Download or read book The Mineralogy and Crystallography of Pyrrhotite from Selected Nickel and PGE Ore Deposits and Its Effect on Flotation Performance written by Megan Becker and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrrhotite (Fe(1-x)S) is one of the most commonly occurring metal sulfide minerals and is recognised in a variety of types of ore deposits. Since the principal nickel ore mineral, pentlandite, almost ubiquitously occurs with pyrrhotite, the understanding of the behaviour of pyrrhotite during flotation is of fundamental interest. For many nickel processing operations, pyrrhotite is rejected to the tailings in order to control circuit throughput and concentrate grade and thereby reduce excess sulfur dioxide smelter emissions. For the platinum group element processing operations however, pyrrhotite recovery is targeted due to its association with the platinum group elements and minerals. Therefore, the ability to be able to manipulate pyrrhotite flotation performance is of importance. It can be best achieved if the mineralogical characteristics of the pyrrhotite being processed are known and their relationship to flotation performance is understood. Pyrrhotite is known to naturally occur in different forms that have varying physical and chemical attributes. These different pyrrhotite forms are commonly known as magnetic (Fe7S8) and non-magnetic pyrrhotite (Fe9S10, Fe10S11, Fe11S12) and as a result of their varying properties are expected to show some difference in their reactivity towards oxidation and flotation performance. Yet the accounts in the literature are inconsistent as to which of the pyrrhotite types is more reactive. Similarly, there appears to be little agreement in the literature as to which of the pyrrhotite types is more floatable. It is probable that this lack of agreement arises from the fact that previous studies have not given due consideration to the effect of the mineralogy of the samples examined. The success of the discipline of process mineralogy as a whole however, has been to gain an understanding of how the mineralogy of an ore affects its processing properties. The objective of this process mineralogy study was to develop the relationship between pyrrhotite mineralogy and flotation performance based on a thorough characterisation of pyrrhotite from selected nickel and platinum group element ore deposits in terms of their crystallography, mineral association, mineral chemistry and mineral reactivity. This was achieved through the characterisation of the mineralogy and mineral reactivity of pyrrhotite samples obtained from the Sudbury ore in Canada, Phoenix ore in Botswana and the Merensky Reef and Nkomati ores in South Africa. Based on the linkage of these characteristics to flotation performance, an understanding of the relationship and mechanisms that cause pyrrhotite mineralogy to influence pyrrhotite flotation performance has been gained. Mineralogical characterisation of the pyrrhotite samples in this study was performed using ore petrography, x-ray diffraction and mineral chemistry analysis. On the basis of these results pyrrhotite samples were classified as: single phase magnetic 4C Fe7S8 pyrrhotite, single phase non-magnetic 5C Fe9S10 pyrrhotite: two phase magnetic 4C Fe7S8 pyrrhotite intergrown with non-magnetic 5C Fe9S10 pyrrhotite and as two phase non-magnetic 6C Fe11S12 pyrrhotite intergrown with 2C FeS troilite. Nickel was identified as the main trace element impurity in the pyrrhotite structure and the amount of solid solution nickel in the pyrrhotite structure was correlated with whether the pyrrhotite was magnetic or non-magnetic, and whether it coexisted with another pyrrhotite phase. All pyrrhotite samples investigated showed a strong association to pentlandite that occurred in both granular and flame pentlandite forms. These key features of pyrrhotite mineralogy were in turn shown to be controlled by the bulk composition