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Book The Lost Worlds of Earth and Mars

Download or read book The Lost Worlds of Earth and Mars written by William R Saunders and published by . This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The original book, written long ago, existed, but its sight is hidden from the searcher and the thinker. - The Maya Popol Vuh Over the last half century, an abundance of evidence has been put forward to indicate a highly advanced civilization once existed on planet Earth. The Lost Worlds of Earth and Mars presents the ultimate proof. But, did this civilization evolve on Earth, or did beings from another world create that civilization? Cultures around the world claim their ancestors descended from the heavens. Why should we not believe them? In this book you will see images from NASA, the European Space Agency and Google Earth that present some of the history and mythology of those civilizations. The documentation of the mythology is presented in the motif of half, bifurcated and profile images contained in rock formations or geoglyphs. The motif is that used by the Olmec and Maya civilizations in presenting some of their religious and mythological symbols and beliefs. Similar depictions have been found on Earth, the moon and Mars. They are there for us to see, but hidden from the searcher and the thinker.

Book Lost Worlds on Mars

    Book Details:
  • Author : Dylan Clearfield
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2017-05-05
  • ISBN : 9780930472214
  • Pages : 156 pages

Download or read book Lost Worlds on Mars written by Dylan Clearfield and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-05 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astro-archaeology of Mars, exploring alien and past civilizations on the red planet.

Book MARS AND THE LOST PLANET MAN

Download or read book MARS AND THE LOST PLANET MAN written by Lou Baldin and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our solar system seems relatively peaceful from our perch here on Earth, however, that is far from reality. The star at the center of our existence has witnessed battles over planets and moons since the early stirrings of life on most of the planets in the system, countless millions of years in the past.

Book The Lost Worlds of Cronus

Download or read book The Lost Worlds of Cronus written by Colin Kapp and published by Gateway. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury Shell, Venus Shell, Earth, Mars, Asteroid, Jupiter, Saturn. Each shell concentric, studded with artificial planets, each planet embedded in its shell, spinning like a ball-bearing. The whole Zeus-created in the service of Man but now beyond his control. Now mathematics and space physics, converging, suggested another shell, its existence hidden from Man. A shell of utter darkness, cold and silence where only extreme mutants could survive. To find that shell, the three were journeying again: Maq Ancor, Master Assassin, Magician Cherry and Sine Anura, Mistress of the Erotic. Together, daring the all-seeing, all-sensing hostility of Zeus.

Book The Mars Mystery

    Book Details:
  • Author : Graham Hancock
  • Publisher : Crown
  • Release : 2010-08-11
  • ISBN : 0307557790
  • Pages : 472 pages

Download or read book The Mars Mystery written by Graham Hancock and published by Crown. This book was released on 2010-08-11 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An asteroid transformed Mars from a lush planet with rivers and oceans into a bleak and icy hell. Is Earth condemned to the same fate, or can we protect ourselves and our planet from extinction? In his most riveting and revealing book yet, Graham Hancock examines the evidence that the barren Red Planet was once home to a lush environment of flowing rivers, lakes, and oceans. Could Mars have sustained life and civilization? Megaliths found on the parched shores of Cydonia, a former Martian ocean, mirror the geometrical conventions of the pyramids at Egypt's Giza necropolis. Especially startling is a Sphinx-like structure depicting a face with distinguishable diadem, teeth, mouth and an Egyptian-style headdress. Might there be a connection between the structures of Egypt and those of Mars? Why does NASA continue to dismiss these remarkable anomalies as "a trick of light"? Hancock points to the intriguing possibility that ancient Martian civilization is communicating with us through the remarkable structures it left behind. In exploring the possible traces left by the Martian civilization and the cosmic cataclysm that may have ended it, The Mars Mystery is both an illumination of our ancient past and a warning--that we still have time to heed--about our ultimate fate.

