Download or read book The Mechanism and Management of Corneal Graft Rejection written by John Clifford Hill and published by Kugler Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic immunology relating to corneal graft rejection is presented in this book. All aspects of corneal graft rejection, from the historical perspective to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of corneal graft rejection, are discussed. The author includes controversial topics such as the roles of systemic immunosuppressant agents and tissue matching.

Download or read book Corneal Graft Failure written by Ruth Porter and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.

Download or read book Corneal Transplantation written by John V. Forrester and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Concise but comprehensive guidebook/handbook - Current and translational information - New concepts of rejection and tolerance - Multimedia display of microsurgical technique

Download or read book The Management of Corneal Graft Rejection written by John Clifford Hill and published by . This book was released on 1994* with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Foundations of Corneal Disease written by Kathryn Colby and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of cornea has seen tremendous advances over the last 40 years—this uniquely comprehensive book will discuss the history of these advances, current best practices in important diseases of the cornea and ocular surface, and examine future directions in diagnosis and management. Written by leading experts, many of whom trained under Claes Henrik Dohlman, MD, PhD, whose influence and many invaluable contributions have defined and shaped the field of cornea, each chapter will reflect the state of the art in the various aspects of cornea. Foundations of Corneal Disease: Past, Present, and Future contains six different sections, opening with an introduction which delves into the evolution of subspecialty training in cornea, and provides a historical perspective of our understanding of ocular surface disease. Section Two addresses perspectives on important corneal and external diseases including infectious keratitis, dry eye, and herpes simplex. Section Three and Section Four address surgery and surgical alternatives, and frontiers in corneal research. Section Six closes this book with a discussion of special topics: imaging the cornea, corneal blindness, eye banking, and clinical trials in dry eye, and explores future directions in this fast-paced field. Foundations of Corneal Disease: Past, Present, and Future contains is an ideal guide for corneal specialists, ophthalmology residents and fellows planning to enter cornea, corneal scientists, and to those in ophthalmology and visual science interested in a comprehensive resource on cornea and the history of this field.

