Download or read book The Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Alluvial Subsurface Systems written by Emily Lewis Cardarelli and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the intersection of terrestrial and aquatic environments, alluvial landscapes link up-land, riverine, and subsurface ecosystems. Floodplains and associated alluvial aquifers are hotspots of the biogeochemical processes influencing surface water and groundwater quality. The microbial communities within these zones are often drivers of these processes, and thus their structure and function may affect water quality. Currently, depth-resolved information about the structure and function of microbial communities within floodplains and their impacts on alluvial aquifers is limited. However, such information is critical for understanding biogeochemical cycles and how elemental stores are altered from perturbations initiated by the water cycle within floodplains. Surveyed from the surface to the sediment-bedrock interface, this dissertation illuminates temporal and depth-specific trends in microbial community dynamics within floodplains of the Western U.S. Here I present results from multiple field projects throughout the Western U.S. sampled under different hydrologic conditions. This work employs complementary molecular approaches in a field-based study, where the microbial ecology and geochemistry of key biogeochemical cycles (N, Fe, S, C) are explored. Through concurrent lines of geochemical and microbial evidence, spatiotemporal in-sights on subsurface microbial dynamics over a record flooding event are presented. Semiarid, intermontane cores (down to 6m depth) sampled under drought conditions in the Western U.S. and over drought-to-flood conditions on the Wind River-Little Wind River floodplain at Riverton, WY. Pairing depth-resolved high-throughput sequencing with detailed geochemical measurements for more than 250 samples from five sites, I identified hydrologic regime transitions drove the development of microbial niches and geochemical redox-stratification patterns within the vertical profiles examined. These findings suggest that transitions from unsaturated to saturated conditions coincided with major changes in microbial diversity and community stability, supporting trends in spatiotemporal succession that hold possible microbial and geochemical implications for subsurface systems and riverine water quality extending beyond this work.

Download or read book Microbiology of the Terrestrial Deep Subsurface written by Penny S. Amy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obtaining and analyzing samples is challenging in subsurface science. This first-of-its-kind reference book addresses accomplishments in this field-from drilling to sample work-up. A collaborative approach is taken, involving the efforts of microbiologists, geochemists, hydrologists, and drilling and mining experts to present a comprehensive view of subsurface research. The text provides practical information about obtaining, analyzing, and evaluating subsurface materials; the current status of subsurface microbial ecology; and describes several applications that will interest a variety of readers, including engineers, physical, and life scientists.

Download or read book Subsurface Microbiology and Biogeochemistry written by James K. Fredrickson and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 2001-01-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, much of our understanding of microorganisms in the subsurface was largely a matter of speculation. Recent advances in technology and methodology have enabled the discovery and study of microorganisms in deep subsurface environments. Researchers are now able to explore relationships between microbial physiology, taxonomy, and genetics, and the environment of these microorganisms, including geochemical, geological, and hydrological properties. Subsurface Microbiology and Biogeochemistry is a necessary learning tool that focuses on the integration of microbiology and the geosciences. The subsurface environment provides numerous niches for microorganisms and this book presents research in subsurface microbiology in addition to providing an understanding of the broad range and diversity of the previously "hidden" subterranean organisms. Contributing chapters from experts in their respective disciplines discuss the results of deep subsurface microbiology studies and enlighten the reader as to how the subsurface environment has grown to represent a true frontier for microbiological research. Subsurface Microbiology and Biogeochemistry reviews an important topic that is at the vanguard of subsurface environment studies with implications on the search for life on other planets. The discovery of subsurface microorganisms creates a multitude of opportunities for microbiologists and engineers in academia and biotechnology, with this book at the forefront of essential reading.