Book Lost Mars

    Book Details:
  • Author : Mike Ashley
  • Publisher : University of Chicago Press
  • Release : 2018-10-19
  • ISBN : 022657511X
  • Pages : 305 pages

Download or read book Lost Mars written by Mike Ashley and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-10-19 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A “thoroughly enjoyable” collection of stories imagining the Red Planet during the golden age of science fiction, from an award-winning anthologist (Kirkus Reviews). An antique-shop owner gets a glimpse of the Red Planet through an intriguing artifact. A Martian’s wife contemplates the possibility of life on Earth. A resident of Venus describes his travels across the two alien planets. From an arid desert to an advanced society far superior to Earth’s, portrayals of Mars have differed radically in their attempts to uncover the truth about our neighboring planet. Since the 1880s, after an astronomer described “channels” on its surface, writers have speculated endlessly on what life on Mars might look like and what might happen should we make contact with its inhabitants. This collection offers ten wildly imaginative stories by famed authors like H.G. Wells, Ray Bradbury, and J.G. Ballard as well as hard-to-find selections by unjustly forgotten writers of the genre. Introduced by acclaimed anthologist Mike Ashley, they vividly evoke a time when notions of life on other planets—from vegetation and water to space invaders and utopian societies—were new and startling. As we continue to imagine landing people on Mars, these stories represent gripping and vivid dispatches from futurists past. “[A] superlative set of stories. . . . Vibrant and powerful.” —Locus “These stories are of the highest quality and illustrate how our evolving understanding of the Red Planet changed the way we wrote about it and how Mars came to occupy a prominent position in our hopes, dreams, and fears as the modern age dawned and grew.” —Booklist

Book Lost Worlds

    Book Details:
  • Author : Roger McKasson
  • Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Release : 2016-08-25
  • ISBN : 9781535206396
  • Pages : 292 pages

Download or read book Lost Worlds written by Roger McKasson and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-08-25 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is volume three of "The BOX Series". Science Fiction author, Cara Van Dyck, explores the hidden lost civilizations of the past that mainstream science ignores. She discovers what could be an ancient Mars/Human Connection in the very distant past that could affect humans today. If you are a fan of books or television programs about Extraterrestrials, Lost Worlds, Mars, and Ancient Aliens, you will probably love this book! A recent episode of Ancient Aliens, paralleled the premise of this book and others in "The BOX Series"!

Book Sci Fi Boxed Set  160  Space Adventures  Lost Worlds  Dystopian Novels   Apocalyptic Tales

Download or read book Sci Fi Boxed Set 160 Space Adventures Lost Worlds Dystopian Novels Apocalyptic Tales written by Jules Verne and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-12-02 with total page 13570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 'Sci-Fi Boxed Set: 160+ Space Adventures, Lost Worlds, Dystopian Novels & Apocalyptic Tales' represents an unparalleled amalgamation of literary brilliance spanning several centuries, embracing a myriad of voices that have shaped the science fiction genre. With works ranging from the pioneering speculative visions of Mary Shelley and H.G. Wells to the complex dystopias of Ayn Rand and Kurt Vonnegut, this collection showcases a breathtaking diversity in storytelling and thematic exploration. The assemblage stands out for its incorporation of early sci-fi novellas that paved the way for modern science fiction, alongside seminal apocalyptic narratives that question the very essence of humanity and our place in the universe. Standout pieces delve into uncharted galaxies, unravel dystopian societies, and craft tales of lost worlds with an imaginative fervor that continues to inspire and challenge the literary canon. The contributing authors and editors, drawn from various epochs and cultures, bring with them a rich tapestry of backgrounds, each contributing uniquely to the tapestry of science fiction. Icons like Edgar Allan Poe and Philip K. Dick are presented alongside lesser-known but equally influential figures such as Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain and Gertrude Barrows Bennett, offering insights into the genre's evolution and its intersections with historical, cultural, and literary movements. This diverse authorship ensures a multifaceted exploration of themes such as colonialism, technological innovation, and existential risk, presenting a comprehensive narrative of humanitys hopes, fears, and philosophical inquiries. This collection is an indispensable treasure trove for anyone seeking to delve into the depths of science fiction, offering an unprecedented opportunity to engage with the genre's evolution from its inception to contemporary times. Readers are invited to embark on a journey through time and space, exploring the farthest reaches of human imagination and the myriad ways in which these visions of the future reflect our current realities. The 'Sci-Fi Boxed Set' is not merely a compilation of stories; it is a dialogue between generations of storytellers, a scholarly expedition into the heart of speculative fiction, and a compelling invitation to ponder what lies beyond the known universe.