and cooling history of the monosulfide solid solution (MSS) from which pyrrhotite is derived. The reactivity of the different pyrrhotite samples towards oxidation was determined using open circuit potential, cyclic voltammetry and oxygen uptake measurements at both pH 7 and 10. Non-magnetic Sudbury Copper Cliff North pyrrhotite was the most unreactive of the samples examined, whereas magnetic Sudbury Gertrude West pyrrhotite was the most reactive. The magnetic Sudbury Gertrude West pyrrhotite was so reactive that open circuit potential and oxygen uptake measurements showed it was already passivated and likely covered with hydrophilic ferric hydroxides. The magnetic Phoenix pyrrhotite was slightly less reactive than the magnetic Sudbury Gertrude West pyrrhotite. The reactivity of the Nkomati Massive Sulfide Body (MSB) mixed pyrrhotite was in between that of the non-magnetic Sudbury Copper Cliff North and magnetic Phoenix pyrrhotite, due to the combined contribution of intergrown magnetic and non-magnetic pyrrhotite to its reactivity. The flotation performance of the different pyrrhotite samples was investigated at both pH 7 and 10 using microflotation tests. A variety of different reagent conditions was also investigated that included the use of different chain length xanthate collectors (sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX), sodium normal propyl xanthate (SNPX)) and the use of copper activation. The collectorless flotation of the non-magnetic Sudbury Copper Cliff North pyrrhotite was the greatest of the samples investigated. Only with the addition of flotation reagents were differences in the floatability of the other pyrrhotite samples identified. Magnetic Phoenix pyrrhotite showed good flotation performance whereas the flotation performance of the magnetic Sudbury Gertrude and Gertrude West pyrrhotite was very poor. The Nkomati MSB mixed pyrrhotite only showed good flotation performance at pH 7. All pyrrhotite samples generally showed improved flotation performance with the use of the longer chain length SIBX collector than the shorter chain length SNPX, whereas the efficiency of copper activation was influenced by pyrrhotite mineralogy, pH and collector chain length. Differences in the flotation performance of the pyrrhotite samples investigated were linked to their reactivity towards oxidation. Although not directly measured, the formation of hydrophilic ferric hydroxides on pyrrhotite surfaces due to oxidation was inferred as the reason for the poor flotation performance of some of the pyrrhotite samples. Key features interpreted to influence both pyrrhotite reactivity and flotation performance were pyrrhotite crystallography, mineral chemistry and mineral association. It has been proposed that differences in the amount of vacancies in the pyrrhotite crystal structure influence the oxidation rate and similarly the greater proportion of ferric iron in the magnetic pyrrhotite structure was argued to account for its greater reactivity relative to non-magnetic pyrrhotite. Differences in the solid solution nickel content and trace oxygen in the pyrrhotite structure were also proposed as additional characteristics influencing pyrrhotite oxidation rate and flotation performance. Depending on the degree of association of pyrrhotite to pentlandite, its flotation performance could be affected by the liberation characteristics and flotation of composite particles containing abundant locked flame pentlandite, although this could be manipulated by changing the grind size. The presence of nickel ions derived from the flame pentlandite in these composite particles could also assist in the activation of pyrrhotite and further improvement of its flotation performance. Some guidelines are also presented as to which simple mineralogical and mineral reactivity measurements have been of the most use in developing the relationship between mineralogy and flotation performance.