Download or read book Mechanisms of Corneal Allograft Rejection written by Douglas J. Coster and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Dexamethsone Sodium Phosphate Loaded Nanoparticles for Treating Corneal Allograft Rejection written by Vineet R. Kulkarni and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corneas are the most commonly transplanted tissue worldwide, with approximately 80,000 transplantations performed in the United States in 2018 alone. Corneal transplantation is used to restore the vision due to opaque corneas in various diseases such as fungal keratitis, keratoconus, Fuchs's dystrophy, corneal ulceration, traumatic injury, abrasions or scarring, inflammation, and infection. Corneal transplant surgery could involve replacing the entire cornea (penetrating keratoplasty) or selective replacement of the corneal layers (e.g. Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty). Immunologic graft rejection is one of the main causes of graft failure in these corneal transplantations. The 2-year rejection rate for non-inflamed and avascular "low-risk" surgeries is approximately 10%, whereas it can be as high as 50% for "high-risk" corneal transplantations or patients who have a previous history of graft rejection or an inflamed bed. These eyes with rejected corneal transplants will require re-transplantation and become "high-risk" which has a much high rejection risk. Topical corticosteroids are the most commonly used immunosuppressive agents for postoperative management and treatment of corneal allograft rejections. These medications have a dosing frequency of up to 6-8 times per day for a period of time which even though tapered down further is associated with poor patient compliance that can lead to compromised efficacy. To address this issue, we developed biodegradable nanoparticles (NP) that can be administered by subconjunctival injection (SCT) at the time of surgery and provide sustained release of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP), thus potentially removing the compliance burden on patients. We employed a zinc chelation method between the carboxylic acid group on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and the phosphate group on DSP to encapsulate high content of water-soluble DSP into PLGA nanoparticles (DSP-NP), by nanoprecipitation-solvent diffusion method in the presence of Pluronic F127. My work focuses on the development and characterization of the optimized DSP-NP formulations that release DSP for up to 3 months suitable for long term in vivo corneal allograft rejection treatment. In the first part, the polymers used to prepare NP were fully characterized for their terminal carboxyl group content. We successfully used the potentiometric titration method to measure the terminal carboxyl content in PLGA and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymers with different molecular weights ( e.g. Mn 3.4, 10, and 34 kDa) and different terminal carboxyl groups (single or dual carboxyl groups). The potentiometric titration experiments revealed that there is a decrease in the free terminal carboxylic group content in the polymer with an increase in the MW for the polymers with the same terminal structure. It would lead the low MW polymers with more terminal carboxyl groups to have a higher drug loading capacity due to their higher capacity to chelate with DSP and Zn. In the second part, we carried out a systemic experiment to prepare various DSP-NP formulations using different polymers and different initial target drug loading, and then fully characterized DSP-NP formulations including particle size and distribution, surface charge, drug loading, drug encapsulation efficiency, and drug release profiles in vitro. The DSP-NP were discrete spherical particles with a relatively uniform particle size distribution (PDI values 0.2) and average particle size in 150 0́3 300 nm size range suitable for subconjunctival injection to the eye using fine gauge needles. They had a nearly neutral surface charge due to Pluronic F127 coating which were found to provide dense PEG coatings on biodegradable NP. Pluronic F127 is a triblock copolymer of polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide (PEO-PPO-PEO). The drug content in DSP-NP was found to increase with the increase of the initial target drug loading and reached a plateau of ~9% for PLGA-1COOH 3.4 kDa polymer when target drug loading is 30%. For PLA-1COOH3.2 kDa the drug content plateau occurred at a higher target drug loading 30% in comparison to PLGA-1COOH 3.4 kDa at a similar molecular weight. It indicates that more hydrophobic PLA-1COOH3.2 kDa showed a better drug loading as compared to PLGA-1COOH 3.4 kDa in the DSP-NP formulations. PLA-2COOH, a novel PLA polymer with dual terminal carboxylic groups, showed an improved drug loading profile as compared to conventional PLA-1COOH3.2 kDa polymer single carboxylic terminal group. Then, the DSP-NP formulations with 20% and 30% target drug loading for both PLGA and PLA were used for further in vitro drug release studies. We found that the duration of drug release can be extended by increasing polymer MW or increasing the ratio of lactic acid: glycolic acid in the polymer. PLA-1COOH3.2 kDa had a more prolonged release profile as compared to PLGA-1COOH 3.4 kDa and showed release for twice the amount of time. All DSP-NP formulations exhibited minimal burst release. In the third part, ICP-OES was used to determine the zinc content in the DSP-NP formulations to understand the mechanism of encapsulation of DSP into carboxyl-terminated PLGA/PLA nanoparticles using zinc chelation method. Quantification of zinc using ICP-OES revealed an approximate molar ratio of 1:1:1 for the 3 components (DSP, zinc, carboxyl groups) in the DSP-NP formulation with the plateau drug content, suggesting that DSP may be encapsulated into carboxyl-terminated PLGA through ion bridging of both phosphate group from DSP and COOH group from polymer with zinc ions at 1:1:1 molar ratio. Further investigations will be warranted to fully understand the drug encapsulation mechanism. In the overall conclusion, we efficiently encapsulated DSP in the polymeric nanoparticles using non-covalent zinc ion bridging between the carboxyl groups of the polymer and phosphate groups on DSP, along with dense PEG coating on the surface. DSP-NP were made with materials having a long history of safety which should facilitate translation to human use. Through the systemic formulation development and characterization, we optimized DSP-NP formulations and identified the lead formulation of PLA-2COOH6.5kDa DSP-NP that exhibited high drug content of ~11% and prolonged drug release up to 3 months in vitro, and it has been progressed to future in vivo efficacy study. The sustained drug release provided by DSP-NP may improve patient outcomes by enhancing compliance and improving efficacy for treatment of corneal graft rejection following subconjunctival (SCT ) administration.

Download or read book DSEK written by Francis W. Price and published by SLACK Incorporated. This book was released on 2009 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "DSEK: What You Need to Know About Endothelial Keratoplasty provides a comprehensive background of EK, where it is today, and where it is headed in the future. Francis W. Price, MD. who was the first to complete DSEK in the United States, along with Marianne Price, PhD, have designed this text to offer a special emphasis on how to perform surgeries along with preventing and managing complications. In addition, a diverse group of contributing authors provides a wide array of insights and tips for better patient outcomes."--BOOK JACKET.

Download or read book The Effector Mechanisms Mediating Corneal Allograft Rejection written by Sushma Hedge and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Textbook for Nurses written by Michelle Kenyon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-14 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This textbook, endorsed by the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), provides adult and paediatric nurses with a full and informative guide covering all aspects of transplant nursing, from basic principles to advanced concepts. It takes the reader on a journey through the history of transplant nursing, including essential and progressive elements to help nurses improve their knowledge and benefit the patient experience, as well as a comprehensive introduction to research and auditing methods. This new volume specifically intended for nurses, complements the ESH-EBMT reference title, a popular educational resource originally developed in 2003 for physicians to accompany an annual training course also serving as an educational tool in its own right. This title is designed to develop the knowledge of nurses in transplantation. It is the first book of its kind specifically targeted at nurses in this specialist field and acknowledges the valuable contribution that nursing makes in this area. This volume presents information that is essential for the education of nurses new to transplantation, while also offering a valuable resource for more experienced nurses who wish to update their knowledge.

