Download or read book The Neglected Role of School District Revenue Instability written by Rekha Balu and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the school finance literature has focused on the distribution or equality of resources across school districts. Such literature compares levels of spending between school districts or states. But it has ignored the variability and unpredictability of those revenues within school districts over time. Meanwhile, public finance literature has focused on states or counties, and disregarded school districts as a unit of analysis for responses to fiscal stress. This dissertation addresses these gaps. First, drawing from techniques both within and outside of public finance, I contribute a new measure of fiscal stress based on unpredictability of state revenues. Second, I explicitly assess policy and tax mechanisms that may aggravate revenue instability for school districts and to what extent instability changes over time. Finally, I examine school districts response to chronic unpredictability in state revenues. Despite states' increasing reliance on more volatile sales and income taxes to fund public education, I find that unpredictability in state revenues to districts has declined by one-fourth of a standard deviation over time. In states that shifted to the more volatile sales and income tax base while also centralizing school finance as part of efforts to equalize school funding, unpredictability in state revenues to districts declined by a full standard deviation. In effect, centralization and more equal distribution of funding appears to trump the effects of a volatile tax base, as states have a greater ability to buffer against shocks than local education agencies do. Yet districts still face uncertain and unstable revenues from the states, aggravated by economic downturns. With primary and secondary data, I study the case of California where districts face uncertain cuts to their allocations during the year and between years. I use three key fiscal health measures: average revenue instability over time, whether revenues declined in the prior period, and the experience of the budget officer. I find that highly unstable districts are more likely to raise local revenues, but that cost-cutting is more prevalent that revenue-raising. Experienced budget officers use a greater variety of policy instruments to cope with instability, pointing to the under-explored role of management in the fiscal health of a district. These findings as a whole suggest that revenue instability merits further attention in the school finance literature in particular and public management in general. Unpredictability in states revenues is a phenomenon that concerns school districts, one that changes over time, but one to which they may adapt.
Download or read book The Neglected Role of School District Revenue Instability written by Rekha Balu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the school finance literature has focused on the distribution or equality of resources across school districts. Such literature compares levels of spending between school districts or states. But it has ignored the variability and unpredictability of those revenues within school districts over time. Meanwhile, public finance literature has focused on states or counties, and disregarded school districts as a unit of analysis for responses to fiscal stress. This dissertation addresses these gaps. First, drawing from techniques both within and outside of public finance, I contribute a new measure of fiscal stress based on unpredictability of state revenues. Second, I explicitly assess policy and tax mechanisms that may aggravate revenue instability for school districts and to what extent instability changes over time. Finally, I examine school districts response to chronic unpredictability in state revenues. Despite states' increasing reliance on more volatile sales and income taxes to fund public education, I find that unpredictability in state revenues to districts has declined by one-fourth of a standard deviation over time. In states that shifted to the more volatile sales and income tax base while also centralizing school finance as part of efforts to equalize school funding, unpredictability in state revenues to districts declined by a full standard deviation. In effect, centralization and more equal distribution of funding appears to trump the effects of a volatile tax base, as states have a greater ability to buffer against shocks than local education agencies do. Yet districts still face uncertain and unstable revenues from the states, aggravated by economic downturns. With primary and secondary data, I study the case of California where districts face uncertain cuts to their allocations during the year and between years. I use three key fiscal health measures: average revenue instability over time, whether revenues declined in the prior period, and the experience of the budget officer. I find that highly unstable districts are more likely to raise local revenues, but that cost-cutting is more prevalent that revenue-raising. Experienced budget officers use a greater variety of policy instruments to cope with instability, pointing to the under-explored role of management in the fiscal health of a district. These findings as a whole suggest that revenue instability merits further attention in the school finance literature in particular and public management in general. Unpredictability in states revenues is a phenomenon that concerns school districts, one that changes over time, but one to which they may adapt.
Download or read book Did School Finance Equalization Increase Revenue Instability for School Districts written by Rekha Balu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study uses an Interrupted Time Series analysis with a non-equivalent comparison group to estimate the causal effect of school finance equalization on district revenue instability. The author applies a microeconomic framework to an understudied problem in education finance and policy. In so doing, she illustrates how policies can sometimes create unintended consequences that stay with districts for multiple years. This study asks whether state finance equalization policies led to changes in long-term district revenue stability, not just immediate changes in per-pupil revenue levels. It also contributes to the literature in several ways. First, the author applies analysis of revenue instability to the education sector. Second, she examines how instability in state education funding affects school districts. Third, she assesses the long-term trend in revenue instability within a district over time, or how much fluctuation could not be predicted. Typically district-level studies compare districts at a point in time, not within-district changes over time. (Contains 1 table and 4 figures.).