Download or read book Environmental Indicators in Metal Mining written by Bernd Lottermoser and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-18 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents an important new contribution to the literature that presents practical and comprehensive solutions to mining activities. Its timely content has been prepared by several experts from around the world and its practical format addresses the major environmental predictive techniques required for the extraction and processing of metal resources. Packed with reviews and case studies, it covers current methods used to forecast environmental effects of metal mining.

Download or read book Emerging Nanotechnologies for Renewable Energy written by Waqar Ahmed and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-16 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Nanotechnologies for Renewable Energy offers a detailed overview of the benefits and applications of nanotechnology in the renewable energy sector. The book highlights recent work carried out on the emerging role of nanotechnology in renewable energy applications, ranging from photovoltaics, to battery technology and energy from waste. Written by international authors from both industry and academia, the book covers topics including scaling up from laboratory to industrial scale. It is a valuable resource for students at postgraduate and advanced undergraduate levels, researchers in industry and academia, technology leaders, and policy and decision-makers in the energy and engineering sectors. - Offers insights into a wide range of nanoscale technologies for the generation, storage and transfer of energy - Shows how nanotechnology is being used to create new, more environmentally friendly energy solutions - Assesses the challenges involved in scaling up nanotechnology-based energy solutions to an industrial scale

Download or read book Recovery of Mineral Values in Cupriferous and Nickeliferous Pyrrhotite written by Oliver C. Fursman and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pyrrhotite in Rocks and Mineral Deposits written by Lionel Réné Simard and published by . This book was released on 1934 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Igdluk nguaq Nickeliferous Pyrrhotite written by Hans Pauly and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physical Separation of Thermally Upgraded Pyrrhotite written by Jaspreet Sandhu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 40 years, the depression of pyrrhotite during the flotation of nickel sulphide ores has led to a significant build-up of pyrrhotite tailings. These tailings are stored in tailings ponds, where they have the potential to generate acid rock drainage. These tailings contain up to 1% nickel, are easily accessible, and do not require grinding. A pyrometallurgical method of nickel extraction is being developed which involves converting pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS) to a ferronickel alloy (FeNi) and troilite (FeS). This thesis focuses on physically separating the FeNi and FeS phases, by either froth flotation or magnetic separation. The variables studied for froth flotation are pH, particle size, and additive concentrations. Moreover, magnetic separation characteristics studied are magnetic field intensity, particle size, and the production temperature of FeNi and FeS. Results showed that magnetic separation produced concentrates of higher Ni grade and Ni recovery compared to froth flotation.

Download or read book Electrochemical Characteristics of Pyrrhotite and Its Implication to Flotation written by Xuan Cheng and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Flotation of a Pyrrhotite Ore of the Ducktown Type written by Robert George Hendy and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Flotation Reagents Chemistry Theory and Practice written by Srdjan M. Bulatovic and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-02-19 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory and Practice is a condensed form of the fundamental knowledge of chemical reagents commonly used in flotation and is addressed to the researchers and plant metallurgists who employ these reagents. Consisting of three distinct parts: 1) provides detailed description of the chemistry used in mineral processing industry; 2) describes theoretical aspects of the action of flotation reagents3) provides information on the use of reagents in over 100 operating plants treating Cu, Cu/Zn, Cu/Pb, Zn, Pb/Zn/Ag, Cu/Ni and Ni ores.* Looks at the theoretical aspects of flotation reagents* Examines the practical aspects of using chemical reagents in operating plants* Provides guidelines for researchers and engineers involved in process design and development

Download or read book An Index to PGE Ni Cr Deposits and Occurrences in Selected Mineral occurrence Databases written by J. Douglas Causey and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Notes on Some North American Pyrrhotites and Other Minerals Containing Nickel written by Henry How and published by . This book was released on 1877 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mineralogy of Pyrrhotite written by Mabel Corlett and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A New Locality of Pyrrhotite Crystals and Their Pseudomorphs written by Charles Henry Smyth and published by . This book was released on with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fragmental Pyrrhotite Ore at Heath Steele Mines New Brunswick microform written by Dean William Arthur McDonald and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 1983 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Supergene Alteration on the Chemistry and Floatability of Sphalerite written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper gives the results of an empirical study of the floatability of sphalerite in terms of mineralogy and chemistry in natural untreated ore samples from a complex sulphide ore that had been partly exposed to supergene alteration. It is shown that the sphalerite in the study material had been altered by one or both of two reactions in the supergene zone. Firstly, it was enriched in copper (giving rise to chalcopyrite disease) and, secondly, it was depleted in iron. These reactions ran parallel to the well-known reaction in which pyrrhotite is oxidised to pyrite in the deeper parts of the weathering ore body. The floatability of the sphalerite is investigated on a relative basis, ie, the floatability of sphalerite from near-surface samples is compared with that of sphalerite from depth samples. The loss of iron from the sphalerite correlates negatively with its performance in the Partridge and Smith flotation cell and, depending on the mineralogy of the primary ore, the study material can be divided into three major groups: ores rich in pyrrhotite or pyrite (II), those rich in magnetite, and those rich in chalcopyrite. Each of these groups show distinct patterns in terms of the relative floatability of galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, which indicate that the sphalerite that reports anomalously in the copper concentrate should show a larger range in iron content than that recovered in the zinc circuit.

Download or read book Sulfide Mineralogy written by Paul H. Ribbe and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: