Download or read book The Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study Meras written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03-04 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fresh groundwater in the Mississippi embayment can be found in alternating formations of sand, silt, and clay. The uppermost of these formations is the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (alluvial aquifer), which can provide well yields of 300 to 2,000 gal/min. The alluvial aquifer exists at land surface and covers much of the embayment area within the Mississippi Alluvial Plain.

Download or read book Enhancements to the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study MERAS Groundwater flow Model and Simulations of Sustainable Water level Scenarios written by Brian R. Clark and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Groundwater Availability of the Mississippi Embayment written by Brian R. Clark and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater is an important resource for agricultural and municipal uses in the Mississippi embayment. Arkansas ranks first in the Nation for rice and third for cotton production, with both crops dependent on groundwater as a major source of irrigation requirements. Multiple municipalities rely on the groundwater resources to provide water for industrial and public use, which includes the city of Memphis, Tennessee. The demand for the groundwater resource has resulted in groundwater availability issues in the Mississippi embayment including: (1) declining groundwater levels of 50 feet or more in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in parts of eastern Arkansas from agricultural pumping, (2) declining groundwater levels of over 360 feet over the last 90 years in the confined middle Claiborne aquifer in southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana from municipal pumping, and (3) litigation between the State of Mississippi and a Memphis water utility over water rights in the middle Claiborne aquifer. To provide information to stakeholders addressing the groundwater-availability issues, the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Resources Program supported a detailed assessment of groundwater availability through the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS). This assessment included (1) an evaluation of how these resources have changed over time through the use of groundwater budgets, (2) development of a numerical modeling tool to assess system responses to stresses from future human uses and climate trends, and (3) application of statistical tools to evaluate the importance of individual observations within a groundwater-monitoring network. An estimated 12 million acre-feet per year (11 billion gallons per day) of groundwater was pumped in 2005 from aquifers in the Mississippi embayment. Irrigation constitutes the largest groundwater use, accounting for approximately 10 million acre-feet per year (9 billion gallons per day) in 2000 from the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri, and to a lesser extent in Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Predevelopment groundwater flow is represented in the MERAS model as a steady-state stress period, assumed to be prior to 1870. The simulated groundwater-flow budget indicates the largest predevelopment inflow to the system is net recharge to the alluvial aquifer. This inflow is balanced by outflow to gaining streams. Overall, water enters as net recharge to the alluvial aquifer or through outcrop areas of the various hydrogeologic units. Away from the outcrop areas, groundwater flow in the deeper formations is primarily upward into overlying units, ultimately discharging to streams through the alluvial aquifer. Total net recharge and discharge (sum of inflows or outflows) for the model ranged from about 0.66 million acre-feet per year during predevelopment to 20.16 million acre-feet per year by the end of the simulation (final simulated irrigation period in summer of 2006). This change in the model budget reflects increases in withdrawals compared to predevelopment conditions. Cumulative storage within aquifers simulated in the MERAS model indicates overall depletion of 140 million acre-feet (equivalent to 2.8 feet of water covering the entire study area). Postdevelopment inflow to the system is still through net recharge to the alluvial aquifer and the outcrop areas of the several hydrogeologic units, however, the flow between each unit is no longer upward to the alluvial aquifer. Groundwater flow during the summer of 2006 was primarily downward to offset demand from pumping. Early in the model simulation (1870-1920s), the primary components of the water budget were simulated as outflow from stream leakage and inflow from net recharge. As pumpage increased through time, water that would otherwise flow to streams reversed, and net stream leakage became an inflow to the system. The largest reversals began in the mid-1980s, but indications of the reversal began in the early 1960s with a trend in loss of streamflow leakage coupled with the first consistent inflow from storage. While groundwater pumped out of the alluvial aquifer was derived primarily from storage, pumpage out of the middle Claiborne aquifer was derived primarily from other aquifers (up to 15 percent from the alluvial aquifer), followed by flow from storage and net recharge. The potential consequences of climate change have been identified as a major concern facing the sustainability of the Nation's groundwater resources. To address this concern, two climate simulations were developed through the use of the MERAS model by extending the simulation period by 30 years to the year 2038 using extrapolated precipitation based on frequency analysis of historic climate cycles. There is little difference between the dry and wet scenarios in terms of percent water-level change. Both scenarios resulted in 14.6 to 13.9 percent of the area containing more than 100 feet of decline, 14.5 to 13.8 percent containing between 75 and 100 feet of decline, and 15.8 to 15.7 percent containing 51 to 75 feet of decline in the alluvial aquifer. The middle Claiborne aquifer water-level changes also were similar between the two scenarios. These scenarios indicate that even with a 25-percent increase in precipitation from that of the dry scenario, there is little difference in the resultant water levels. This is in large part because of the magnitude of differences between changes in net recharge and changes in pumping. When compared to the volume of water pumped out of the system, the effect of this change in net recharge is negligible. The groundwater-level monitoring network used to construct the 2007 middle Claiborne aquifer potentiometric surface was used as an example case to demonstrate statistical technique and to evaluate the importance of individual groundwater-level observations. To calculate the importance of each water-level observation to a prediction, predictions were specified as water-level altitudes near the end of the dry scenario simulation. These predictions were located near the center of cones of depression. Many of the observations that have a high importance are in close proximity to stressed areas of the aquifer.