Book Lost Mars

    Book Details:
  • Author : Michael Ashley
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2018
  • ISBN : 9780712352406
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Lost Mars written by Michael Ashley and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "I was suddenly struck with the sight of a trail of rich red vegetation of several miles in the midst of the eternal snows. I approached with curiosity this oasis in the frozen desert. An antique shop owner gets a glimpse of the red planet through an intriguing artefact. A Martian's wife contemplates the possibility of life on Earth. A resident of Venus describes his travels across the two alien planets. From an arid desert to an advanced society far superior to that of Earth, portrayals of Mars have differed radically in their attempt to uncover the truth about our neighbouring planet. Since the 1880s, writers of science fiction have delighted in speculating on what life on Mars might look like and what might happen should we make contact with the planet's inhabitants. These ten short stories from the golden age of science fiction feature classic SF writers including H.G. Wells, Ray Bradbury and J.G. Ballard, as well as lesser-known writers from the genre. They reveal much about how we understand our place in the universe. Lost Mars: The Golden Age of the Red Planet is the first volume in the British Library Science Fiction Classics series"--Provided by publisher.

Book Sci Fi Ultimate Collection  160  Space Adventures  Lost Worlds  Dystopian Novels   Post Apocalyptic Tales

Download or read book Sci Fi Ultimate Collection 160 Space Adventures Lost Worlds Dystopian Novels Post Apocalyptic Tales written by H. G. Wells and published by e-artnow. This book was released on 2018-12-21 with total page 15175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Musaicum Books presents to you this unique SF collection, designed and formatted to the highest digital standards and adjusted for readability on all devices. E. M. Forster: The Machine Stops Richard Jefferies: After London Richard Stockham: Perchance to Dream Irving E. Cox: The Guardians Philip F. Nowlan: Armageddon–2419 A.D… George Griffith: The Angel of the Revolution… Percy Greg: Across the Zodiac David Lindsay: A Voyage to Arcturus Edward E. Hale: The Brick Moon Stanley G. Weinbaum: A Martian Odyssey… Abraham Merritt The Moon Pool… Edgar Wallace: The Green Rust… H. Beam Piper: Terro-Human Future History… Garrett P. Serviss: The Sky Pirate… Philip K. Dick: Second Variety… Jules Verne: Journey to the Center of the Earth H. G. Wells: The Time Machine Edgar Allan Poe: A Descent into the Maelstrom… Mary Shelley: Frankenstein… Edwin A. Abbott: Flatland Jack London: Iron Heel… R. L. Stevenson: Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde George MacDonald: Lilith H. Rider Haggard: King Solomon's Mines She William H. Hodgson: The Night Land… Edward Bellamy: Looking Backward… Mark Twain: A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court Arthur Conan Doyle: The Lost World… Edgar Rice Burroughs Pellucidar Series Caspak Series Francis Bacon: New Atlantis C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne: The Lost Continent Margaret Cavendish: The Blazing World Jonathan Swift: Gulliver's Travels William Morris: News from Nowhere Samuel Butler: Erewhon Edward Bulwer-Lytton: The Coming Race James F. Cooper: The Monikins Charlotte P. Gilman: Herland Ayn Rand: Anthem Owen Gregory: Meccania the Su...