Download or read book Ground Water Microbiology and Geochemistry written by Francis H. Chapelle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-10-26 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ein zeitgemäßer Beitrag zum Schutz unserer wertvollen Grundwasservorräte! In drei Teilen beschreibt dieser Band alle Aspekte der Mikrobiologie und Geochemie des Grundwassers. Teil 1 ist einem allgemeinen Überblick über die vorhandenen Mikroorganismen (Arten, Wachstum, Metabolismus, Genetik, Ökologie) gewidmet. Teil 2 befaßt sich mit Verteilung dieser Organismen im Grundwasser, Probennahme und geochemischen Modellen. Im Mittelpunkt des 3. Teils stehen mikrobiologische Prozesse in wasserführenden Schichten, die mit Chemikalien verunreinigt wurden. (10/00)

Download or read book Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry written by Nagina Parmar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-09 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 4 billion years, microorganisms have contributed to shaping the earth and making it more habitable for higher forms of life. They are remarkable in their metabolic diversity and their ability to harvest energy from oxidation and reduction reactions. Research on these microbiological processes has led to the newly evolving fields of geomicrobiology and biogeochemistry, linking the geosphere and the biosphere. This volume of the Soil Biology series provides an overview of the biogeochemical processes and the microorganisms involved, with an emphasis on the industrial applications. Topics treated include aspects such as bioremediation of contaminated environments, biomining, biotechnological applications of extremophiles, subsurface petroleum microbiology, enhanced oil recovery using microbes and their products, metal extraction from soil, soil elemental cycling and plant nutrition.

Download or read book Bacterial Biogeochemistry written by Tom Fenchel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-07-27 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial Biogeochemistry, Third Edition focuses on bacterial metabolism and its relevance to the environment, including the decomposition of soil, food chains, nitrogen fixation, assimilation and reduction of carbon nitrogen and sulfur, and microbial symbiosis. The scope of the new edition has broadened to provide a historical perspective, and covers in greater depth topics such as bioenergetic processes, characteristics of microbial communities, spatial heterogeneity, transport mechanisms, microbial biofilms, extreme environments and evolution of biogeochemical cycles. Provides up-to-date coverage with an enlarged scope, a new historical perspective, and coverage in greater depth of topics of special interest Covers interactions between microbial processes, atmospheric composition and the earth's greenhouse properties Completely rewritten to incorporate all the advances and discoveries of the last 20 years such as applications in the exploration for ore deposits and oil and in remediation of environmental pollution

Download or read book Deep Subsurface Microbiology written by Andreas Teske and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep subsurface microbiology is a highly active and rapidly advancing research field at the interface of microbiology and the geosciences; it focuses on the detection, identification, quantification, cultivation and activity measurements of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes that permeate the subsurface biosphere of deep marine sediments and the basaltic ocean and continental crust. The deep subsurface biosphere abounds with uncultured, only recently discovered and – at best - incompletely understood microbial populations. In spatial extent and volume, Earth's subsurface biosphere is only rivaled by the deep sea water column. So far, no deep subsurface sediment has been found that is entirely devoid of microbial life; microbial cells and DNA remain detectable at sediment depths of more than 1 km; microbial life permeates deeply buried hydrocarbon reservoirs, and is also found several kilometers down in continental crust aquifers. Severe energy limitation, either as electron acceptor or donor shortage, and scarcity of microbially degradable organic carbon sources are among the evolutionary pressures that have shaped the genomic and physiological repertoire of the deep subsurface biosphere. Its biogeochemical role as long-term organic carbon repository, inorganic electron and energy source, and subduction recycling engine continues to be explored by current research at the interface of microbiology, geochemistry and biosphere/geosphere evolution. This Research Topic addresses some of the central research questions about deep subsurface microbiology and biogeochemistry: phylogenetic and physiological microbial diversity in the deep subsurface; microbial activity and survival strategies in severely energy-limited subsurface habitats; microbial activity as reflected in process rates and gene expression patterns; biogeographic isolation and connectivity in deep subsurface microbial communities; the ecological standing of subsurface biospheres in comparison to the surface biosphere – an independently flourishing biosphere, or mere survivors that tolerate burial (along with organic carbon compounds), or a combination of both? Advancing these questions on Earth’s deep subsurface biosphere redefines the habitat range, environmental tolerance, activity and diversity of microbial life.