Download or read book Pre Descemet s Endothelial Keratoplasty PDEK written by Amar Agarwal and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corneal transplantation is a widely practised surgical procedure. Lamellar techniques are favoured replacing penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) has been adapted as an alternative in the treatment of corneal endothelial disorders whereby Descemet’s membrane and the endothelium are replaced. Pre-Descemet’s endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK) is the latest surgical technique for corneal transplantation. This book is a step by step guide to PDEK for practising ophthalmologists. Divided into five sections, the text begins with the basics explaining corneal anatomy, pre-operative assessment, general techniques in keratoplasty, and the principles of PDEK. The following chapters discuss surgical techniques, special situations, and complications and results. The text covers numerous clinical scenarios and concludes with a section on miscellaneous topics such as OCT guided PDEK, eye bank preparation, and cosmetic iris implant complications. The text is further enhanced by surgical photographs and includes an interactive DVD ROM demonstrating PDEK techniques. Key points Step by step guide to Pre-Descemet’s endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK) Explains surgical techniques for numerous clinical scenarios Includes miscellaneous topics such as OCT guided PDEK and cosmetic iris implant complications Accompanying DVD ROM demonstrates PDEK techniques

Download or read book Rejection Mechanisms in Corneal Transplantation written by Howard M. Leibowitz and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report describes initial attempts to characterize the transplantation antigens of the cornea. Three protein fractions were isolated from the cornea. Each of these fractions has been shown to possess transplantation antigen activity as demonstrated by its ability to induce a specific sensitization resulting in the accelerated destruction of a subsequent corneal graft. These antigenic fractions are also capable of stimulating the production of humoral antibodies. However, the relationship between the transplantation immunity and the antibody response remains to be elaborated. (Author).

Download or read book Symposium on Suppression of Graft Rejection written by Calvin Hanna and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study of Immunological Mechanisms in Corneal Graft Failure written by Alan Lee MacDonald and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corneal Emergencies written by Bhavana Sharma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-03 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a comprehensive insight into various corneal emergencies along with their risk factors, causative agents, diagnostic pearls, treatment challenges and management options. It provides essential information on relevant anatomical and physiological aspects in addition to epidemiology and risk factors. Comprising of explanatory flow diagrams, diagnostic and treatment algorithms and high-quality illustrations, this book is written and edited by renowned corneal specialists who have come together to address this complex topic in a simple and effective manner. The book highlights an important aspect of cornea which is relevant for specialists and general ophthalmologists alike and also serves as an important resource for postgraduate students and trainees. It emphasizes on the practical management of corneal emergencies, supplemented with preferred practice patterns and guidelines. Additionally, the book serves as a quick reference for ophthalmic practitioners to adequately manage such cases at the point of first contact.

Download or read book How Ocular Surface Disorder Affected Corneal Graft Survival written by Sharita Siregar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocular surface is formed by three component tissues: The cornea, conjunctiva, and limbus all play an important role in keeping a good and clear corneal graft. As part of non-immunological reactions, glaucoma and ocular surface disorders can increase the possibility of corneal graft failure. For that reason, maintaining a healthy and moist ocular surface, depends on an intimate relationship between healthy ocular surface epithelia, the tear film, and the eyelid, which will all increase corneal graft survival. A moist conjunctiva composed of lymphatic tissue as our defense mechanism against infection, will keep the cornea avascular, remaining crystal clear, dehydrated, and protected. Ocular surface epithelium cannot survive without tears. To specified, each component tissue that forms the ocular surface is equally important. Several previous studies revealed that dry eye disease as a form of ocular surface disorders (OSD), can lead to graft rejection. To our knowledge, there are two conditions that cause dry eye syndrome. It can be caused by lipid tear deficiency or aqueous tear deficiency. The severity of dry eye also ranges widely with some mild inflammatory processes leading to severe chronic conditions (i.e., cicatrizing conjunctivitis) that are known to be an absolute contraindication for total or full penetrating keratoplasty. The basic immunological mechanism of dry eye, as one of the most forms of ocular surface disorders that altered corneal graft survival will be discussed specifically in this chapter.

Download or read book Organ Tissue Engineering written by Daniel Eberli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion of being able to engineer complete organs has inspired an entire generation of researchers. While recent years have brought significant progress in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, the immense challenges encountered when trying to engineer an entire organ have to be acknowledged. Despite a good understanding of cell phenotypes, cellular niches and cell-to-biomaterial interactions, the formation of tissues composed of multiple cells remains highly challenging. Only a step-by-step approach will allow the future production of a living tissue construct ready for implantation and to augment organ function. In this book, expert authors present the current state of this approach. It offers a concise overview and serves as a great starting point for anyone interested in the application of tissue engineering or regenerative medicine for organ engineering. Each chapter contains a short overview including physiological and pathological changes as well as the current clinical need. The potential cell sources and suitable biomaterials for each organ type are discussed and possibilities to produce organ-like structures are illustrated. The ultimate goal is for the generated small tissues to unfold their full potential in vivo and to serve as a native tissue equivalent. By integrating and evolving, these implants will form functional tissue in-vivo. This book discusses the desired outcome by focusing on well-defined functional readouts. Each chapter addresses the status of clinical translations and closes with the discussion of current bottlenecks and an outlook for the coming years. A successful regenerative medicine approach could solve organ shortage by providing biological substitutes for clinical use - clearly, this merits a collaborative effort.