Book Atlantis and Other Lost Worlds

Download or read book Atlantis and Other Lost Worlds written by Robert Snedden and published by Gareth Stevens Publishing LLLP. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many have an enduring fascination for mythical lost realms like Atlantis—because they don’t believe they’re entirely mythical! Documented evidence supports that some ancient stories of lost worlds are grounded in truth. This adventurous volume delves into the most celebrated legendary civilizations and cities, beginning with Atlantis, but also including Camelot, El Dorado, and Lemuria. It examines where the lore may have originated, whether rooted in world history or outlandishly fun extraterrestrial theories. Readers can use all the evidence, supported by creative images and real-life photographs, to decide what they believe about each tale.

Book Sci Fi Ultimate Collection  170  Space Adventures  Dystopian Novels   Lost World Classics

Download or read book Sci Fi Ultimate Collection 170 Space Adventures Dystopian Novels Lost World Classics written by Jules Verne and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-12-02 with total page 12917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 'Sci-Fi Ultimate Collection: 170+ Space Adventures, Dystopian Novels & Lost World Classics' stands as a testament to the vast and varied universe of science fiction, encapsulating the ingenuity and diversity of thought from the 19th to the early 20th centuries. This anthology spans a range of literary styles from the exploratory whims of Jules Verne to the dark, introspective narratives of H.P. Lovecraft, and the socio-political commentaries of H.G. Wells and George Orwell offering a broad view of the thematic concerns and stylistic evolutions within the genre. Notably, it includes landmark pieces that have defined and expanded the boundaries of speculative fiction, exploring themes of dystopia, utopia, cosmic horror, and science as both salvation and doom, thereby providing a comprehensive overview of the genre's development and its reflection of societal anxieties and aspirations. The contributing authors and editors, each distinguished by their own unique contributions to literature and thought, bring a rich tapestry of background, perspective, and cultural context to the anthology. From the pioneering speculative visions of Mary Shelley, whose 'Frankenstein' laid the groundwork for scientific fiction as a critical mirror to society, to the sophisticated social critiques embedded in the works of Aldous Huxley and Sinclair Lewis, the collection is a convergence of voices that have not only defined but also challenged their contemporary sociopolitical paradigms. By aligning with various historical, cultural, and literary movements, these authors collectively amplify the anthology's exploration of human nature, progress, and the infinitely expanding boundaries of the unknown. 'Readers seeking not just entertainment but also a deep cultural and philosophical engagement with science fiction as a genre will find the 'Sci-Fi Ultimate Collection' an invaluable resource. This anthology affords a unique opportunity to experience the breadth and depth of speculative fiction through the eyes of its most iconic figures. It invites readers to traverse time and space, to challenge their preconceptions, and to engage in a dialogue with the past, understanding how past generations envisioned the future. For anyone interested in the evolution of science fiction and its role in critiquing, reflecting, and shaping societal views, this collection is an indispensable compendium, illuminating the myriad ways in which the genre has captivated the human imagination.

Book Destination Mars

    Book Details:
  • Author : Rod Pyle
  • Publisher : Prometheus Books
  • Release : 2012-04-24
  • ISBN : 1616145900
  • Pages : 455 pages

Download or read book Destination Mars written by Rod Pyle and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the next decade, NASA, by itself and in collaboration with the European Space Agency, is planning a minimum of four separate missions to Mars. Clearly, exciting times are ahead for Mars exploration. This is an insider’s look into the amazing projects now being developed here and abroad to visit the legendary red planet. Drawing on his contacts at NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the author provides stunning insights into the history of Mars exploration and the difficulties and dangers of traveling there. After an entertaining survey of the human fascination with Mars over the centuries, the author offers an introduction to the geography, geology, and water processes of the planet. He then briefly describes the many successful missions by NASA and others to that distant world. But failure and frustration also get their due. As the author makes clear, going to Mars is not, and never will be, easy. Later in the book, he describes in detail what each upcoming mission will involve. In the second half of the book, he offers the reader a glimpse inside the world of Earth-based "Mars analogs," places on Earth where scientists are conducting research in hostile environments that are eerily "Martian." Finally, he constructs a probable scenario of a crewed expedition to Mars, so that readers can see how earlier robotic missions and human Earth simulations will fit together. All this is punctuated by numerous firsthand interviews with some of the finest Mars explorers of our day, including Stephen Squyres (Mars Exploration Rover), Bruce Murray (former director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory), and Peter Smith (chief of the Mars Phoenix Lander and the upcoming OSIRIS-REx missions). These stellar individuals give us an insider’s view of the difficulties and rewards of roaming the red planet. The author’s infectious enthusiasm and firsthand knowledge of the international space industry combine to make a uniquely appealing and accessible book about Mars.

