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Book The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New Genera Ponsoonops and Bipoonops Araneae Oonopidae

Download or read book The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New Genera Ponsoonops and Bipoonops Araneae Oonopidae written by Angelo Bolzern and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two new genera, Ponsoonops and Bipoonops, are established for groups of species characterized by sexually dimorphic dorsal abdominal scutum expression (with a scutum present in males but not females), male palps with a separate cymbium and bulb, and a patterned abdomen. Both genera belong therefore to the Varioonops complex, represented now by three described Neotropical genera. Members of Ponsoonops are united by three putative synapomorphies in males: a "pierlike" dorsal scutum completely fused to the epigastric scutum, a patch of short setae ventrodistally on metatarsi I and II, and a short anteromedian protrusion on the endites. Female Ponsoonops specimens differ from other members of the Varioonops complex in having small lateral sclerites at the epigynal area and a smooth sternum. Members of Bipoonops share a large, irregularly shaped, rather indistinct dark spot posteriorly on the carapace, a putative synapomorphy, and a moderately rugose sternum surface; males are characterized by a distinct, bipartite conductor. A total of 22 Ponsoonops species, 21 new to science, are described: P. duenas, P. hamus, and P. tacana from Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize, P. bilzi, P. lucha, P. samadam, P. sanvito, and P. viejo from Costa Rica, P. bollo, P. boquete, P. coiba, P. fanselix, P. frio, P. lerida, P. mirante, P. panto, P. salimsa, and P. vuena from Panama, P. pansedro from Colombia, P. micans (Simon, transferred from Dysderoides) from Venezuela, P. yumuri from Cuba, and P. lavega from the Dominican Republic. Bipoonops is described for three new species found on the western slope of the Andes in Ecuador: B. baobab, B. pucuna, and B. tsachila.

Book The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New Genera Ponsoonops and Bipoonops Araneae Oonopidae

Download or read book The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New Genera Ponsoonops and Bipoonops Araneae Oonopidae written by Angelo Bolzern and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two new genera, Ponsoonops and Bipoonops, are established for groups of species characterized by sexually dimorphic dorsal abdominal scutum expression (with a scutum present in males but not females), male palps with a separate cymbium and bulb, and a patterned abdomen. Both genera belong therefore to the Varioonops complex, represented now by three described Neotropical genera. Members of Ponsoonops are united by three putative synapomorphies in males: a "pierlike" dorsal scutum completely fused to the epigastric scutum, a patch of short setae ventrodistally on metatarsi I and II, and a short anteromedian protrusion on the endites. Female Ponsoonops specimens differ from other members of the Varioonops complex in having small lateral sclerites at the epigynal area and a smooth sternum. Members of Bipoonops share a large, irregularly shaped, rather indistinct dark spot posteriorly on the carapace, a putative synapomorphy, and a moderately rugose sternum surface; males are characterized by a distinct, bipartite conductor. A total of 22 Ponsoonops species, 21 new to science, are described: P. duenas, P. hamus, and P. tacana from Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize, P. bilzi, P. lucha, P. samadam, P. sanvito, and P. viejo from Costa Rica, P. bollo, P. boquete, P. coiba, P. fanselix, P. frio, P. lerida, P. mirante, P. panto, P. salimsa, and P. vuena from Panama, P. pansedro from Colombia, P. micans (Simon, transferred from Dysderoides) from Venezuela, P. yumuri from Cuba, and P. lavega from the Dominican Republic. Bipoonops is described for three new species found on the western slope of the Andes in Ecuador: B. baobab, B. pucuna, and B. tsachila.

Book Spider Families of the World

Download or read book Spider Families of the World written by Rudy Jocqué and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise overview and descriptions of the 107 spider families that are presently recognized. It contains identification keys to the families and to the different kinds of spider webs, and shortcuts to remarkable types of spiders.