Download or read book Subsurface Microbiology and Biogeochemistry written by James K. Fredrickson and published by . This book was released on 2001-07-01 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Microbial Regulation of Global Biogeochemical Cycles written by Johannes Rousk and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-10-17 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients are increasingly affected by human activities. So far, modeling has been central for our understanding of how this will affect ecosystem functioning and the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients. These models have been forced to adopt a reductive approach built on the flow of carbon and nutrients between pools that are difficult or even impossible to verify with empirical evidence. Furthermore, while some of these models include the response in physiology, ecology and biogeography of primary producers to environmental change, the microbial part of the ecosystem is generally poorly represented or lacking altogether. The principal pool of carbon and nutrients in soil is the organic matter. The turnover of this reservoir is governed by microorganisms that act as catalytic converters of environmental conditions into biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients. The dependency of this conversion activity on individual environmental conditions such as pH, moisture and temperature has been frequently studied. On the contrary, only rarely have the microorganisms involved in carrying out the processes been identified, and one of the biggest challenges for advancing our understanding of biogeochemical processes is to identify the microorganisms carrying out a specific set of metabolic processes and how they partition their carbon and nutrient use. We also need to identify the factors governing these activities and if they result in feedback mechanisms that alter the growth, activity and interaction between primary producers and microorganisms. By determining how different groups of microorganisms respond to individual environmental conditions by allocating carbon and nutrients to production of biomass, CO2 and other products, a mechanistic as well as quantitative understanding of formation and decomposition of organic matter, and the production and consumption of greenhouse gases, can be achieved. In this Research Topic, supported by the Swedish research councils' programme "Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Landscape" (BECC), we intend to promote this alternative framework to address how cycling of carbon and nutrients will be altered in a changing environment from the first-principle mechanisms that drive them – namely the ecology, physiology and biogeography of microorganisms – and on up to emerging global biogeochemical patterns. This novel and unconventional approach has the potential to generate fresh insights that can open up new horizons and stimulate rapid conceptual development in our basic understanding of the regulating factors for global biogeochemical cycles. The vision for the research topic is to facilitate such progress by bringing together leading scientists as proponents of several disciplines. By bridging Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry, connecting microbial activities at the micro-scale to carbon fluxes at the ecosystem-scale, and linking above- and belowground ecosystem functioning, we can leap forward from the current understanding of the global biogeochemical cycles.

Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements in the Rhizosphere written by G.R. Gobran and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-11 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rhizosphere in soil environments refers to the narrow zone of soil influenced by the root and exudates. Microbial populations in the rhizosphere can be 10 - 100 times larger than the populations in the bulk soil. Therefore, the rhizosphere is bathed in root exudates and microbial metabolites and the chemistry and biology at the soil-root interface is governed by biotic (plant roots, microbes) and abiotic (physical and chemical) interactions. The research on biotic and abiotic interactions in the rhizosphere should, thus, be an issue of intense interest for years to come. This book, which consists of 15 chapters, addresses a variety of issues on fundamentals of microscopic levels and the impact on food chain contamination and the terrestrial ecosystem. It is an essential reference work for chemists and biologists studying environmental systems, as well as earth, soil and environmental scientists. * 15 chapter book, which addresses a variety of issues on fundamentals of microscopic levels and the impact on food chain contamination and the terrestrial ecosystem

