Download or read book The microbial ferrous wheel iron cycling in terrestrial freshwater and marine environments written by David Emerson and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 15 years, there has been steady growth in work relating to the microbial iron cycle. It is now well established that in anaerobic environments coupling of organic matter utilization to Fe reduction is a major pathway for anaerobic respiration. In iron-rich circumneutral environments that exist at oxic-anoxic boundaries, significant progress has been made in demonstrating that unique groups of microbes can grow either aerobically or anaerobically using Fe as a primary energy source. Likewise, in high iron acidic environments, progress has been made in the study of communities of microbes that oxidize iron, and in understanding the details of how certain of these organisms gain energy from Fe-oxidation. On the iron scarcity side, it is now appreciated that in large areas of the open ocean Fe is a key limiting nutrient; thus, a great deal of research is going into understanding the strategies microbial cells, principally phytoplankton, use to acquire iron, and how the iron cycle may impact other nutrient cycles. Finally, due to its abundance, iron has played an important role in the evolution of Earth’s primary biogeochemical cycles through time. The aim of this Research Topic is to gather contributions from scientists working in diverse disciplines who have common interests in iron cycling at the process level, and at the organismal level, both from the perspective of Fe as an energy source, or as a limiting nutrient for primary productivity in the ocean. The range of disciplines may include: geomicrobiologists, microbial ecologists, microbial physiologists, biological oceanographers, and biogeochemists. Articles can be original research, techniques, reviews, or synthesis papers. An overarching goal is to demonstrate the environmental breadth of the iron cycle, and foster understanding between different scientific communities who may not always be aware of one another’s work.
Download or read book Wetlands for the Treatment of Agricultural Drainage Water written by Guangzhi Sun and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Wetlands for the Treatment of Agricultural Drainage Water" that was published in Water
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Astrobiology written by Muriel Gargaud and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-27 with total page 3376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its third edition the Encyclopedia of Astrobiology serves as the key to a common understanding in the extremely interdisciplinary community of astrobiologists. Each new or experienced researcher and graduate student in adjacent fields of astrobiology will appreciate this reference work in the quest to understand the big picture. The carefully selected group of active researchers contributing to this work are aiming to give a comprehensive international perspective on and to accelerate the interdisciplinary advance of astrobiology. The interdisciplinary field of astrobiology constitutes a joint arena where provocative discoveries are coalescing concerning, e.g. the prevalence of exoplanets, the diversity and hardiness of life, and its chances for emergence. Biologists, astrophysicists, (bio)-chemists, geoscientists and space scientists share this exciting mission of revealing the origin and commonality of life in the Universe. With its overview articles and its definitions the Encyclopedia of Astrobiology not only provides a common language and understanding for the members of the different disciplines but also serves for educating a new generation of young astrobiologists who are no longer separated by the jargon of individual scientific disciplines. This new edition offers ~170 new entries. More than half of the existing entries were updated, expanded or supplemented with figures supporting the understanding of the text. Especially in the fields of astrochemistry and terrestrial extremophiles but also in exoplanets and space sciences in general there is a huge body of new results that have been taken into account in this new edition. Because the entries in the Encyclopedia are in alphabetical order without regard for scientific field, this edition includes a section “Astrobiology by Discipline” which lists the entries by scientific field and subfield. This should be particularly helpful to those enquiring about astrobiology, as it illustrates the broad and detailed nature of the field.
Download or read book Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling written by Hisao Ohtake and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-25 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the engineering aspects of phosphorus (P) recovery and recycling, presenting recent research advances and applications of technologies in this important and challenging area of engineering. It highlights full-scale applications to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the new technologies. As an essential element for all living organisms, P cannot be replaced by any other element in biochemical processes, humans ultimately rely its availability. Today, P is mostly obtained from mined rock phosphate (Pi). However, natural reserves of high-grade rock Pi are limited and dwindling on a global scale. As such, there have been increased efforts to recycle P from secondary sources, including sewage sludge, animal manure, food waste, and steelmaking slag, and so close the anthropogenic P cycle. In addition to various aspects of phosphorus covered by other literature, including chemistry, biochemistry, ecology, soil-plant systems and sustainable management, this book is a valuable and comprehensive source of information on the rapidly evolving field of P recovery and recycling engineering for students, researchers, and professionals responsible for sustainable use of phosphorus.
