Download or read book Battles on the Tigris written by Ron Wilcox and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2006-09-15 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1914 the British expedition to Mesopotamia set out with the modest ambition of protecting the oil concession in Southern Persia but, after numerous misfortunes, ended up capturing Baghdad and Northern Towns in Iraq. Initially the mission was successful in seizing Basra but the British under Generals Nixon and Townshend, found themselves drawn North, becoming besieged by the Turks at Kut. After various failed relief attempts the British surrendered and the prisoners suffered appalling indignities and hardship, culminating in a death march to Turkey. In 1917 General Maude was appointed CinC but, as usual in Iraq, policy kept changing. Hopes that the Russians would come into the war were dashed by the Revolution. Operations were further frustrated by the hottest of summers. Fighting against the Turks continued right up to the Armistice. The conduct of the Campaign was subject to a Commission of Inquiry which was highly critical of numerous individuals and the administrative arrangements.
Download or read book Parallel Campaigns The British In Mesopotamia 1914 1920 And The United States In Iraq 2003 2004 written by Major Michael Andrew Kappelmann and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mesopotamia Campaign of World War I and Operation Iraqi Freedom of the Global War on Terrorism took place on the same geographic and human terrain. Though separated by nearly a century, a significant number of points of comparison are evident, particularly with regard to strategic and operational missteps. In both cases Western armies successfully invaded and occupied the present-day region of Iraq, and both armies suffered the effects of difficult insurgencies in the wake of their conventional campaigns. This thesis explores parallel mistakes committed by the political and military leadership of each operation in order to determine what aspects of the Mesopotamia Campaign might have provided useful precedents to the planners of Operation Iraqi Freedom. These comparable operations suggest an argument for studying history during the formulation of strategy and the design of supporting campaigns. If the American leadership had closely examined the earlier British encounter in Iraq, then it may have been able to avoid repeating some of that operation’s costly and deadly aspects.
Download or read book The Mesopotamian Campaign of World War I written by Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-05-09 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes accounts of the campaign *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading "With hindsight, it is easy to see why a slim, self-effacing Englishman named Thomas Edward Lawrence became one of this century's most ballyhooed celebrities. Out of the appalling carnage of World War I - the mud-caked anonymity of the trenches, the hail of mechanized death that spewed from machine guns and fell from airplanes - there emerged a lone Romantic, framed heroically against the clean desert sands of Arabia." - Paul Gray Most books and documentaries about the First World War focus on the carnage of the Western Front, where Germany faced off against France, the British Empire, and their allies in a grueling slugfest that wasted millions of lives. The shattered landscape of the trenches has become symbolic of the war as a whole, and it is this experience that everyone associates with World War I, but that front was not the only experience. There was the more mobile Eastern Front, as well as mountain warfare in the Alps and scattered fighting in Africa and the Far East. Then there was the Middle Eastern Front, fought across the Levant and Mesopotamia, which captured the imagination of the European public. There, the British and their allies fought the Ottoman Turkish Empire under harsh desert conditions hundreds of miles from home, struggling for possession of places most people only knew from the Bible and the Koran. The war to push the Ottoman Empire out of the Middle East ended up being a total success, and it has had far-reaching ramifications in the past 100 years. The Turks lost control of the Levant, the Saudi peninsula, and Mesopotamia, but now it was up to the victors to determine what should happen with the diverse populations of Arabs, Kurds, Jews, Sunnis, Shia, Christians, Druze, and various other groups that lived in this vast region. Even before final victory, the British and the French had come to an agreement about how to divide up the spoils. On May 16, 1916, British diplomat Mark Sykes and his French counterpart Francois Georges-Picot signed what has become popularly known as the Sykes-Picot Agreement. It divided the conquered lands into spheres of influence. The French got direct control of what is now Lebanon, coastal Syria, and portions of southern Turkey. The British got control of much of what is now Iraq, Kuwait, and the east coast of Saudi Arabia. Between these two areas were a French sphere of influence and a British sphere of influence. The Holy Land was made an Allied Condominium, ruled jointly by Britain and France under the advisement of the other Allies and the Sharif of Mecca. In the end, the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire drew up borders that ignored local populations, although with the patchwork of groups in the region, it would have been difficult to create even small countries with any sort of ethnic, tribal, or religious homogeneity. Instead, the resulting nation-states were conglomerates of minorities, paving the way for generations of conflict the region is still experiencing today. When Edward House, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy advisor, heard of the agreement from his British counterpart, Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour, he remarked, "It is all bad and I told Balfour so. They are making it a breeding place for future war." The Mesopotamian Campaign of World War I: The History and Legacy of the Allied Victory that Led to the Breakup of the Ottoman Empire examines the history of this crucial but often overlooked campaign. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the campaign like never before.
Download or read book The First Iraq War 1914 1918 written by A. J. Barker and published by Enigma Books. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Had this book been in print in 2003, things would have been different.
Download or read book On the Road to Kut written by Black Tab and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World War I in Mesopotamia written by Nadia Atia and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Mesopotamian campaign during World War I was a critical moment in Britain's position in the Middle East. With British and British Indian troops fighting in places which have become well-known in the wake of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, such as Basra, the campaign led to the establishment of the British Mandate in Iraq in 1921. Nadia Atia believes that in order to fully understand Britain's policies in creating the nascent state of Iraq, we must first look at how the war shaped Britons' conceptions of the region. Atia does this through a cultural and military history of the changing British perceptions of Mesopotamia since the period before World War I when it was under Ottoman rule. Drawing on a wide variety of historical and literary sources, including the writing of key figures such as Gertrude Bell, Mark Sykes and Arnold Wilson, but focusing mainly on the views and experiences of ordinary men and women whose stories and experiences of the war have less frequently been told, Atia examines the cultural and social legacy of World War I in the Middle East and how this affected British attempts to exert influence in the region."--Bloomsbury Publishing.
