Download or read book The Millennium Prize Problems written by James Carlson and published by American Mathematical Society, Clay Mathematics Institute. This book was released on 2023-09-14 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On August 8, 1900, at the second International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris, David Hilbert delivered his famous lecture in which he described twenty-three problems that were to play an influential role in mathematical research. A century later, on May 24, 2000, at a meeting at the Collège de France, the Clay Mathematics Institute (CMI) announced the creation of a US$7 million prize fund for the solution of seven important classic problems which have resisted solution. The prize fund is divided equally among the seven problems. There is no time limit for their solution. The Millennium Prize Problems were selected by the founding Scientific Advisory Board of CMI—Alain Connes, Arthur Jaffe, Andrew Wiles, and Edward Witten—after consulting with other leading mathematicians. Their aim was somewhat different than that of Hilbert: not to define new challenges, but to record some of the most difficult issues with which mathematicians were struggling at the turn of the second millennium; to recognize achievement in mathematics of historical dimension; to elevate in the consciousness of the general public the fact that in mathematics, the frontier is still open and abounds in important unsolved problems; and to emphasize the importance of working towards a solution of the deepest, most difficult problems. The present volume sets forth the official description of each of the seven problems and the rules governing the prizes. It also contains an essay by Jeremy Gray on the history of prize problems in mathematics.
Download or read book The Millennium Problems written by Keith J. Devlin and published by Granta Books. This book was released on 2005 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, the Clay Foundation of Cambridge, Massachusetts, announced a historic competition: Whoever could solve any of seven extraordinarily difficult mathematical problems, and have the solution acknowledged as correct by the experts, would receive $1million in prize money. They encompass many of the most fascinating areas of pure and applied mathematics, from topology and number theory to particle physics, cryptography, computing and even aircraft design. Keith Devlin describes here what the seven problems are, how they came about, and what they mean for mathematics and science. In the hands of Devlin, each Millennium Problem becomes a fascinating window onto the deepest questions in the field.
Download or read book The Poincare Conjecture written by Donal O'Shea and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2009-05-26 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Henri Poincaré was one of the greatest mathematicians of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. He revolutionized the field of topology, which studies properties of geometric configurations that are unchanged by stretching or twisting. The Poincaré conjecture lies at the heart of modern geometry and topology, and even pertains to the possible shape of the universe. The conjecture states that there is only one shape possible for a finite universe in which every loop can be contracted to a single point. Poincaré's conjecture is one of the seven "millennium problems" that bring a one-million-dollar award for a solution. Grigory Perelman, a Russian mathematician, has offered a proof that is likely to win the Fields Medal, the mathematical equivalent of a Nobel prize, in August 2006. He also will almost certainly share a Clay Institute millennium award. In telling the vibrant story of The Poincaré Conjecture, Donal O'Shea makes accessible to general readers for the first time the meaning of the conjecture, and brings alive the field of mathematics and the achievements of generations of mathematicians whose work have led to Perelman's proof of this famous conjecture.
Download or read book The Millennium Prize Problems written by James A. Carlson and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "On May 24, 2000, at a meeting at the Collège de France, the Clay Mathematics Institute announced the creation of a US$7 million prize fund for the solution of seven important classic problems that have resisted solution. The prize fund is divided equally among the seven problems. There is no time limit for their solution. The Millennium Prize problems gives the official description of each of the seven problems and the rules governing the prizes"--Information screen.
Download or read book The Great Mathematical Problems written by Ian Stewart and published by Profile Books. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are some mathematical problems whose significance goes beyond the ordinary - like Fermat's Last Theorem or Goldbach's Conjecture - they are the enigmas which define mathematics. The Great Mathematical Problems explains why these problems exist, why they matter, what drives mathematicians to incredible lengths to solve them and where they stand in the context of mathematics and science as a whole. It contains solved problems - like the Poincaré Conjecture, cracked by the eccentric genius Grigori Perelman, who refused academic honours and a million-dollar prize for his work, and ones which, like the Riemann Hypothesis, remain baffling after centuries. Stewart is the guide to this mysterious and exciting world, showing how modern mathematicians constantly rise to the challenges set by their predecessors, as the great mathematical problems of the past succumb to the new techniques and ideas of the present.