Download or read book Subsurface Biological Activity in Relation to Ground Water Pollution written by William J. Dunlap and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological activity occurring in subsurface regions below the soil zone may be of considerable importance in determining the fate and effect of pollutants in ground water, but this possibility has received little previous attention. This paper comprises a discussion of subsurface biological activity in regard to ground-water pollution as reflected by available literature references. The subsurface environment is discussed in terms of factors likely to be of greatest significance in regard to the development of biological systems, and previous investigations of subsurface microbial activity are reviewed. Available information indicates the presence in the upper continental crust of the earth of numerous regions, particularly those of sedimentary origin, which are probably suitable habitats for many microbial species. Previous investigations of subsurface microbial activity clearly show the presence of diverse microbial populations in many subsurface regions below the soil zone. Hence, microbial activity appears both possible and probable in most subsurface regions of importance in regard to ground water. Further elucidation of the extent and nature of microbial activity in subsurface regions is needed in developing methods for predicting the impact on ground-water quality of pollutants released into the earth's crust.

Download or read book Riverbank Filtration Understanding Contaminant Biogeochemistry and Pathogen Removal written by C. Ray and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Riverbank filtration is widely used in Europe and to some extent in the United States for the public water supply. It is a cost-effective and realisable treatment technology in which horizontal and vertical wells pump a mixture of ground water and induced surface water from a river. This book describes the biogeochemical issues involved in contaminant removal from surface water and the mechanisms of pathogen removal. Specifically, the following three points are considered: *The role of hydrogeological and well construction factors in the development of redox zones at bank filtration sites and the resulting impacts on contaminant removal. *The mechanisms of pathogen removal, including the processes, colloid filtration, die-away, decay, and predation. *The status of riverbank filtration processes in NATO partner countries.

Download or read book Microbial Ecology of Arid Terrestrial Systems written by Thulani P. Makhalanyane and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-09-14 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water is usually referred to as the ‘Molecule of Life’. It constitutes the most abundant molecule in living (micro)organisms and is also essential for critical biochemical reactions, both for the global functioning and maintenance of Ecosystems (e.g., Photosynthesis) and individual (microbial) cells (e.g., ATP hydrolysis). However, most of Earth’s terrestrial environments present deficiencies in bioavailable water. Arid environments cover around a third of the land’s surface, are found on the six continents and, with the anthropogenic desertification phenomenon, will increase. Commonly defined by having a ratio of precipitation to potential evapotranspiration (P/PET) below 1, arid environments, being either hot or cold, are characterized by scant and erratic plant growth and low densities in macro-fauna. Consequently, these ecosystems are microbially mediated with microbial communities particularly driving the essential Na and C biogeochemical cycles. Due to the relatively simple trophic structure of these biomes, arid terrestrial environments have subsequently been used as ideal ecosystems to capture and model interactions in edaphic microbial communities. To date, we have been able to demonstrate that edaphic microorganisms (i.e., Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses) in arid environments are abundant, highly diverse, different from those of other terrestrial systems (both in terms of diversity and function), and are important for the stability and productivity of these ecosystems. Moreover, arid terrestrial systems are generally considered Mars-like environments. Thus, they have been the favored destination for astro(micro)biologists aiming to better understand life’s potential distribution and adaptation strategies in the Universe and develop terraforming approaches. Altogether, these points demonstrate the importance of significantly improving our knowledge in the microbial community composition (particularly for Fungi, Archaea and Viruses), assembly processes and functional potentials of arid terrestrial systems, as well as their adaptation mechanisms to aridity (and generally to various other environmental stresses). This Research Topic was proposed to provide further insights on the microbial ecology of hot and cold arid edaphic systems. We provide a detailed review and nine research articles, spanning hot and cold deserts, edaphic, rhizospheric, BSC and endolithic environments as well as culture-dependent and -independant approaches.