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Download or read book Iron Oxides written by Damien Faivre and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-25 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiling all the information available on the topic, this ready reference covers all important aspects of iron oxides. Following a preliminary overview chapter discussing iron oxide minerals along with their unique structures and properties, the text goes on to deal with the formation and transformation of iron oxides, covering geological, synthetic, and biological formation, as well as various physicochemical aspects. Subsequent chapters are devoted to characterization techniques, with a special focus on X-ray-based methods, magnetic measurements, and electron microscopy alongside such traditional methods as IR/Raman and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The final section mainly concerns exciting new applications of magnetic iron oxides, for example in medicine as microswimmers or as water filtration systems, while more conventional uses as pigments or in biology for magnetoreception illustrate the full potential. A must-read for anyone working in the field.
Download or read book Bacteria Metal Interactions written by Daad Saffarini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed description and analysis of the reduction and metabolism of metals and metalloids by sulfate reducing bacteria. The molecular mechanisms of bacterial resistance to copper are examined as well as extracellular electron transfer and bacterial metal oxide respiration. Furthermore, in this book enrichment, isolation, and physiology of magnetotactic bacteria are discussed. The interactions of bacteria with metals in natural environments and their role in metal cycling have been studied for decades. Advances in studies of bacteria-metal interactions identified numerous important aspects of these interactions, such as bioremediation of metal-contaminated environments, the role of metals in redox reactions and other cellular functions, as well as the role of metals in toxicity and infection. Microbiologists, environmental scientists, and students interested in microbe interactions with metals and their effect on the environment and their application in biotechnology will be interested in the topics discussed in the book.
Download or read book Microbial Iron Redox Cycling in Terrestrial Environments written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial redox cycling of iron (Fe) plays a central role in controlling terrestrial element partitioning, with broader impacts on subsurface contaminant mobility and the development of geochemical cycles on Earth. This dissertation explores the capacity of native microbial communities to oxidize and reduce Fe in terrestrial circumneutral-pH environments by coupling environmental sampling campaigns to bench-top experiments. Microbial Fe-oxide reduction can result in magnetite production, potentially explaining magnetite in Precambrian sedimentary rocks. The only modern analog occurs in sediments at the Bay of Vidy (Lake Geneva, Switzerland), where in situ magnetite formation is directly associated with microbial reduction. Geochemistry and isotope composition of Fe in these sediments was investigated. Despite extensive microbial reduction, very little Fe isotope variation was observed, indicating Fe isotope homogeneity is not sufficient to rule out a biological mechanism for magnetite formation. Microbial oxidation of solid-phase Fe(II) at circumneutral pH is a key pathway in controlling element partitioning and contaminant stability in modern terrestrial environments. Experimental reactors were constructed with sediment from a contaminated subsurface environment (Hanford 300 Area, Richland, WA) to determine how native microbes responded to oxidant flux. Endogenous microbial communities rapidly responded to chemical oxidant input (O2 or NO3) concurrently stabilizing. Uninoculated oxic reactors showed significant Fe(II) oxidation, enhancing our understanding of the capacity for native microbes in subsurface sediment to maintain redox state. A second series of reactors explored the capacity of native microbes to oxidize solid-phase Fe minerals. The first microbial cultures capable of aerobic pyrite (FeS2) oxidation at circumneutral pH were recovered. These enrichment cultures demonstrated growth tied to pyrite oxidation and sulfate generation for over one year of repeated transfers. Aerobic pyrite oxidation has been proposed to be a dominant pathway in Precambrian sulfur cycling. The mineralogical, microbiological, and geochemical changes observed in these experiments shed light on the role of microbes in sulfur cycling in ancient and modern subsurface environments. Finally, my Teaching and Learning Portfolio, the capstone requirement for the Delta Program's Certificate in Research, Teaching, and Learning, is included to highlight some of the broader impacts of my graduate career.