Download or read book What s Happening in the Mathematical Sciences written by Barry Cipra and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematicians like to point out that mathematics is universal. In spite of this, most people continue to view it as either mundane (balancing a checkbook) or mysterious (cryptography). This fifth volume of the What's Happening series contradicts that view by showing that mathematics is indeed found everywhere-in science, art, history, and our everyday lives. Here is some of what you'll find in this volume: Mathematics and Science Mathematical biology: Mathematics was key tocracking the genetic code. Now, new mathematics is needed to understand the three-dimensional structure of the proteins produced from that code. Celestial mechanics and cosmology: New methods have revealed a multitude of solutions to the three-body problem. And other new work may answer one of cosmology'smost fundamental questions: What is the size and shape of the universe? Mathematics and Everyday Life Traffic jams: New models are helping researchers understand where traffic jams come from-and maybe what to do about them! Small worlds: Researchers have found a short distance from theory to applications in the study of small world networks. Elegance in Mathematics Beyond Fermat's Last Theorem: Number theorists are reaching higher ground after Wiles' astounding 1994 proof: new developments inthe elegant world of elliptic curves and modular functions. The Millennium Prize Problems: The Clay Mathematics Institute has offered a million dollars for solutions to seven important and difficult unsolved problems. These are just some of the topics of current interest that are covered in thislatest volume of What's Happening in the Mathematical Sciences. The book has broad appeal for a wide spectrum of mathematicians and scientists, from high school students through advanced-level graduates and researchers.
Download or read book The Girl who Played with Fire written by Stieg Larsson and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2010 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the reporters to a sex-trafficking exposé are murdered and computer hacker Lisbeth Salander is targeted as the killer, Mikael Blomkvist, the publisher of the exposé, investigates to clear Lisbeth's name.
Download or read book Arnold s Problems written by Vladimir I. Arnold and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-24 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vladimir Arnold is one of the most outstanding mathematicians of our time Many of these problems are at the front line of current research
Download or read book The Millennium Problems written by Keith Devlin and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2003-10-16 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, the Clay Foundation announced a historic competition: whoever could solve any of seven extraordinarily difficult mathematical problems, and have the solution acknowledged as correct by the experts, would receive 1 million in prize money. There was some precedent for doing this: In 1900 the mathematician David Hilbert proposed twenty-three problems that set much of the agenda for mathematics in the twentieth century. The Millennium Problems--chosen by a committee of the leading mathematicians in the world--are likely to acquire similar stature, and their solution (or lack of it) is likely to play a strong role in determining the course of mathematics in the twenty-first century. Keith Devlin, renowned expositor of mathematics and one of the authors of the Clay Institute's official description of the problems, here provides the definitive account for the mathematically interested reader.
Download or read book Africa and the Millennium Development Goals written by Charles Mutasa and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-10-29 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique work by the Centre for Conflict Resolution (CCR), Cape Town, South Africa, tracks the progress Africa has made in achieving the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) since 2000. Thirteen analytical chapters written by scholars and practitioners with expertise in the various areas covered by the eight MDGs are organized around the larger themes of political economy, structural issues, sustainable goals, and human development goals. They critically assess the progress that Africa has made towards the achievement of the MDGs, discuss how to accelerate that progress, and offer alternatives and recommendations in support of institutions in Africa that are engaged in promoting the achievement of sustainable development. Throughout, they examine the role of various actors (including the African Union; Africa’s regional economic communities, the United Nations, the European Union, etc.), civil society, and other external development partners in light of their contributions, shortfalls, and viable options in shaping the continent’s development agenda. Together they provide a unique assessment from experts on the ground of whether the goals were a success and what remains to be done to achieve sustainable economic and human development in Africa.
Download or read book Excursions into Mathematics written by Anatole Beck and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since it was first published three decades ago, Excursions Into Mathematics has been one of the most popular mathematical books written for a general audience. Taking the reader for short "excursions" into several specific disciplines of mathematics, it makes mathematical concepts accessible to a wide audience. The Millennium Edition is updated with current research and new solutions to outstanding problems that have been discovered since the last edition was printed, such as the solution to the well-known "four-color problem." Excursions Into Mathematics: The Millennium Edition is an exciting revision of the original, much-loved classic. Everyone with an interest in mathematics should read this book.