Book The Andean Cloud Forest

    The Andean Cloud Forest

    Book Details:
  • Author : Randall W. Myster
  • Publisher : Springer Nature
  • Release : 2020-11-12
  • ISBN : 3030573443
  • Pages : 234 pages

Download or read book The Andean Cloud Forest written by Randall W. Myster and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-12 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A book focused solely on Andean Cloud Forests (ACF) has never been published. ACF are high biodiversity ecosystems in the Neotropics with a large proportion of endemic species, and are important for the hydrology of entire regions. They provide water for large parts of the Amazon basin, for example. Here I take advantage of my many years working in ACF in Ecuador, to edit this book that contains the following sections: (1) ACF over space and time, (2) Hydrology, (3) Light and the Carbon cycle, (4) Soil, litter, fungi and nutrient cycling, (5) Plants, (6) Animals, and (7) Human impacts and management. Under this premise, international experts contributed chapters that consist of reviews of what is known about their topic, of what research they have done, and of what needs to be done in the future. This work is suitable for graduate students, professors, scientists, and researcher-oriented managers.

Book The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Varioonops Araneae Oonopidae

Download or read book The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Varioonops Araneae Oonopidae written by Angelo Bolzern and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new genus, Varioonops, is established for a group of species characterized by sexual dimorphism in abdomen morphology (with a dorsal scutum present in males but not females), male palps with a separate cymbium and bulb, and a patterned abdomen. The closest relatives of the new genus appear to be three similar, but as yet undescribed, Neotropical genera that share those characters, but the members of Varioonops are united by a putative synapomorphy that does not seem to occur in those undescribed groups: a granulated sternum. Attention is drawn to the cymbial cone, a structure (possibly a receptor) found near the tip of the cymbium in Varioonops, members of the Orchestininae, and at least some soft-bodied members of the Oonopinae. A total of 23 new species are described: V. cafista (the type species), V. velsala, V. montesta, V. spatharum, V. poas, V. varablanca, V. tortuguero, V. veragua, V. heredia, and V. girven from Costa Rica, V. ramila and V. sansidro from Costa Rica and Panama, V. funator and V. cerrado from Panama, V. edvardi and V. sinesama from Colombia, and V. yacambu, V. trujillo, V. pittieri, V. chordio, V. parlata, V. potaguo, and V. grancho from Venezuela.

Book The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Reductoonops Araneae Oonopidae

Download or read book The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Reductoonops Araneae Oonopidae written by Norman I. Platnick and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new genus, Reductoonops, is established for a group of New World soft-bodied oonopine spiders, found from Mexico south to Chile, characterized by reduced size, a flattened clypeus, loss of the posterior median spinnerets, and often by loss of the four posterior eyes. Members of this group resemble those of Stenoonops Simon but lack the clump of short setae found on the dorsal surface of the palpal tarsus of both sexes in that genus, and often have four pairs of deep channels at the sides of the sternum, the most anterior pair of which demarcate a short, trapezoidal, anterior portion of the sternum. A total of 34 new species are described from Mexico (chamela, armeria, niltepec, real, nubes, jabin), Costa Rica (monte, lucha), Costa Rica and Panama (naci), Panama (almirante, escopeta, bayano), Jamaica (ferry), Curaçao (hato), Martinique (diamant), Colombia (marta, sasaima, meta, leticia), Ecuador (tandapi, pichincha, tina, domingo, otonga, palenque, napo, jatun, hedlite, molleturo, celica, yasuni), the Galapagos Islands (pinta), Peru (carpish), and Chile (elqui).

Book The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Reductoonops Araneae Oonopidae

Download or read book The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Reductoonops Araneae Oonopidae written by Norman I. Platnick and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new genus, Reductoonops, is established for a group of New World soft-bodied oonopine spiders, found from Mexico south to Chile, characterized by reduced size, a flattened clypeus, loss of the posterior median spinnerets, and often by loss of the four posterior eyes. Members of this group resemble those of Stenoonops Simon but lack the clump of short setae found on the dorsal surface of the palpal tarsus of both sexes in that genus, and often have four pairs of deep channels at the sides of the sternum, the most anterior pair of which demarcate a short, trapezoidal, anterior portion of the sternum. A total of 34 new species are described from Mexico (chamela, armeria, niltepec, real, nubes, jabin), Costa Rica (monte, lucha), Costa Rica and Panama (naci), Panama (almirante, escopeta, bayano), Jamaica (ferry), Curaçao (hato), Martinique (diamant), Colombia (marta, sasaima, meta, leticia), Ecuador (tandapi, pichincha, tina, domingo, otonga, palenque, napo, jatun, hedlite, molleturo, celica, yasuni), the Galapagos Islands (pinta), Peru (carpish), and Chile (elqui).

