Download or read book The Mechanisms Behind Alternative Community States Understanding Producer Composition in Temporary and Semipermanent Wetlands written by Sigrid Smith and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many ecological communities, variation in composition appears discontinuous, in that a discrete set of community states (or distinct taxa assemblages) have been observed repeatedly in one ecosystem type. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain this discontinuous variation in community composition over space and time. I examined the applicability of these hypotheses to understand the structure of producer communities of temporary and semipermanent wetlands in Michigan, USA. I identified several distinct community states, with each characterized by dominance of particular functional groups (submerged, floating, or emergent plants) or the absence of plants throughout a season. I developed a framework for differentiating among these hypotheses by characterizing how community composition varies (1) over space, (2) over time, and (3) with possible drivers. I applied this framework to my survey data of the producer communities of wetlands over four years (n = 21-35 wetlands). I found that several environmental variables (pH, light, depth, and permanence) were associated with community composition based on multivariate analyses in these wetlands. Alternative stable states or interactions among several drivers were the most strongly supported explanations for the expression of multiple community states. I further examined factors driving dominance of free-floating plants in wetland producer communities in two additional studies. I evaluated the roles of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and N:P ratio in driving floating plant dominance in a separate survey dataset and in a field experiment. In the observational work, N, P, and N:P ratios all were associated with producer community composition. I manipulated the three variables in enclosures in two experimental ponds with floating and submerged plants. I found N supply rates drove these patterns more strongly than P and N:P. However, submerged plant composition and pH levels also affected floating plant responses. Finally, I evaluated the role of light in changing the response of floating plants to N. In my observational data, I found that submerged and emergent plants only dominated wetlands with open tree canopies, and that floating plants more consistently dominated systems at intermediate N levels when light availability was low. To investigate this relationship further, I manipulated light, N, and initial densities of floating plants in an outdoor mesocosm experiment with floating plants and algae. In this experiment, I found that floating plants exhibited a light x nutrient interaction. Competition with other plant groups and photoinhibition are discussed as possible mechanisms driving these patterns. In summary, a complex suite of environmental variables drives the expression of multiple community states in temporary and semipermanent wetlands. While there is some support for the hypothesis that nutrients and light drive alternative stable states between floating plants and other producers, several other variables play important roles in regulating dominance of floating plants as well.
Download or read book Ecosystem Services Derived from Wetland Conservation Practices in the United States Prairie Pothole Region with an Emphasis on the U S Department of Agriculture Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs written by Robert A. Gleason and published by Geological Survey (USGS). This book was released on 2008 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioindicators for Assessing Ecological Integrity of Prairie Wetlands written by Paul R. Adamus and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Communities of New Hampshire written by Daniel D. Sperduto and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wetlands of Kenya written by Steven G. Njuguna and published by IUCN. This book was released on 1992 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A source book for future research and management activities, these 20 papers cover wetland issues in Kenya and underline the need for a national wetland program.
Download or read book The Ecology and Management of Wetlands written by Donal D. Hook and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of a symposium held at the College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, 16-20 June 1986. The seed for this symposium arose from a group of physiologists , soU scientists and biochemists that met in Leningrad, USSR in July 1975 at the 12th Botanical Conference in a Session organized by Professor B.B. Vartepetian. This group and others later conspired to contribute to a book entitled Plant Life in Anaerobic Environments (eds. D. D. Hook and R. M. M. Crawford, Ann Arbor Science, 1978). Several contributors to the book suggested in 1983 that a broad-scoped symposium on wetlands would be useful (a) in facilitating communication among the diverse research groups involved in wetlands research (b) in bringing researchers and managers together and (c) in presenting a com prehensive and balanced coverage on the status of ecology ami management of wetlands from a global perspective. With this encouragement, the senior editor organized a Plan ning Committee that encompassed expertise from many disciplines of wetland scientists and managers. This Committee, with input from their colleagues around the world, organized a symposium that addressed almost every aspect of wetland ecology and management.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Wetlands written by Ralph W. Tiner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effectively Manage Wetland Resources Using the Best Available Remote Sensing TechniquesUtilizing top scientists in the wetland classification and mapping field, Remote Sensing of Wetlands: Applications and Advances covers the rapidly changing landscape of wetlands and describes the latest advances in remote sensing that have taken place over the pa
Download or read book Methods in Stream Ecology written by F. Richard Hauer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-04-27 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Stream Ecology, Second Edition, provides a complete series of field and laboratory protocols in stream ecology that are ideal for teaching or conducting research. This updated edition reflects recent advances in the technology associated with ecological assessment of streams, including remote sensing. In addition, the relationship between stream flow and alluviation has been added, and a new chapter on riparian zones is also included. The book features exercises in each chapter; detailed instructions, illustrations, formulae, and data sheets for in-field research for students; and taxanomic keys to common stream invertebrates and algae. With a student-friendly price, this book is key for all students and researchers in stream and freshwater ecology, freshwater biology, marine ecology, and river ecology. This text is also supportive as a supplementary text for courses in watershed ecology/science, hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, and landscape ecology. - Exercises in each chapter - Detailed instructions, illustrations, formulae, and data sheets for in-field research for students - Taxanomic keys to common stream invertebrates and algae - Link from Chapter 22: FISH COMMUNITY COMPOSITION to an interactive program for assessing and modeling fish numbers
Download or read book The Ecology of Bottomland Hardwood Swamps of the Southeast written by Charles H. Wharton and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Stormwater Management in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.
Download or read book Plant Associations of Region Two written by Barry C. Johnston and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Miombo in Transition written by Bruce Morgan Campbell and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Miombo woodlands and their use: overview and key issues. The ecology of miombo woodlands. Population biology of miombo tree. Miombo woodlands in the wider context: macro-economic and inter-sectoral influences. Rural households and miombo woodlands: use, value and management. Trade in woodland products from the miombo region. Managing miombo woodland. Institutional arrangements governing the use and the management of miombo woodlands. Miombo woodlands and rural livelihoods: options and opportunities.
Download or read book Hydrological Chemical and Biological Characteristics of a Prairie Pothole Wetland Complex Under Highly Variable Climate Conditions written by Thomas C. Winter and published by Geological Survey (USGS). This book was released on 2003 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology written by F Stuart Chapin III and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Features review questions at the end of each chapter; Includes suggestions for recommended reading; Provides a glossary of ecological terms; Has a wide audience as a textbook for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and as a reference for practicing scientists from a wide array of disciplines
Download or read book Wetlands Biodiversity and the Ramsar Convention written by A. J. Hails and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