Download or read book U S Geological Survey Professional Paper written by Brian R. Clark and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterizing Spatial and Temporal Changes and Driving Factors of Groundwater and Surface water Interactions Within the Mississippi Portion of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mississippi Alluvial Plain, a robust agricultural region in the South-Central United States, provides commodities across the United States and around the world. Water for irrigation, which is necessary due to irregular rainfall patterns during the growing season, is withdrawn largely from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial aquifer, one of the most intensely used aquifers in the United States. The groundwater-dependent region has observed recent declines in groundwater and streamflow levels, raising concerns about the availability and use of fresh-water resources. Declining water levels have prompted investigation into the current understanding of groundwater and surface-water interaction. Previous research does not adequately quantify the unobservable exchange of water between surface-water bodies and the underlying aquifer. This research was designed to advance the current understanding of the interaction between groundwater and surface water through the quantification of spatial and temporal trends in streamflow and groundwater level changes and the use of high-resolution spatial estimates of streambed hydraulic conductivity. Changes in streamflow and groundwater levels were quantified with the use of hydrograph-separation techniques and trend analyses. High-resolution estimates of streambed hydraulic conductivity were found through the correlation of waterborne continuous resistivity profiling data to hydraulic conductivity and streambed hydraulic conductivity estimates were incorporated into the existing Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) groundwater-flow model. Site-specific empirical relationships between resistivity and hydraulic conductivity were developed with near-stream borehole geophysical logs to improve model estimates of streambed hydraulic conductivity. Results of the quantification of changes in streamflow and groundwater levels suggested agricultural groundwater withdrawals for irrigation to be the primary source of grou

Download or read book Quaternary Aquifers in the Mississippi Embayment written by Ernest H. Boswell and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A general description of the availability of the chemical quality of ground water from the Quaternary aquifers in the Mississippi embayment.