Book SCIENCE FICTION Ultimate Box Set  170  Dystopian Novels  Space Adventures  Lost World Classics   Apocalyptic Tales

Download or read book SCIENCE FICTION Ultimate Box Set 170 Dystopian Novels Space Adventures Lost World Classics Apocalyptic Tales written by Jules Verne and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-11-18 with total page 12917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 'SCIENCE FICTION Ultimate Box Set: 170+ Dystopian Novels, Space Adventures, Lost World Classics & Apocalyptic Tales' presents an unparalleled amalgamation of literary genius, weaving together the profound imaginations of some of the most paramount figures in the science fiction genre. The anthology spans a multitude of themes including dystopia, interstellar travel, exploration of unknown worlds, and the existential ponderings of humanity in the face of apocalypse, realized through a diverse range of literary styles, from the suspenseful and foreboding atmospheres crafted by H.P. Lovecraft to the intricate societal critiques embodied by George Orwell. This collection not only showcases the broad spectrum of speculative fiction but also highlights standout pieces that have fundamentally shaped the course of science fiction literature. The contributing authors and editors, from Jules Vernes pioneering adventures to H.G. Wells groundbreaking societal allegories, represent an era-spanning cadre of visionaries who collectively pressed the boundaries of the imagination and confronted the societal and philosophical questions of their times. Their works, deeply entrenched in varying historical, cultural, and literary movements - from the romanticism of Mary Shelleys 'Frankenstein' to the modernist satire in Aldous Huxleys 'Brave New World' - provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of science fiction as a reflective lens on society. For readers seeking to immerse themselves in the expansive universe of speculative fiction, this anthology offers an extraordinary journey through time and space, exploring humanitys greatest fears, hopes, and ethical dilemmas. By traversing the imaginations of over forty authors, the collection affords a unique opportunity to engage with the seminal texts that have defined and continued to shape the science fiction landscape. Delve into the 'SCIENCE FICTION Ultimate Box Set' to experience the vast educational value, embrace the diversity of thought, and partake in the ongoing dialogue between these monumental works and the present-day reader.

Book The Sirens of Mars

    Book Details:
  • Author : Sarah Stewart Johnson
  • Publisher : Crown
  • Release : 2020-07-07
  • ISBN : 1101904828
  • Pages : 304 pages

