Download or read book The Mongolian Legal System written by William Elliott Butler and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1982-07-20 with total page 1028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Asian Courts in Context written by Jiunn-rong Yeh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes courts in fourteen selected Asian jurisdictions to provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive interdisciplinary book available.
Download or read book Justice on the Steppe written by Ying Hu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines changes to the form and function of the Mongolian legal system in Qing Inner Mongolia between the Shunzhi (1644-1661) and Qianlong (1736-1795) reigns as a result of top-down imperial policies and bottom-up socio-demographic forces. It argues that the Qing state accommodated culturally diverse legal practices and ideologies while simultaneously promoting procedural uniformity throughout the empire. It finds that the Yongzheng reign (1723-1735) played a crucial role in this transition. In the decades after 1644, the Qing legal system included very different legal regimes: in the Chinese provinces, the Qing code inherited from the Ming dynasty was promulgated; in Mongolia, a Mongol code largely based on customary Mongolian law was in effect. Following reforms in the Yongzheng period, these two legal regimes were administratively integrated into one empire-wide, hierarchical Qing legal system. Chapter One examines Beijing's growing role in the administration of justice in the Shunzhi and Kangxi (1662-1722) reign periods. After reviewing the origins of Qing engagement with Mongolian law before 1644, the focus turns to the central state's participation in the review of criminal cases both by dispatching Lifanyuan representatives to Mongolia and by carrying out special investigations in cases of capital appeal. In the Kangxi reign, all capital crimes from Mongolia were required to undergo mandatory review in the capital. Moreover, the Lifanyuan no longer independently reviewed Mongol criminal cases, but instead did so jointly with the Three High Courts. Chapter Two examines the crucial role of the Yongzheng reforms in the search for bureaucratic centralization and administrative standardization. By 1723, Mongolia and China proper could no longer be treated as two entirely distinct spheres of jurisdiction. "Mixed cases, " involving parties normally governed by two different bodies of law and procedure, became more frequent as social and economic interactions between the indigenous Mongolian and immigrant Chinese populations increased. Reforms under the Yongzheng emperor introduced the prefectural model of administration into parts of Inner Mongolia, creating a contiguous multi-jurisdictional zone along the southern edge of the Great Wall. This legal plurality was characterized by overlapping bodies of law with different geographical reaches, co-existing institutional systems, and conflicting legal norms. A major concern of this dissertation is how, in practice, Qing officials dealt with conflict of laws when two legal orders with different laws and punishments were effective within the same geographic region and community. Chapters Three and Four look carefully at a range of cases from two categories of capital crimes that received particular attention from the Qing state: homicides and livestock theft. Over time, Qing influence was displayed in the principles of adjudication, the use of evidence, and even the form of documents. In homicides, officials introduced the mandatory medical examination by a coroner and routinized the use of the confession in place of the traditional Mongolian form of evidence -- the judicial oath. Chapters Three and Four also consider the crucial question of punishment. In the pre-Qing period, homicides and theft were punishable by large cattle fines. They were initially reclassified as capital punishment crimes in the early Qing. This remained true for homicides. Officials were chiefly concerned with standardizing the type of death sentence with those prescribed by Qing law. Livestock theft laws demonstrated a somewhat different trajectory. Mongolian thieves were initially punished more harshly than Chinese thieves; the former sentenced to death and the latter assessed a fine. In the Yongzheng reign, the penalty for livestock theft was reduced from death to enslavement, and further reduced to exile in the Qianlong reign. Although the punishment was not the same for Mongol and Chinese criminals, as it was for murder cases, the degree of severity of the punishment in Mongolian law was reduced to align with the Qing code. This dissertation argues that standardizing judicial procedure was a tool of Qing empire-building. The Qing central state increasingly expanded its control over the venue for conflict resolution and the basis for judgment. By the late eighteenth century, the legal treatment of serious crimes was relatively consistent despite the existence of multiple legal orders. Mongolian criminal categories aligned with Qing legal categories. Qing officials continued to modify Mongolian law up to the promulgation of the Lifanyuan code in the Jiaqing reign.