Download or read book Ground water Flow Analysis of the Mississippi Embayment Aquifer System South Central United States written by J. Kerry Arthur and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterizing Spatial and Temporal Changes and Driving Factors of Groundwater and Surface water Interactions Within the Mississippi Portion of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain written by Courtney Killian and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mississippi Alluvial Plain, a robust agricultural region in the South-Central United States, provides commodities across the United States and around the world. Water for irrigation, which is necessary due to irregular rainfall patterns during the growing season, is withdrawn largely from the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial aquifer, one of the most intensely used aquifers in the United States. The groundwater-dependent region has observed recent declines in groundwater and streamflow levels, raising concerns about the availability and use of fresh-water resources. Declining water levels have prompted investigation into the current understanding of groundwater and surface water interaction. Previous research does not adequately quantify the unobservable exchange of water between surface-water bodies and the underlying aquifer. This research was designed to advance the current understanding of the interaction between groundwater and surface water through the quantification of spatial and temporal trends in streamflow and groundwater level changes and the use of high-resolution spatial estimates of streambed hydraulic conductivity. Changes in streamflow and groundwater levels were quantified with the use of hydrograph-separation techniques and trend analyses. High-resolution estimates of streambed hydraulic conductivity were found through the correlation of waterborne continuous resistivity profiling data to hydraulic conductivity and streambed hydraulic conductivity estimates were incorporated into the existing Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) groundwater-flow model. Site-specific empirical relationships between resistivity and hydraulic conductivity were developed with near-stream borehole geophysical logs to improve model estimates of streambed hydraulic conductivity. Results of the quantification of changes in streamflow and groundwater levels suggested agricultural groundwater withdrawals for irrigation to be the primary source of groundwater-level declines. Results from the incorporation of high-resolution estimates of streambed hydraulic conductivity showed that the existing groundwater-flow model is sensitive to changes in streambed hydraulic conductivity, which may impact model accuracy. The incorporation of streambed hydraulic conductivity estimates derived from site-specific empirical relationships impacted MERAS model water-budget estimates. Information gained from this research will be used to improve the existing groundwater-flow model, which acts as a decision-support tool for water-resource managers at state and local levels to make informed water-use decisions for the conservation of fresh-water resources for sustainable agricultural irrigation practices.

Download or read book Water Quality in the Deep Tertiary Aquifers of the Mississippi Embayment 1996 written by Gerard Joseph Gonthier and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Availability of Water in the Mississippi Embayment written by Elliott Morse Cushing and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary of the availabilty of water in the Mississippi embayment.

Download or read book Summary Appraisals of the Nation s Ground water Resources Lower Mississippi Region written by John E. Terry and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additional title page description: An emphasis on the region's large available supply of ground water and on the water-resource management practices directed toward deriving the maximum benefit from this large water supply.

Download or read book Hydrogeologic Data for the Mississippi Embayment of Southeastern Missouri written by Richard R. Luckey and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geohydrologic Units of the Mississippi Embayment and Texas Coastal Uplands Aquifer Systems South Central United States written by R. L. Hosman and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book First year Progress on Study of the Geohydrology of the Principal Water bearing Formations of the Mississippi Embayment written by Elliott Morse Cushing and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Groundwater Depletion in the United States 1900 2008 written by Leonard F Konikow and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A natural consequence of groundwater withdrawals is the removal of water from subsurface storage, but the overall rates and magnitude of groundwater depletion in the United States are not well characterized. This study evaluates long- term cumulative depletion volumes in 40 separate aquifers or areas and one land use category in the United States, bringing together information from the literature and from new analy- ses. Depletion is directly calculated using calibrated ground- water models, analytical approaches, or volumetric budget analyses for multiple aquifer systems. Estimated groundwater depletion in the United States during 1900-2008 totals approx- imately 1,000 cubic kilometers (km3). Furthermore, the rate of groundwater depletion has increased markedly since about 1950, with maximum rates occurring during the most recent period (2000-2008) when the depletion rate averaged almost 25 km3 per year (compared to 9.2 km3 per year averaged over the 1900-2008 timeframe).

Download or read book Tertiary Aquifers in the Mississippi Embayment written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Breakfast Cereals and How They Are Made written by Alicia A. Perdon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breakfast Cereals and How They Are Made: Raw Materials, Processing, and Production, Third Edition, covers the transformation of a cereal grain across the supply chain with oversight of the entire lifecycle – from ingredient, to finished product. The book provides essential Information for food product developers on the effect of ingredients and process conditions on breakfast cereal quality. All aspects of the processing of cereals grains into finished products is covered, from batching and cooking, toasting and tempering, coating, the inclusion of additional ingredients, and packaging information. In addition, the book covers the chemistry and economics of cereal crops. Essential reading for all product developers working in the cereal industry, this book will also be of interest to academic researchers and postgraduate students in both cereal science and food processing. Provides an up-to-date, end-to-end overview of the production process of cereal products Edited by active cereals researchers working in industry, with experts from both academia and industry supplying content Includes essential information on both ingredients and processes in the production of breakfast cereals Discusses materials, cooking and packaging Includes nutrition, quality and safety