Book The New World Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Neotrops Araneae Oonopidae

Download or read book The New World Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Neotrops Araneae Oonopidae written by Cristian J. Grismado and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new genus of soft-bodied oonopids, Neotrops, is established for a large assemblage of goblin spiders found in all tropical and subtropical areas of the Neotropical region, from Panama to Uruguay and central Argentina. Members of Neotrops have spinose forelegs, and share a general palpal morphology with those of Heteroonops Dalmas, but have a prolateral conductor connected with an internal bulbal vesicle that presumably discharges its secretion through a prolateral slit. Females lack a posterior receptacle in the internal genitalia, having only a posterodorsal plate serving for muscle attachment. Here we treat all the species except those from Brazil, which will be addressed in a subsequent paper. Twenty-three new species are described: N. darwini (type species), N. lorenae, and N. sciosciae (from Argentina and Uruguay); N. yunga, N. piacentinii, N. poguazu, and N. lopardoae (from Argentina); N. rubioi, N. pombero, and N. avalosi (from Argentina and Paraguay); N. labarquei (from Uruguay), N. yabare, N. izquierdoi, and N. kopuchianae (from Bolivia); N. pithecia, N. silvae, and N. pakitza (from Peru); N. platnicki, and N. waorani (from Ecuador); N. santamarta and N. caparu (from Colombia); and N. maracay and N. amacuro (from Venezuela). Four additional species, previously placed in Oonops Templeton, are transferred here to Neotrops: O. nigromaculatus Mello-Leitão, from Argentina and Uruguay; O. tucumanus Simon, from Argentina; O. donaldi Chickering, from Panama; and O. trapellus Chickering, from Trinidad and Venezuela. The females of the three latter species are here described for the first time. Most of the species are known from the leaf litter or the foliage of tropical and subtropical forests, but also from grasslands in the southern parts of their distributional range, where they appear as the dominant soft-bodied oonopids. The relationships of this new taxon are briefly discussed, and intrageneric groupings are also proposed.

Book A Revision of the Neotropical Goblin Spider Genus Neoxyphinus Birab n 1953 Araneae Oonopidae

Download or read book A Revision of the Neotropical Goblin Spider Genus Neoxyphinus Birab n 1953 Araneae Oonopidae written by Naiara Abrahim and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Neotropical spider genus Neoxyphinus Birabén, 1953, is revised, comprising 10 species found from the West Indies to northern Argentina. The genus is characterized by a unique combination of characters, which include the presence of a set of low tubercles or large spikes on the posterior surface of carapace; male endites with an apical, retrolateral excavation bearing a subapical toothlike apophysis; palpal bulb strongly inflated; embolus compact, S-shaped, with large, round ejaculatory opening; epigynal atrium large, with angular lateral corners. The large, round ejaculatory duct may be a synapomorphy of the genus. The genus Hawkeswoodoonops Makhan and Ezzatpanah, 2011, is synonymized with Neoxyphinus and the two species included in that genus are considered as nomina dubia. The monotypic genus Decuana Dumitrescu and Georgescu, 1987, is also synonymized with Neoxyphinus and its type species, D. hispida Dumitrescu and Georgescu, 1987, is transferred to the genus and redescribed. Confirming a hypothesis raised in the literature, Dysderina termitophila Bristowe, 1938, is transferred to Neoxyphinus and recognized as the senior synonym of the type species N. ogloblini Birabén, 1953. Two other species are transferred from Dysderina to Neoxyphinus: D. keyserlingi Simon, 1907, here recognized as the senior synonym of D. rugosa Bristowe, 1938, and D. furtiva Chickering, 1968, of which the male is described for the first time. In addition to the redescription of N. termitophilus, n. comb., N. hispidus, n. comb., N. xyphinoides (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942), N. keyserlingi, n. comb., and N. furtivus, n. comb., five new species are described: N. petrogoblin Abrahim and Ott, from the Amazon basin in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; N. gregoblin Abrahim and Santos, from Venezuela; N. axe Abrahim and Brescovit, from Bahia, Brazil; N. boibumba Abrahim and Rheims, from Pará, Brazil; and N. barreirosi Abrahim and Bonaldo, from Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela. With the exception of N. boibumba, known only from males, all new species are described from both sexes.