Download or read book Making Money Matter written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-30 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States annually spends over $300 billion on public elementary and secondary education. As the nation enters the 21st century, it faces a major challenge: how best to tie this financial investment to the goal of high levels of achievement for all students. In addition, policymakers want assurance that education dollars are being raised and used in the most efficient and effective possible ways. The book covers such topics as: Legal and legislative efforts to reduce spending and achievement gaps. The shift from "equity" to "adequacy" as a new standard for determining fairness in education spending. The debate and the evidence over the productivity of American schools. Strategies for using school finance in support of broader reforms aimed at raising student achievement. This book contains a comprehensive review of the theory and practice of financing public schools by federal, state, and local governments in the United States. It distills the best available knowledge about the fairness and productivity of expenditures on education and assesses options for changing the finance system.
Download or read book Savage Inequalities written by Jonathan Kozol and published by Crown. This book was released on 2012-07-24 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • “An impassioned book, laced with anger and indignation, about how our public education system scorns so many of our children.”—The New York Times Book Review In 1988, Jonathan Kozol set off to spend time with children in the American public education system. For two years, he visited schools in neighborhoods across the country, from Illinois to Washington, D.C., and from New York to San Antonio. He spoke with teachers, principals, superintendents, and, most important, children. What he found was devastating. Not only were schools for rich and poor blatantly unequal, the gulf between the two extremes was widening—and it has widened since. The urban schools he visited were overcrowded and understaffed, and lacked the basic elements of learning—including books and, all too often, classrooms for the students. In Savage Inequalities, Kozol delivers a searing examination of the extremes of wealth and poverty and calls into question the reality of equal opportunity in our nation’s schools. Praise for Savage Inequalities “I was unprepared for the horror and shame I felt. . . . Savage Inequalities is a savage indictment. . . . Everyone should read this important book.”—Robert Wilson, USA Today “Kozol has written a book that must be read by anyone interested in education.”—Elizabeth Duff, Philadelphia Inquirer “The forces of equity have now been joined by a powerful voice. . . . Kozol has written a searing exposé of the extremes of wealth and poverty in America’s school system and the blighting effect on poor children, especially those in cities.”—Emily Mitchell, Time “Easily the most passionate, and certain to be the most passionately debated, book about American education in several years . . . A classic American muckraker with an eloquent prose style, Kozol offers . . . an old-fashioned brand of moral outrage that will affect every reader whose heart has not yet turned to stone.”—Entertainment Weekly
Download or read book Compact Cities a Neglected Way of Conserving Energy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on the City and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable Biotechnology Adoption in Nigeria to Reduce Food Insecurity written by Uche M. Nwankwo and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2010 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To make innovations work commercially among the target group requires institutional approach that can anticipate and predict users' urgent needs through participation. Conversely, to make innovations work technically requires a pile of junk and good imagination according to Thomas Edison. Biotechnology no doubt is a significant innovation that can enable farmers in developing countries increase productivity and manage their products. Nevertheless, biotech application is surrounded with many controversial debates. These controversies have affected its perception among farmers and consumers alike. Using a mixed method approach, empirical data were gathered from farmers and extension agents in six geopolitical divisions of Nigeria to determine factors capable of ensuring sustainable biotech adoption. Results revealed that the probability of biotech adoption is dependent on a cause and effect relationship.
Download or read book Political Unrest in Upper Canada 1815 1836 written by Aileen Dunham and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1927, this account of the political struggles of Upper Canada prior to the Rebellion of 1837 remains a classic piece of Canadian historical scholarship.
Download or read book Hearings written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combination Utility Companies written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Commercial Health and Accident Insurance Industry written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combination Utility Companies written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Political Unrest in Upper Canada 1815 1836 written by Aileen Dunham and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1963-01-15 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1927, this account of the political struggles of Upper Canada prior to the Rebellion of 1837 remains a classic piece of Canadian historical scholarship.
Download or read book A School District in Crisis Detroit s Public Schools 1842 2015 written by Loveland Technologies and published by . This book was released on 2016-02-17 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What happened to Detroit Public Schools?The academic landscape of the city has undergone tremendous change over the last 30 years. Public schools now face competition from private charter schools and neighboring suburban school districts, putting them under severe financial strain.The district is now trapped in a cycle of student loss and school closure that, if left unchecked, will result in bankruptcy and the likely dissolution of the school district. This report looks at the complete history of the Detroit Public Schools, and how decisions made five, ten, even 100 years ago are having significant consequences today.
Download or read book Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States written by United States. Congress. House and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 2356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some vols. include supplemental journals of "such proceedings of the sessions, as, during the time they were depending, were ordered to be kept secret, and respecting which the injunction of secrecy was afterwards taken off by the order of the House."
Download or read book American Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Taxation Held Under the Auspices of the National Tax Association Tax Institute of America written by National Tax Association-Tax Institute of America and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
