", this book demonstrates the primacy of epigenetic mechanisms and epigenetic information in generating evolutionary novelties. The author convincingly supports his theory with a host of examples from the most varied fields of biology, by emphasizing changes in developmental pathways as the basic source of evolutionary change in metazoans. Original and thought provoking--a radically new theory that overcomes the present difficulties of the theory of evolution Is the first and only theory that uses epigenetic mechanisms and principles for explaining evolution of metazoans Takes an integrative approach and shows a wide range of learning