Download or read book Bioelectrochemical Systems as Tools to Study Subsurface Biogeochemical Processes written by Elliot Sam Friedman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbes capable of extracellular electron transfer have been identified, characterized, and isolated from a wide variety of environments, including many soils and sediments. These uniquely-adapted microbes have been extensively studied in bioelectrochemical systems, such as microbial fuel cells, microbial electrolysis cells, and microbial three-electrode systems. These bioengineered systems capitalize on their ability to respire with insoluble electron acceptors, including solid-state electrodes. However, the role that these microbes play within the microbial community and biogeochemistry of the soils and sediments in which they are naturally found is less clear. Subsurface microbial communities perform many functions, including: degrading organic matter, controlling carbon and nutrient availability for primary producers, producing greenhouse gases, and mitigating anthropogenic pollutants. Therefore, it is critical to understand the complex community dynamics that govern soil microbiome structure in subsurface environments, and to link microbial processes with landscape level ecosystem function. To this end, I developed a cost-effective and field-ready potentiostat, capable of long-term operation in remote areas with poised subsurface electrodes and measuring respiration of iron- and humic acid-reducing microbes. I integrated these systems with measurements of greenhouse gas emission from soils and characterization of microbiome structure to link the microbial and landscape scales. I applied these techniques to two environments: (1) Arctic peat soils outside Barrow, Alaska to study the impacts of dissimilatory metal-reduction and microbial community structure on greenhouse gas emissions; and (2) sediments in a riparian zone near Ithaca, New York to study differences in biogeochemistry across hydrologic and spatial gradients. In the Arctic, potentiostatic monitoring of bacterial respiration revealed a correlation with soil temperature and the activation of microbes at deeper depths as the thaw progressed. Furthermore, bioelectrochemical manipulation altered microbial community structure, enriching for proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, and verrucomicrobia phyla, and these changes impacted landscapescale processes by increasing methane emissions 15-43%. This work demonstrates a new technique for linking the microbial and landscape scales, the fragility of carbon-rich high latitude soils, and the potential for increased methane emissions in response to small shifts in biogeochemistry. In riparian zones, which are often critical to the mitigation of anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in aquatic ecosystems, I found that microbial processes are highly variably across relatively small spatial gradients (~50 m). One location had lower methane emissions which did not change as a result of bioelectrochemical manipulation; however, at another site which had higher control methane emissions (factor of 2), bioelectrochemical manipulation severely (50%) inhibited methane emissions. Despite these differences in landscape scale response, microbial community structure at both sites was altered by manipulation. The work from both locations (Arctic and New York State) demonstrates the complexity of subsurface microbial community dynamics, their ability to be influenced by small changes in conditions, and the tangible impact that these processes have on landscape-scale processes. Understanding the links between the microbial and landscape scales will be essential to predicting response to external stimuli, such as anthropogenic pollution and climate change.

Download or read book Microbial Biomass written by Kevin R. Tate and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Microbial Biomass informs readers of the ongoing global revolution in understanding soil and ecosystem microbial processes. The first paper on the subject was written by David Jenkinson in 1966, and here new insights and expansions are given on the fascinating world of soil microbial processes. In terms of contemporary issues, it also serves to support urgent efforts to sustainably manage land to feed a growing world population without compromising the environment. It presents new methods of investigation which are leading to more sustainable management of ecosystems, and improved understanding of ecosystem changes in an increasingly warmer world. The book approaches the topic by looking at the emergence of our understanding of soil biological processes, and begins by tracing the conception and first measurement of soil microbial biomass. Following this, changes in ecosystems, and in natural ecosystem processes are discussed in relation to land management issues and global change. Microbial biomass and its diversity are recognized as key factors in finding solutions for more sustainable land and ecosystem management, aided by new molecular and other tools. Information from the use of these tools is now being incorporated into emerging microbial-explicit predictive models, to help us study changes in earth system processes. Perfect for use in research and practice, this book is written for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and professionals of agronomy, chemistry, geology, physical geography, ecology, biology, microbiology, silviculture and soil science."--Publisher's website.

Download or read book Microbial Ecology of Biogeochemical Interfaces Diversity Structure and Function of Microhabitats in Soil written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Microbial Ecology of the Soil written by Gudni G. Hardarson and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: