Download or read book The Luminosity of Distant Galaxies written by Bruno Bertotti and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studying Distant Galaxies A Handbook Of Methods And Analyses written by Francois Hammer and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distant galaxies encapsulate the various stages of galaxy evolution and formation from over 95% of the development of the universe. As early as twenty-five years ago, little was known about them, however since the first systematic survey was completed in the 1990s, increasing amounts of resources have been devoted to their discovery and research. This book summarises for the first time the numerous techniques used for observing, analysing, and understanding the evolution and formation of these distant galaxies.In this rapidly expanding research field, this text is an every-day companion handbook for graduate students and active researchers. It provides guidelines in sample selection, imaging, integrated spectroscopy and 3D spectroscopy, which help to avoid the numerous pitfalls of observational and analysis techniques in use in extragalactic astronomy. It also paves the way for establishing relations between fundamental properties of distant galaxies. At each step, the reader is assisted with numerous practical examples and ready-to-use methodology to help understand and analyse research.François Hammer worked initially in general relativity and made the first modelling of gravitational lenses prior to their spectroscopic confirmation. Following this, he became co-leader of the first complete survey of distant galaxies, the Canada-France-Redshift Survey. This led to the discovery of the strong decrease of the cosmic star formation density measured from UV light as z=1, which, alongside Hector Flores, they confirmed as bolometric and dust independent. With Mathieu Puech, they then pioneered the 3D spectroscopy of distant galaxies, leading to a major increase of understanding of the dynamic state of distant galaxies evidenced by the scatter of the Tully-Fisher relation. This led them to propose, with the addition to the team of Myriam Rodrigues, that galactic disks may survive or be rebuilt in gas-rich mergers, a scenario that is consistent with contemporary cosmological simulations. Besides extensive observational experience, the authors have led, or are leading, several instruments implemented or to be implemented at the largest telescopes, including VLT/Giraffe, VLT/X-shooter, VLT/MOONS and E-ELT/MOSAIC. They have also developed several observational techniques in adaptive optics, and in sky subtraction for integral field units and fibre instruments.
Download or read book The Physics and Astronomy of Galaxies and Cosmology written by Paul W. Hodge and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problems, review and discussion questions
Download or read book The Evolution of Galaxies written by José M. Vilchez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Galaxies have a history. This has become clear from recent sky surveys showing that distant galaxies, formed early in the life of the Universe, differ from the nearby ones. This book contains the proceedings of a 2000 conference addressing observational clues in this area.
Download or read book The First Galaxies in the Universe written by Abraham Loeb and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, self-contained introduction to one of the most exciting frontiers in astrophysics today: the quest to understand how the oldest and most distant galaxies in our universe first formed. Until now, most research on this question has been theoretical, but the next few years will bring about a new generation of large telescopes that promise to supply a flood of data about the infant universe during its first billion years after the big bang. This book bridges the gap between theory and observation. It is an invaluable reference for students and researchers on early galaxies. The First Galaxies in the Universe starts from basic physical principles before moving on to more advanced material. Topics include the gravitational growth of structure, the intergalactic medium, the formation and evolution of the first stars and black holes, feedback and galaxy evolution, reionization, 21-cm cosmology, and more. Provides a comprehensive introduction to this exciting frontier in astrophysics Begins from first principles Covers advanced topics such as the first stars and 21-cm cosmology Prepares students for research using the next generation of large telescopes Discusses many open questions to be explored in the coming decade
Download or read book Supermassive Black Holes in the Distant Universe written by A.J. Barger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quasars, and the menagerie of other galaxies with "unusual nuclei", now collectively known as Active Galactic Nuclei or AGN, have, in one form or another, sparked the interest of astronomers for over 60 years. The only known mechanism that can explain the staggering amounts of energy emitted by the innermost regions of these systems is gravitational energy release by matter falling towards a supermassive black hole --- a black hole whose mass is millions to billions of times the mass of our Sun. AGN emit radiation at all wavelengths. X-rays originating at a distance of a few times the event horizon of the black hole are the emissions closest to the black hole that we can detect; thus, X-rays directly reveal the presence of active supermassive black holes. Oftentimes, however, the supermassive black holes that lie at the centers of AGN are cocooned in gas and dust that absorb the emitted low energy X-rays and the optical and ultraviolet light, hiding the black hole from view at these wavelengths. Until recently, this low-energy absorption presented a major obstacle in observational efforts to map the accretion history of the universe. In 1999 and 2000, the launches of the Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray Observatories finally broke the impasse. The impact of these observatories on X-ray astronomy is similar to the impact that the Hubble Space Telescope had on optical astronomy. The astounding new data from these observatories have enabled astronomers to make enormous advances in their understanding of when accretion occurs.
Download or read book Nebulae Star Clusters Galaxies written by Wolfgang Steinicke and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nebulae, star clusters, and galaxies are outside our solar system. They belong to the 'deep sky' and lead the observer to great distances and at the same time the view goes far into the past. The light of the most distant galaxies took billions of years to reach us. No less fascinating is our home galaxy, the Milky Way, offering many bright nebulae and star clusters. The book covers three important topics related to deep-sky objects: history, astrophysics, and observation. When beginners observe an object visually, not knowing anything about it, they will only perceive a faint spot of light - nothing really exciting. So, to get the right 'cosmic' feeling, the view should be enriched with stories about the object's discovery, distance, physical nature, or evolution. Supplied with this kind of information, deep-sky observing becomes a fascinating activity - braving the cold and darkness. Over time, advanced fields such as observation techniques or astrophotography come into play. The book informs the reader about all these topics and offers a comprehensive collection of interesting targets.
Download or read book Wide Field Spectroscopy And The Distant Universe Proceedings Of The 35th Herstmonceux Conference written by S Maddox and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-05-31 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Galaxies represent the most readily visible fabric of the cosmos. Their morphological types, luminosities and environmental surroundings contain valuable clues as to their origin and evolution. Locally, a strong correlation is seen between galaxy morphology and environmental location; this may have been molded at surprisingly modest redshifts. Spectroscopic and photometric studies of deep fields also suggest remarkably recent changes in the galaxy population. The associated growth of structure during the same interval can be tracked via X-ray studies of distant clusters of galaxies.Very recently, impressive observational facilities have been completed, each of which has extended the astronomers' dataset to look-back times where such evolutionary effects can be studied.This volume discusses surveys which share a common theme — the need for a large number of ground-based spectra. It focuses on the various approaches via a single theme concerned with the evolution of galaxies and their distribution. In the near future, impressive new observational facilities will be able to generate large statistical spectroscopic surveys, and the aim of this volume is to assess the scientific impact that ongoing and future spectroscopic surveys can make. Emphasis is placed on the role of non-optical and satellite facilities and the co-ordination of international efforts.
Download or read book Fundamental Questions of Practical Cosmology written by Yurij Baryshev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-15 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book guides readers (astronomers, physicists, and university students) through central questions of Practical Cosmology, a term used by the late Allan Sandage to denote the modern scientific endeavor to find the cosmological model best describing the universe of galaxies, its geometry, size, age, and matter composition. The authors draw on their personal experience in astrophysics and cosmology to explain key concepts of cosmology, both observational and theoretical, and to highlight several items which give cosmology its special character. These highlighted items are: Ideosyncratic features of the “cosmic laboratory”, Malmquist bias in the determination of cosmic distances, Theory of gravitation as a cornerstone of cosmological models, Crucial tests for checking the reality of space expansion, Methods of analyzing the structures of the universe as mapped by galaxies, Usefulness of fractals as a model to describe the large-scale structure and new cosmological physics inherent in the Friedmann world model.
Download or read book Galaxies at High Redshift written by I. Pérez-Fournon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-20 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents lectures of the XI Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics written by experts in the field.
Download or read book Galaxy Formation and Evolution written by Hyron Spinrad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-29 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Astronomical Life – Observing the Depths of the Universe” Though science as a subject can be di?cult, what has been more important for me is that its practice can also be rewarding fun! This book is crafted to expose the reader to the excitement of modern observational cosmology through the study of galaxy evolution over space and cosmic time. Recent extragalactic research has led to many rapid advances in the ?eld. Even a suitable skeptic of certain pronouncements about the age and structure of the Universe should be pleased with the large steps that have been taken in furthering our understanding of the Universe since the early 1990’s. My personal involvement in galaxy research goes back to the 1960’s. At that point, galaxies were easily recognized and partially understood as organized c- lections of stars and gas. What their masses were presented a problem, which I supposed would just fade away. But fade it didn’t. Distant active nuclei and quasars were discovered in the mid-1960’s. A c- mon view of QSOs was that they have large redshifts, but what use are they for cosmology or normal galaxy astrophysics? I shared that conclusion. My expec- tions fell below their potential utility. In short, the Universe of our expectations rarely matches the Universe as it is discovered.
Download or read book The Farthest Things in the Universe written by Jay M. Pasachoff and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-10-13 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 1994, examines the excitement and challenge of studying the most distant and powerful objects.
Download or read book The Extragalactic Distance Scale written by Space Telescope Science Institute (U.S.). Symposium and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-06-28 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the hottest debates in astronomy and cosmology today concerns the value of the Hubble constant. This constant is of paramount importance since it fixes the size and age of the Universe. At a symposium at the Space Telescope Science Institute, experts from around the world presented the latest results from a plethora of techniques for determining the Hubble constant. The value has always been controversial, but at this meeting experts' results agreed for the first time to within about 20%. Based on the meeting, this book presents twenty-three specially written review articles. They provide a comprehensive account of the Hubble-constant debate with the latest results from gravitational lensing, supernovae and novae, the Tully-Fisher relation, the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, globular clusters, planetary nebulae, light echoes, and the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project. This timely volume provides a standard reference for graduate students and researchers in astronomy and cosmology.
Download or read book An Introduction to Galaxies and Cosmology written by David John Adams and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-05-31 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory textbook has been designed by a team of experts for elementary university courses in astronomy and astrophysics. It starts with a detailed discussion of the structure and history of our own Galaxy, the Milky Way, and goes on to give a general introduction to normal and active galaxies including models for their formation and evolution. The second part of the book provides an overview of the wide range of cosmological models and discusses the Big Bang and the expansion of the Universe. Written in an accessible style that avoids complex mathematics, and illustrated in colour throughout, this book is suitable for self-study and will appeal to amateur astronomers as well as undergraduate students. It contains numerous helpful learning features such as boxed summaries, student exercises with full solutions, and a glossary of terms. The book is also supported by a website hosting further teaching materials.
Download or read book Nearly Normal Galaxies written by Sandra M. Faber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is sometimes said that astronomy is the crossroads of physics. In the same spirit, it can forcefully be argued that galaxies are the crossroads of astronomy. Internal pro ces ses within galaxies involve all of the fundamental components of astrophysics: stellar evolution, star formation, low-density astrophysics, dynamics, hydrodynamics, and high-energy astrophysics. Indeed, one can hardly name an observational datum in any wavelength range on any kind of celestial object that does not provide a useful clue to galaxy formation and evolution. Although internal processes in galaxies until recently occupied most of our attention, we now know that it is also vital to relate galaxies to their environment. How galaxies congregate in larger structures and are in turn influenced by them are crucial questions for galactic evolution. On a grander level we have also come to regard galaxies as the basic building blocks of the universe, the basic units whereby the large scale structure of the universe is apprehended and quantified. On a grander level still, we also believe strongly that galaxies are the direct descendents of early density irregularities in the Big Bang. Galaxy properties are now viewed as providing a crucial constraint on the physics of the Big Bang and a vital link between the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the universe.
Download or read book Galaxies and the Cosmic Frontier written by William Howard Waller and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring the latest observations and most compelling theories, this book provides a firm foundation for exploring the more speculative reaches of our current understanding."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book High Redshift Galaxies written by Immo Appenzeller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-17 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high-redshift galaxies became a distinct research ?eld during the ?nal decade of the20thcentury. AtthattimetheLyman-breaktechniquemadeitpossibletoidentify signi?cant samples of such objects, and the new generation of 8 to 10-m telescopes resulted in ?rst good spectroscopic data. Today the high-redshift galaxies have developed into one of the important topics of astrophysics, accounting for about 5–10% of the publications in the major scienti?c journals devoted to astronomy. Because high-redshift galaxies is a rapidly developing ?eld and since new results are published constantly, writing a book on this topic is challenging. On the other hand, in view of the large amount of individual results now in the literature, and in view of the still growing interest in this topic, it appears worthwhile to summarize and evaluate the available data and to provide an introduction for those who wish to enter this ?eld, or who, for various reasons, might be interested in its results. The end of the ?rst decade of the 21st century appears to be a good point in time to attempt such a summary. The current generation of ground-based 8 to 10-m - optical telescopes, the Hubble Space Telescope, and the most important large radio telescopes have by now been in operation since about one or two decades. Although these instruments will continue to produce important scienti?c results for some time to come, many of the initial programs exploiting their unique new possibilities have been completed.
