Download or read book Fair Society Healthy Lives written by Michael Marmot and published by Olschki. This book was released on 2013 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The matter of economic evaluations in health policy decision making The case of the Swedish national guidelines for heart diseases written by Nathalie Eckard and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-11 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic evaluations are used to inform decision makers about the efficient allocation of scarce healthcare resources and are generated with the direct intent to support decisions in healthcare. Producing guidelines is a complex process and the inclusion of health-economic aspects in the formulation of the Swedish national guidelines as a basis for the written recommendations (priority gradings), distinguishes them from their European counterparts. Despite the increased use of cost-effectiveness data in decision-making, little is known about the actual use of such data. This thesis covers issues concerning how economic evaluations matter in health policy decision-making. The thesis includes four papers based on the Swedish national guidelines for heart diseases, one of the most prominent examples in Sweden of following the notion of evidence-based policy (EBP), in order to inform explicit priority setting. Both Papers I and II followed a qualitative case study design, based on the same data set. Paper I explored how a specific working group, the Priority Setting Group (PSG), handled the various forms of evidence and values when producing the national guidelines. Two themes were identified in reaching collective agreement in priority gradings; group facilitation activities and avoiding deadlock in the discussion. The work process involved disagreement and negotiation as part of that task. Paper I contributes to the theoretical and practical debate on EBP. Paper II focused on the use of cost-effectiveness data as decision support in the PSG work process. The paper addressed availability of cost-effectiveness data, evidence understanding, interpretation difficulties, and the reliance on evidence. Three themes were identified. The paper contributes to knowledge on how cost-effectiveness evidence was used in actual decision-making. The use of cost-effectiveness evidence was one of many tools employed to avoid deadlock in discussion and to reach a priority grading, when the overall evidence base was weak, in times of uncertainty and on the introduction of new expensive medical technologies. Quantitative research methods were used for both Papers III and IV. Paper III explored how the PSG was presented with cost-effectiveness evidence as decision support and as a basis for their priority gradings. Cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were provided, based on a systematic literature review, as well as how the results may be conveyed and communicated, for the treatment of heart diseases using a cost-effectiveness ranking or league and providing valid information within a limited space, aiding decision makers on the allocation of healthcare resources. The thesis also includes decision support in the form of cost-effectiveness analysis on catheter ablation treatment. Paper IV provides an example of presenting evidence in the form of a decision-analytic model. The modelling approach provides an analytic framework for decision-making, specifically under conditions of uncertainty as in the introduction of new medical technology. Catheter ablation was associated with reduced cost and an incremental gain in quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and was considered a cost-effective treatment strategy compared to the medical treatment strategy in a lifetime perspective.

Download or read book The Future of Public Health written by Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-15 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Nation has lost sight of its public health goals and has allowed the system of public health to fall into 'disarray'," from The Future of Public Health. This startling book contains proposals for ensuring that public health service programs are efficient and effective enough to deal not only with the topics of today, but also with those of tomorrow. In addition, the authors make recommendations for core functions in public health assessment, policy development, and service assurances, and identify the level of government--federal, state, and local--at which these functions would best be handled.

Download or read book Parliamentary Debates written by New Zealand. Parliament and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Health Gap written by Michael Marmot and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-10 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Punchily written ... He leaves the reader with a sense of the gross injustice of a world where health outcomes are so unevenly distributed' Times Literary Supplement 'Splendid and necessary' Henry Marsh, author of Do No Harm, New Statesman There are dramatic differences in health between countries and within countries. But this is not a simple matter of rich and poor. A poor man in Glasgow is rich compared to the average Indian, but the Glaswegian's life expectancy is 8 years shorter. The Indian is dying of infectious disease linked to his poverty; the Glaswegian of violent death, suicide, heart disease linked to a rich country's version of disadvantage. In all countries, people at relative social disadvantage suffer health disadvantage, dramatically so. Within countries, the higher the social status of individuals the better is their health. These health inequalities defy usual explanations. Conventional approaches to improving health have emphasised access to technical solutions – improved medical care, sanitation, and control of disease vectors; or behaviours – smoking, drinking – obesity, linked to diabetes, heart disease and cancer. These approaches only go so far. Creating the conditions for people to lead flourishing lives, and thus empowering individuals and communities, is key to reduction of health inequalities. In addition to the scale of material success, your position in the social hierarchy also directly affects your health, the higher you are on the social scale, the longer you will live and the better your health will be. As people change rank, so their health risk changes. What makes these health inequalities unjust is that evidence from round the world shows we know what to do to make them smaller. This new evidence is compelling. It has the potential to change radically the way we think about health, and indeed society.