Download or read book Microbial Iron Acquisition and Organic Matter Cycling in the Marine Environment written by Lauren Manck and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a scarce but essential micronutrient for microbial growth in the marine environment, iron plays a critical role in supporting marine primary productivity and is tightly coupled to the cycling of carbon and additional macronutrients. While significant progress in recent years has been made in understanding the distribution of iron and iron-binding ligands in the marine environment, many questions remain regarding the mechanistic processes underlying these distributions. Heterotrophic bacteria serve as the primary drivers of the turnover of organic matter in the marine environment and have a significant cellular iron requirement, making them an important link between iron and carbon biogeochemical cycles. The work presented in this dissertation aims to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which heterotrophic marine bacteria acquire iron from their surroundings and the subsequent effects of their metabolic activities on both iron and carbon biogeochemical cycling. We have first developed Alteromonas macleodii ATCC 27126 as a model marine organism for the study of iron acquisition by heterotrophic bacteria. This has allowed us to characterize outer membrane TonB-dependent transporters for organically complexed forms of iron across the genus Alteromonas. This work revealed that a high diversity of iron-ligand compounds in the marine environment are potentially bioavailable. We have also utilized Alteromonas macleodii ATCC 27126 as a model organism for studying the functional role of siderophore production in iron acquisition in the marine environment. Through the insertional inactivation of the petrobactin biosynthetic pathway, we have determined that siderophore production increases the bioavailability of non-labile iron sources such as particulate minerals. Finally, in microcosm field experiments, we examined the transcriptional response of natural heterotrophic bacterial communities in the southern California Current System to iron additions demonstrating direct iron limitation of this community with consequences for downstream carbon processing. Together, this work sheds light on the role of heterotrophic bacteria at multiple points within the marine iron cycle, from the incorporation of iron into the marine environment to controlling the balance between the export and recycling of iron and macronutrients. It is our hope that this work results in an improved mechanistic understanding of marine iron biogeochemical cycling.
Download or read book Bioleaching and Biocorrosion Advances in Interfacial Processes written by Wolfgang Sand and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-07 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Iron Oxides written by Damien Faivre and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-08 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiling all the information available on the topic, this ready reference covers all important aspects of iron oxides. Following a preliminary overview chapter discussing iron oxide minerals along with their unique structures and properties, the text goes on to deal with the formation and transformation of iron oxides, covering geological, synthetic, and biological formation, as well as various physicochemical aspects. Subsequent chapters are devoted to characterization techniques, with a special focus on X-ray-based methods, magnetic measurements, and electron microscopy alongside such traditional methods as IR/Raman and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The final section mainly concerns exciting new applications of magnetic iron oxides, for example in medicine as microswimmers or as water filtration systems, while more conventional uses as pigments or in biology for magnetoreception illustrate the full potential. A must-read for anyone working in the field.
Download or read book Ehrlich s Geomicrobiology written by Henry Lutz Ehrlich and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in geomicrobiology have progressed at an accelerated pace in recent years. Ehrlich's Geomicrobiology, Sixth Edition surveys various aspects of the field, including the microbial role in elemental cycling and in the formation and degradation of minerals and fossil fuels. Unlike the fifth edition, the sixth includes many expert contributors
Download or read book Environmental Microbiology of Aquatic and Waste Systems written by Nduka Okafor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-21 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book places the main actors in environmental microbiology, namely the microorganisms, on center stage. Using the modern approach of 16S ribosomal RNA, the book looks at the taxonomy of marine and freshwater bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, and the smaller aquatic animals such as nematodes and rotifers, as well as at the study of unculturable aquatic microorganisms (metagenomics). The peculiarities of water as an environment for microbial growth, and the influence of aquatic microorganisms on global climate and global recycling of nitrogen and sulphur are also examined. The pollution of water is explored in the context of self-purification of natural waters. Modern municipal water purification and disease transmission through water are discussed. Alternative methods for solid waste disposal are related to the economic capability of a society. Viruses are given special attention. By focusing on the basics, this primer will appeal across a wide range of disciplines.
Download or read book Iron Biominerals written by R. Blakemore and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metal Biogeochemistry in Surface water Systems written by John F. Elder and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scheffer Schachtschabel Soil Science written by Hans-Peter Blume and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soils are fundamental to our existence, delivering water and nutrients to plants, that feed us. But they are in many ways in danger and their conservation is therefore a most important focus for science, governments and society as a whole. A team of world recognised researchers have prepared this first English edition based on the 16th European edition. • The precursors and the processes of soil development • The physical, biological and chemical properties of soils • Nutrients and Pollutants • The various soil classifications with the main focus on the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) • The most important soils and soil landscapes of the world • Soil Evaluation Techniques • Basic Principles of Soil Conservation Whoever works with soils needs this book.
Download or read book Algal Adaptation to Environmental Stresses written by L.C. Rai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae, generally held as the principal primary producers of aquatic systems, inhabit all conceivable habitats. They have great ability to cope with a harsh environment, e.g. extremely high and low temperatures, suboptimal and supraoptimal light intensities, low availability of essential nutrients and other resources, and high concentrations of toxic chemicals, etc. A multitude of physiological, biochemical, and molecular strategies enable them to survive and grow in stressful habitats. This book presents a critical account of various mechanisms of stress tolerance in algae, many of which may occur in microbes and plants as well.