Download or read book The Sirens of Mars written by Sarah Stewart Johnson and published by Crown. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Sarah Stewart Johnson interweaves her own coming-of-age story as a planetary scientist with a vivid history of the exploration of Mars in this celebration of human curiosity, passion, and perseverance.”—Alan Lightman, author of Einstein’s Dreams WINNER OF THE PHI BETA KAPPA AWARD FOR SCIENCE • NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The New York Times Book Review • Times (UK) • Library Journal “Lovely . . . Johnson’s prose swirls with lyrical wonder, as varied and multihued as the apricot deserts, butterscotch skies and blue sunsets of Mars.”—Anthony Doerr, The New York Times Book Review Mars was once similar to Earth, but today there are no rivers, no lakes, no oceans. Coated in red dust, the terrain is bewilderingly empty. And yet multiple spacecraft are circling Mars, sweeping over Terra Sabaea, Syrtis Major, the dunes of Elysium, and Mare Sirenum—on the brink, perhaps, of a staggering find, one that would inspire humankind as much as any discovery in the history of modern science. In this beautifully observed, deeply personal book, Georgetown scientist Sarah Stewart Johnson tells the story of how she and other researchers have scoured Mars for signs of life, transforming the planet from a distant point of light into a world of its own. Johnson’s fascination with Mars began as a child in Kentucky, turning over rocks with her father and looking at planets in the night sky. She now conducts fieldwork in some of Earth’s most hostile environments, such as the Dry Valleys of Antarctica and the salt flats of Western Australia, developing methods for detecting life on other worlds. Here, with poetic precision, she interlaces her own personal journey—as a female scientist and a mother—with tales of other seekers, from Percival Lowell, who was convinced that a utopian society existed on Mars, to Audouin Dollfus, who tried to carry out astronomical observations from a stratospheric balloon. In the process, she shows how the story of Mars is also a story about Earth: This other world has been our mirror, our foil, a telltale reflection of our own anxieties and yearnings. Empathetic and evocative, The Sirens of Mars offers an unlikely natural history of a place where no human has ever set foot, while providing a vivid portrait of our quest to defy our isolation in the cosmos.

Book Arthur C  Clarke

    Book Details:
  • Author : Gary Westfahl
  • Publisher : University of Illinois Press
  • Release : 2018-06-14
  • ISBN : 0252050630
  • Pages : 189 pages

Download or read book Arthur C Clarke written by Gary Westfahl and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Already renowned for his science fiction and scientific nonfiction, Arthur C. Clarke became the world’s most famous science fiction writer after the success of 2001: A Space Odyssey. He then produced novels like Rendezvous with Rama and The Fountains of Paradise that many regard as his finest works. Gary Westfahl closely examines Clarke's remarkable career, ranging from his forgotten juvenilia to the passages he completed for a final novel, The Last Theorem. As Westfahl explains, Clarke’s science fiction offered original perspectives on subjects like new inventions, space travel, humanity’s destiny, alien encounters, the undersea world, and religion. While not inclined to mysticism, Clarke necessarily employed mystical language to describe the fantastic achievements of advanced aliens and future humans. Westfahl also contradicts the common perception that Clarke’s characters were bland and underdeveloped, arguing that these reticent, solitary individuals, who avoid conventional relationships, represent his most significant prediction of the future, as they embody the increasingly common lifestyle of people in the twenty-first century.

Book The Evolution of the Costumed Avenger

Download or read book The Evolution of the Costumed Avenger written by Jess Nevins and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2017-01-30 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a broad array of historical and literary sources, this book presents an unprecedented detailed history of the superhero and its development across the course of human history. How has the concept of the superhero developed over time? How has humanity's idealization of heroes with superhuman powers changed across millennia—and what superhero themes remain constant? Why does the idea of a superhero remain so powerful and relevant in the modern context, when our real-life technological capabilities arguably surpass the imagined superpowers of superheroes of the past? The Evolution of the Costumed Avenger: The 4,000-Year History of the Superhero is the first complete history of superheroes that thoroughly traces the development of superheroes, from their beginning in 2100 B.C.E. with the Epic of Gilgamesh to their fully entrenched status in modern pop culture and the comic book and graphic novel worlds. The book documents how the two modern superhero archetypes—the Costumed Avengers and the superhuman Supermen—can be traced back more than two centuries; turns a critical, evaluative eye upon the post-Superman history of the superhero; and shows how modern superheroes were created and influenced by sources as various as Egyptian poems, biblical heroes, medieval epics, Elizabethan urban legends, Jacobean masques, Gothic novels, dime novels, the Molly Maguires, the Ku Klux Klan, and pulp magazines. This work serves undergraduate or graduate students writing papers, professors or independent scholars, and anyone interested in learning about superheroes.