Book A Revision of the Neotropical Goblin Spider Genus Neoxyphinus Birab n 1953 Araneae Oonopidae

Download or read book A Revision of the Neotropical Goblin Spider Genus Neoxyphinus Birab n 1953 Araneae Oonopidae written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Neotropical spider genus Neoxyphinus Birabén, 1953, is revised, comprising 10 species found from the West Indies to northern Argentina. The genus is characterized by a unique combination of characters, which include the presence of a set of low tubercles or large spikes on the posterior surface of carapace; male endites with an apical, retrolateral excavation bearing a subapical toothlike apophysis; palpal bulb strongly inflated; embolus compact, S-shaped, with large, round ejaculatory opening; epigynal atrium large, with angular lateral corners. The large, round ejaculatory duct may be a synapomorphy of the genus. The genus Hawkeswoodoonops Makhan and Ezzatpanah, 2011, is synonymized with Neoxyphinus and the two species included in that genus are considered as nomina dubia. The monotypic genus Decuana Dumitrescu and Georgescu, 1987, is also synonymized with Neoxyphinus and its type species, D. hispida Dumitrescu and Georgescu, 1987, is transferred to the genus and redescribed. Confirming a hypothesis raised in the literature, Dysderina termitophila Bristowe, 1938, is transferred to Neoxyphinus and recognized as the senior synonym of the type species N. ogloblini Birabén, 1953. Two other species are transferred from Dysderina to Neoxyphinus: D. keyserlingi Simon, 1907, here recognized as the senior synonym of D. rugosa Bristowe, 1938, and D. furtiva Chickering, 1968, of which the male is described for the first time. In addition to the redescription of N. termitophilus, n. comb., N. hispidus, n. comb., N. xyphinoides (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942), N. keyserlingi, n. comb., and N. furtivus, n. comb., five new species are described: N. petrogoblin Abrahim and Ott, from the Amazon basin in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; N. gregoblin Abrahim and Santos, from Venezuela; N. axe Abrahim and Brescovit, from Bahia, Brazil; N. boibumba Abrahim and Rheims, from Pará, Brazil; and N. barreirosi Abrahim and Bonaldo, from Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela. With the exception of N. boibumba, known only from males, all new species are described from both sexes.

Book The Goblin Spider Genera Prodysderina Aschnaoonops and Bidysderina Araneae Oonopidae

Download or read book The Goblin Spider Genera Prodysderina Aschnaoonops and Bidysderina Araneae Oonopidae written by Norman I. Platnick and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new genus, Prodysderina, is established for a group of Neotropical oonopids belonging to the Dysderina complex and characterized by having a laterally incised, tuberculate, but unridged sternum, a groove connecting the posterior (but not the anterior) spiracles, and a male embolus with an elongated distal prong and a reduced proximal prong. Dysderina armata Simon is transferred to Prodysderina and selected as the type species; eight new species are described from Venezuela (P. megarmata, P. rollardae, P. janetae) and Colombia (P. piedecuesta, P. rasgon, P. santander, P. filandia, P. otun). The genus Aschnaoonops contains species that resemble those of Prodysderina but have a twisted (and usually basally widened) embolus in males, and a reduced genital atrium in females. That genus occurs in the Andes from Peru north to Colombia, east across northern South America, and north into the West Indies. Dysderina similis (Keyserling) and D. propinqua (Keyserling) from Colombia, and D. simla Chickering from Trinidad, are transferred to Aschnaoonops, and females of the two Keyserling species are described for the first time. One new species, A. silvae, has been taken by canopy fogging and appears to be widespread in the Amazonian portions of Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. A total of 36 other new, ground-dwelling, microdistributed species are described: A. yasuni, A. tiputini, A. cosanga, A. ramirezi, A. jatun, and A. marshalli from Ecuador, A. leticia, A. orito, A. pira, A. paez, A. huila, A. meta, A. alban, A. chingaza, A. pamplona, A. pedro, and A. marta from Colombia, A. chorro, A. indio, A. tachira, A. tariba, A. teleferico, A. jaji, A. merida, A. aquada, A. masneri, A. trujillo, A. cristalina, A. bocono, A. simoni, and A. margaretae from Venezuela, A. malkini, A. caninde, and A. belem from Brazil, A. villalba from Puerto Rico, and A. gorda from the Virgin Islands. Another new genus, Bidysderina, is established for a group of species resembling those above in sternal structure but having differently constructed male palps; five new species (B. perdido, B. bifida, B. niarchos, B. wagra, B. cayambe) are described from Napo province, Ecuador.