Download or read book High Quality Care for All written by Secretary of State for Health and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2008 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review incorporates the views and visions of 2,000 clinicians and other health and social care professionals from every NHS region in England, and has been developed in discussion with patients, carers and the general public. The changes proposed are locally-led, patient-centred and clinically driven. Chapter 2 identifies the challenges facing the NHS in the 21st century: ever higher expectations; demand driven by demographics as people live longer; health in an age of information and connectivity; the changing nature of disease; advances in treatment; a changing health workplace. Chapter 3 outlines the proposals to deliver high quality care for patients and the public, with an emphasis on helping people to stay healthy, empowering patients, providing the most effective treatments, and keeping patients as safe as possible in healthcare environments. The importance of quality in all aspects of the NHS is reinforced in chapter 4, and must be understood from the perspective of the patient's safety, experience in care received and the effectiveness of that care. Best practice will be widely promoted, with a central role for the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in expanding national standards. This will bring clarity to the high standards expected and quality performance will be measured and published. The review outlines the need to put frontline staff in control of this drive for quality (chapter 5), with greater freedom to use their expertise and skill and decision-making to find innovative ways to improve care for patients. Clinical and managerial leadership skills at the local level need further development, and all levels of staff will receive support through education and training (chapter 6). The review recommends the introduction of an NHS Constitution (chapter 7). The final chapter sets out the means of implementation.

Download or read book Department of Health written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Committee of Public Accounts and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2012-11-06 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The percentage of the population diagnosed with diabetes doubled between 1994 and 2009 and is continuing to increase which could have a significant impact on NHS resources. Too many diabetic people are developing complications because they are not receiving the straightforward care and support they need. The Department estimates that 24,000 people with diabetes die prematurely each year because their diabetes has not been managed effectively and it's estimated 80% of the costs of diabetes in the NHS are attributable to the treatment and management of serious, yet avoidable, diabetic complications. These costs will continue to increase as the number of diabetic people rises as will premature deaths. The National Service Framework for Diabetes, 2001 set out minimum standards for good diabetes care, including nine basic care processes which check for the early signs of avoidable diabetic complications as well as treatment targets for the management of blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol to minimise the risk of diabetic complications developing. Progress in delivering these standards of care and in achieving treatment targets has been poor. There is no strong national leadership, no effective accountability arrangements for commissioners, and no appropriate performance incentives for providers. The Committee saw no evidence that the Department will ensure that these issues are addressed effectively in the new NHS structure. Variation in the level of progress across the NHS also means that there is an unacceptable "postcode lottery" of care

Download or read book English almanacs astrology and popular medicine 1550 1700 written by Louise Hill-Curth and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early modern almanacs have received relatively little academic attention over the years, despite being the first true form of British mass media. While their major purpose was to provide annual information about the movements of the stars and the corresponding effects on Earth, most contained a range of other material, including advice on preventative and remedial medicine for humans and animals. Based on the most extensive research to date into the relationship between the popular press, early modern medical beliefs and practices, this study argues that these cheap, annual booklets played a major role in shaping contemporary medical beliefs and practices in early modern England. Beginning with an overview of printed vernacular medical literature, the book examines in depth the genre of almanacs, their authors, target and actual audiences. It discusses the various types of medical information and advice in almanacs, preventative and remedial medicine for humans, as well as ‘non-commercial’ and ‘commercial’ medicines promoted in almanacs, and the under-explored topic of animal health care.

Download or read book Advancing the Human Right to Health written by José M. Zuniga and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancing the Human Right to Health offers a prospective on the global response to one of the greatest moral, legal, and public health challenges of the 21st century - achieving the human right to health as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and other legal instruments. Featuring writings by global thought-leaders in the world of health human rights, the book brings clarity to many of the complex clinical, ethical, economic, legal, and socio-cultural questions raised by injury, disease, and deeper determinants of health, such as poverty. Much more than a primer on the right to health, this book features an examination of profound inequalities in health, which have resulted in millions of people condemned to unnecessary suffering and hastened deaths. In so doing, it provides a thoughtful account of the right to health's parameters, strategies on ways in which to achieve it, and discussion of why it is so essential in a 21st century context. Country-specific case studies provide context for analysing the right to health and assessing whether, and to what extent, this right has influenced critical decision-making that makes a difference in people's lives. Thematic chapters also look at the specific challenges involved in translating the right to health into action. Advancing the Human Right to Health highlights the urgency to build upon the progress made in securing the right to health for all, offering a timely reminder that all stakeholders must redouble their efforts to advance the human right to health.