Download or read book The War in the Cradle of the World Mesopotamia written by Eleanor Franklin Egan and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Navy in Mesopotamia 1914 to 1917 written by Conrad Cato and published by London, Constable [1917]. This book was released on 1917 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Brief Outline of the Campaign in Mesopotamia 1914 1918 written by Roger Evans and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Desert Hell written by Charles Townshend and published by Belknap Press. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Iraq was created deliberately by the British over the seven years following their first invasion in 1914. Charles Townshend provides an informative and compelling explanation of that conquest and examines how an initially cautious strategic invasion by British forces led to imperial expansion on a vast scale.
Download or read book Oil and the Creation of Iraq written by David E. McNabb and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Off to the sidelines of the brutal western front of World War I was a nasty little campaign by British and India troops sent to secure Persian oil fields. Explaining what and how this happened in the early decades of the twentieth century goes beyond being just another history of a distant campaign in the 1914 to 1918 war. The highs and lows of what many British military planners in London considered to be a minor campaign in a distant theatre of operations proved to be a long, costly conflict the results of which still influence events today. Oil and the Creation of Iraq describes how the policies of allied military leaders of the time resulted in pushing the Ottoman government into partnership with Germany and Austria during World War I, resulting in its disintegration and loss of its Middle Eastern territories. The book then describes how the political and economic aims of the nations involved in the Mesopotamian campaign influenced the fighting and subsequent creation of Iraq, a new nation with few defensible boundaries, but one sitting atop an almost inexhaustible supply of oil and gas.
Download or read book The British Army in Mesopotamia 1914 1918 written by Paul Knight and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2013-08-09 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When war broke out between the British and Turkish empires in 1914, the 6th (Poona) Division sailed from India to Basra to bolster Britain's allies, deny the port to enemy shipping, and secure Britain's Persian oil supplies. Further expansion followed: the capture of Al-Amara was the British Army's greatest victory of 1915. When an advance on Baghdad was repulsed, the Siege of Kut became the British Army's longest siege and greatest surrender. Attempts to relieve Kut led to unsuccessful battles that were bloody and muddy even by Western Front standards. Under new leadership, revitalized and reinforced, the British avenged their defeat when Baghdad was captured in March 1917. Thereafter, the British Empire committed, in campaigns of limited value to the overall war effort, huge levels of manpower and materiel desperately needed elsewhere. What was created was modern Iraq and the first Arab government in Baghdad in over 400 years. This detailed history places the campaign in context of Allied operations in the Middle East and sheds light on several unsung heroes of the war, including General Charles Townshend whose spectacular 1915 victories led to humiliating defeat and captivity in 1916; General Frederick Stanley Maude whose March 1917 entry into Baghdad preceded General Allenby's entry into Jerusalem by eight months; and Miss Gertrude Bell, a "female Lawrence of Arabia" who played a central role in the creation of the new Iraqi state.
Download or read book The Campaign in Mesopotamia Vol I Official History of the Great War Other Theatres written by Brig Gen. F. J. Moberly and published by . This book was released on 2013-05 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of four volumes covering the campaign in "Mesop" (today's Irak) that was fought mainly by Indian Army troops... This volume opens with background on the geography of the country, the pre-war political scene, the Turks, the Indian Army and the inception of the opérations. The history of the campaign opens with the landing of Force "D" in Mesopotamia in November 1914, the occupation of Basra and capture of Qurna. It covers the defeat of the Turkish counter-offensive, the capture of Amara in June 1915 and on to the Battle of Kut in September, concluding with the situation at the beginning of October 1915.
Download or read book The Mesopotamian campaign written by Donald P. Carr and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The war in Mesopotamia is a classic case study in Strategy and Objectives, Military Warfare and Planning and Decision Making at their best and worst. The planning for the British campaign started many years before World War 1, but unlike the Schlieffen Plan, Plan 17, or Plan 19A, the plans for the initial campaign were well executed and achieved their desired result. The plan soon unravelled and it is here where the real value of the campaign can bear fruit. The lessons learned are salient today in the Persian Gulf as the Allied Coalition of twenty-eight nations squares off in the desert in Iraq. Although the hostilities are only weeks old, there is enough ' anecodtal' evidence for some analysis.
Download or read book The Campaign in Mesopotamia Vol III Official History of the Great War Other Theatres written by Anon and published by . This book was released on 2013-05 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third volume in the official four-volume history of the Mesopotamia (Iraq) campaign takes the story form May 1916 up to 30 April 1917, covering the battle of Kut-Al-Amara, the pursuit of the Turks, the occupation of Baghdad and the subsequent opérations around Baghdad... Operations here are described in detail, since this phase in the Mesopotamian campaign is the only instance of continuous, close-trench fighting. Appendices provide detailed British and Indian army order of battle information.
Download or read book The Bastard War written by A. J. Barker and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Campaign in Mesopotamia 1914 1918 written by Frederick James Moberly and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