Download or read book Evaluating Social Programs and Problems written by Stewart I. Donaldson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-01-30 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents visions of how to solve social problems in the 21st century and how programs SHOULD be evaluated, not how they will be evaluated.
Download or read book Visual Complex Analysis written by Tristan Needham and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This radical first course on complex analysis brings a beautiful and powerful subject to life by consistently using geometry (not calculation) as the means of explanation. Aimed at undergraduate students in mathematics, physics, and engineering, the book's intuitive explanations, lack of advanced prerequisites, and consciously user-friendly prose style will help students to master the subject more readily than was previously possible. The key to this is the book's use of new geometric arguments in place of the standard calculational ones. These geometric arguments are communicated with the aid of hundreds of diagrams of a standard seldom encountered in mathematical works. A new approach to a classical topic, this work will be of interest to students in mathematics, physics, and engineering, as well as to professionals in these fields.
Download or read book Stable Stems written by Daniel C. Isaksen and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author presents a detailed analysis of 2-complete stable homotopy groups, both in the classical context and in the motivic context over C. He uses the motivic May spectral sequence to compute the cohomology of the motivic Steenrod algebra over C through the 70-stem. He then uses the motivic Adams spectral sequence to obtain motivic stable homotopy groups through the 59-stem. He also describes the complete calculation to the 65-stem, but defers the proofs in this range to forthcoming publications. In addition to finding all Adams differentials, the author also resolves all hidden extensions by 2, η, and ν through the 59-stem, except for a few carefully enumerated exceptions that remain unknown. The analogous classical stable homotopy groups are easy consequences. The author also computes the motivic stable homotopy groups of the cofiber of the motivic element τ. This computation is essential for resolving hidden extensions in the Adams spectral sequence. He shows that the homotopy groups of the cofiber of τ are the same as the E2-page of the classical Adams-Novikov spectral sequence. This allows him to compute the classical Adams-Novikov spectral sequence, including differentials and hidden extensions, in a larger range than was previously known.
Download or read book An Epsilon of Room I Real Analysis written by Terence Tao and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2022-11-16 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2007 Terry Tao began a mathematical blog to cover a variety of topics, ranging from his own research and other recent developments in mathematics, to lecture notes for his classes, to nontechnical puzzles and expository articles. The first two years of the blog have already been published by the American Mathematical Society. The posts from the third year are being published in two volumes. The present volume consists of a second course in real analysis, together with related material from the blog. The real analysis course assumes some familiarity with general measure theory, as well as fundamental notions from undergraduate analysis. The text then covers more advanced topics in measure theory, notably the Lebesgue-Radon-Nikodym theorem and the Riesz representation theorem, topics in functional analysis, such as Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces, and the study of spaces of distributions and key function spaces, including Lebesgue's $L^p$ spaces and Sobolev spaces. There is also a discussion of the general theory of the Fourier transform. The second part of the book addresses a number of auxiliary topics, such as Zorn's lemma, the Carathéodory extension theorem, and the Banach-Tarski paradox. Tao also discusses the epsilon regularisation argument—a fundamental trick from soft analysis, from which the book gets its title. Taken together, the book presents more than enough material for a second graduate course in real analysis. The second volume consists of technical and expository articles on a variety of topics and can be read independently.
Download or read book Efficient Solvers for Incompressible Flow Problems written by Stefan Turek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of recent numerical and algorithmic tools for the solution of certain flow problems arising in CFD, which are governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The book contains the latest results for the numerical solution of (complex) flow problems on modern computer platforms, with particular emphasis on the solution process of the resulting high dimensional discrete systems of equations which is often neglected in other works. Together with the accompanying CD ROM containing the complete FEATFLOW 1.1 software and parts of the "Virtual Album of Fluid Motion", readers are able to perform their own numerical simulations and will find numerous suggestions for improving their own computational simulations.
Download or read book Rational Points on Algebraic Varieties written by Emmanuel Peyre and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the study of rational and integral points on higher-dimensional algebraic varieties. It contains carefully selected research papers addressing the arithmetic geometry of varieties which are not of general type, with an emphasis on how rational points are distributed with respect to the classical, Zariski and adelic topologies. The present volume gives a glimpse of the state of the art of this rapidly expanding domain in arithmetic geometry. The techniques involve explicit geometric constructions, ideas from the minimal model program in algebraic geometry as well as analytic number theory and harmonic analysis on adelic groups.