Download or read book Health Visiting E Book written by Patricia Burrows and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This popular book encompasses contemporary theory and practice relevant to effective health visiting across all four nations of the United Kingdom, now and into the future. Now in its third edition, the text has been completely rewritten and updated by new editors Patricia Burrows and Jean Cowie to reflect the many changes that have occurred as health visiting practice evolves. These include a strong focus on parental and child emotional and mental health wellbeing; speech, language and communication development for children; the impact of trauma and adverse childhood experiences; and the relevance of technology to health visiting practice. The book is strongly grounded in evidence and is suitable both for student health visitors as well as qualified practitioners wishing to further their practice and academic development. - Written by experts in their field and evidence-based throughout - Comprehensive coverage of all areas of health visiting to reflect the growing role of the health visitor - New practical focus on skills such as child assessment and effective communication - Case studies and practice examples to relate theory to practice - 'Thinking spaces' that enable practice reflection - Videos to make learning enjoyable

Download or read book Shale Gas Developments in England written by Anna Szolucha and published by Anna Szolucha. This book was released on 2021-09-13 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study documents and analyses the social impacts of fracking and natural gas developments across five locations in England. The primary data were derived from anthropological fieldwork, including interviews and observations, conducted over a period of four years, between 2016 and 2020. The objectives of this study were to: - document the lived experiences of those who lived, worked and protested in the vicinity of gas developments; - establish, analyse and compare the social impact of gas exploration projects across five different locations in England; - identify the affected and other relevant communities as well as any distributional inequalities across different groups of stakeholders; - explore the relationship between natural gas developments and social, psychological, health and political outcomes; - underscore the relevance of social impacts for determining any potential unconventional gas developments and political decision-making in the UK.

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Download or read book R for Health Data Science written by Ewen Harrison and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-31 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this age of information, the manipulation, analysis, and interpretation of data have become a fundamental part of professional life; nowhere more so than in the delivery of healthcare. From the understanding of disease and the development of new treatments, to the diagnosis and management of individual patients, the use of data and technology is now an integral part of the business of healthcare. Those working in healthcare interact daily with data, often without realising it. The conversion of this avalanche of information to useful knowledge is essential for high-quality patient care. R for Health Data Science includes everything a healthcare professional needs to go from R novice to R guru. By the end of this book, you will be taking a sophisticated approach to health data science with beautiful visualisations, elegant tables, and nuanced analyses. Features Provides an introduction to the fundamentals of R for healthcare professionals Highlights the most popular statistical approaches to health data science Written to be as accessible as possible with minimal mathematics Emphasises the importance of truly understanding the underlying data through the use of plots Includes numerous examples that can be adapted for your own data Helps you create publishable documents and collaborate across teams With this book, you are in safe hands – Prof. Harrison is a clinician and Dr. Pius is a data scientist, bringing 25 years’ combined experience of using R at the coal face. This content has been taught to hundreds of individuals from a variety of backgrounds, from rank beginners to experts moving to R from other platforms.

Download or read book A Matter of Life and Death written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Work Life 2000 Yearbook 1 1999 written by Richard Ennals and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New technologies and the growing flow of information create new conditions for individuals who use these technologies in the workplace. The existence and application of modern IT systems can result in new forms of work, tasks that have actually emerged as a result of modern computer and other systems. This first Work Life 2000 Yearbook contains the proceedings of European workshops, organised by the Swedish National Institute for Working Life. These workshops illuminate many different aspects of working life in many nations.

Download or read book The Politics of Health Policy Reform in the UK written by Calum Paton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the politics of thirty years of ‘market reform’ in the English NHS, with the rest of the UK a counter-factual. Paton shows how each subsequent reform has been shaped by the confusion left by the previous reform. The long-term ideology has been anti-statist but policy-making at each stage of ‘reform’ has been driven by short-term politics. The outcome in England has been ever-increasing complexity in the NHS, with significantly increased management costs and no commensurate benefit.

Download or read book A Practical Guide to Teaching Science in the Secondary School written by Douglas P. Newton and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-16 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Practical Guide to Teaching Science in the Secondary School is designed to support student teachers as they develop their teaching skills and increase their broader knowledge and understanding for teaching science. It offers straightforward advice and inspiration on key topics such as planning, assessment, practical work, the science classroom, and on to the broader aspects of teaching science. This thoroughly updated second edition reflects on new expectations, requirements, and practices in science teaching, with chapters exploring key and contemporary topics such as: The nature of science and scientific argument The various kinds of thinking emphasised in science and how to exercise them How to engage students in learning Assessment for and of learning Diverse needs and how to meet them The use of technology to support teaching and learning Learning at a distance Designed to be used independently or alongside the popular textbook Learning to Teach Science in the Secondary School, this book is packed with revised and updated case studies, examples of pupils' work, and resources and activities in every chapter. It provides everything trainee and early career teachers need to reflect on and develop their teaching practice, helping them to plan lessons across the subject in a variety of teaching situations.