Download or read book Courts of the Mongolian People s Republic written by D. Sangidanzan and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Constitution of Mongolia written by Mongolia and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Text of the 1992 Constitution of Mongolia.
Download or read book Chinese Legal Tradition Under the Mongols written by Paul Heng-chao Ch'en and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-08 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of China's legal tradition was one of the most striking aspects of the transformation of Chinese civilization under Mongolian domination. Paul Ch'en's exploration of the legal system of the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368) and its first substantial legal code (the Chih-yuan hsin-ko, or Chih-yiian New Code) provides a key to our understanding of the impact of the Mongols on traditional Chinese law and society. Originally published in 1979. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book The Protection of Foreign Investments in Mongolia written by Bajar Scharaw and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the adequacy of Mongolia’s legal system for foreign investment protection by conducting a multi-level assessment of international investment treaties, domestic legislation of the host State, and investor-State contracts from an international comparative perspective. The investigation distinguishes between three legal dimensions, each of which offers both substantive legal guarantees for the protection of investments in the host State and provisions for the settlement of investment disputes by arbitration. In the first dimension of Public International Law (PIL), Mongolia is bound by international investment treaties, which offer investors an international law setting. In the second dimension, a special domestic investment law defines the domestic framework for the establishment, promotion and protection of investments, but also for the conclusion of investor-State contracts. These contracts in turn open a third legal dimension, which represents a cross-section through the PIL and domestic-law dimensions of investment protection. Following the development of a multi-level system with legal dimensions that are not isolated but rather interrelated and mutually reinforcing, the book examines whether Mongolia’s international investment treaties and domestic investment law reflect globally shared international and domestic standards of treatment and protection of foreign investments. Lastly, the author inquires whether the domestic laws applicable to investor-State contracts in Mongolia allow investors and the Mongolian Government to agree on protective terms according to the (not uncontroversial) standards of international contract practice.
Download or read book Legal System of Mongolia written by S. Narangėrėl and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book History of International Relations written by Erik Ringmar and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Existing textbooks on international relations treat history in a cursory fashion and perpetuate a Euro-centric perspective. This textbook pioneers a new approach by historicizing the material traditionally taught in International Relations courses, and by explicitly focusing on non-European cases, debates and issues. The volume is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the international systems that traditionally existed in Europe, East Asia, pre-Columbian Central and South America, Africa and Polynesia. The second part discusses the ways in which these international systems were brought into contact with each other through the agency of Mongols in Central Asia, Arabs in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean, Indic and Sinic societies in South East Asia, and the Europeans through their travels and colonial expansion. The concluding section concerns contemporary issues: the processes of decolonization, neo-colonialism and globalization – and their consequences on contemporary society. History of International Relations provides a unique textbook for undergraduate and graduate students of international relations, and anybody interested in international relations theory, history, and contemporary politics.
Download or read book The Protection of Foreign Investments in Mongolia written by Bajar Scharaw and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-23 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the adequacy of Mongolia’s legal system for foreign investment protection by conducting a multi-level assessment of international investment treaties, domestic legislation of the host State, and investor-State contracts from an international comparative perspective. The investigation distinguishes between three legal dimensions, each of which offers both substantive legal guarantees for the protection of investments in the host State and provisions for the settlement of investment disputes by arbitration. In the first dimension of Public International Law (PIL), Mongolia is bound by international investment treaties, which offer investors an international law setting. In the second dimension, a special domestic investment law defines the domestic framework for the establishment, promotion and protection of investments, but also for the conclusion of investor-State contracts. These contracts in turn open a third legal dimension, which represents a cross-section through the PIL and domestic-law dimensions of investment protection. Following the development of a multi-level system with legal dimensions that are not isolated but rather interrelated and mutually reinforcing, the book examines whether Mongolia’s international investment treaties and domestic investment law reflect globally shared international and domestic standards of treatment and protection of foreign investments. Lastly, the author inquires whether the domestic laws applicable to investor-State contracts in Mongolia allow investors and the Mongolian Government to agree on protective terms according to the (not uncontroversial) standards of international contract practice.
Download or read book Mongolia in Transition written by Christopher A. Whytock and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Crisis of the 14th Century written by Martin Bauch and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-modern critical interactions of nature and society can best be studied during the so-called "Crisis of the 14th Century". While historiography has long ignored the environmental framing of historcial processes and scientists have over-emphasized nature's impact on the course of human history, this volume tries to describe the at times complex modes of the late-medieval relationship of man and nature. The idea of 'teleconnection', borrowed from the geosciences, describes the influence of atmospheric circulation patterns often over long distances. It seems that there were 'teleconnections' in society, too. So this volumes aims to examine man-environment interactions mainly in the 14th century from all over Europe and beyond. It integrates contributions from different disciplines on impact, perception and reaction of environmental change and natural extreme events on late Medieval societies. For humanists from all historical disciplines it offers an approach how to integrate written and even scientific evidence on environmental change in established and new fields of historical research. For scientists it demonstrates the contributions scholars from the humanities can provide for discussion on past environmental changes.
Download or read book Postal Systems in the Pre Modern Islamic World written by Adam J. Silverstein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-21 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adam Silverstein's book offers a fascinating account of the official methods of communication employed in the Near East from pre-Islamic times through the Mamluk period. Postal systems were set up by rulers in order to maintain control over vast tracts of land. These systems, invented centuries before steam-engines or cars, enabled the swift circulation of different commodities - from letters, people and horses to exotic fruits and ice. As the correspondence transported often included confidential reports from a ruler's provinces, such postal systems doubled as espionage-networks through which news reached the central authorities quickly enough to allow a timely reaction to events. The book sheds light not only on the role of communications technology in Islamic history, but also on how nomadic culture contributed to empire-building in the Near East. This is a long-awaited contribution to the history of pre-modern communications systems in the Near Eastern world.
Download or read book Marriage and the Law in the Age of Khubilai Khan written by Bettine Birge and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These thirteenth-century legal cases from the classic compendium Yuan dianzhang reveal the complex, contradictory inner workings of the Mongol-Yuan legal system, as seen through the prism of divorce, adultery, rape, wife-selling, and other marital disputes. Bettine Birge offers a meticulously annotated translation and analysis.
Download or read book Mongolia Today written by Shirin Akiner and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-10-13 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1991 Mongolia Today presents a collection of essays by leading scholars in the field and gives important insights into the economic, political, legal and military systems of Mongolia. The Mongolian People's Republic, formerly known as ‘Outer Mongolia’, is three times the size of France but has population of just two million. Sandwiched between Russia and China, this remote heartland of Asia has long been one of the most inaccessible places in the world, its isolation preserved by political as well as geographical barriers. The modern history of Mongolia has been dominated by its two great neighbours: strong economic and political ties with the erstwhile Soviet Union and problematic relations with China. Relations with the West have been slow to develop. Post-cold war, Mongolia is willing to explore new relationships with other parts of the world and transform this once isolated land into a trading partner of international potential. This is an essential read for scholars and researchers of Central Asian studies, Asian politics, and Chinese studies.
Download or read book Regulation Of Foreign Investment Challenges To International Harmonization written by Zdenek Drabek and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main aim of this book is to assess the importance of international rules for foreign direct investment and the major challenges to international harmonization of those rules. Particular attention is paid to the most controversial and contentious issues with the view of appraising the prospects for establishing global rules. The book is divided into three parts; the first part includes papers assessing the role of national and international legislation with further distinction being made between bilateral, regional and multilateral legal frameworks. The second part addresses regulatory issues of technology transfer, labor, environment, subsidies and investment incentives, national security, public services and sovereign wealth funds. The final part looks at the experience of some international fora in addressing these issues and at some theoretical and conceptual problems of rule harmonization. The papers have been written by legal and economic scholars from leading universities.
