Download or read book The Logical Universe written by Noel Curran and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central concept of the system of philosophy developed in this text is that of meaning. This is applied to logic as a theory of meaning, rather than the proof theory of formal logic. Time is assymetric - an arrow. This concept is applied to the laws of nature which have no arrow of time. In the philosophy of mathematics the same emphasis is on meaning using the ideas of Sir William Rowan Hamilton on the ordinal character of numbers, the real numbers, the scalar numbers and the extension to vectors. The problem of God's existence is one of meaning - not proof. This is directly related to the concept of the universe having a beginning or being eternal. The logical universe - the cosmos - is conceived as one reality existing in space and time which is assymetric and corresponds to the real universe.
Download or read book Our Mathematical Universe written by Max Tegmark and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Max Tegmark leads us on an astonishing journey through past, present and future, and through the physics, astronomy and mathematics that are the foundation of his work, most particularly his hypothesis that our physical reality is a mathematical structure and his theory of the ultimate multiverse. In a dazzling combination of both popular and groundbreaking science, he not only helps us grasp his often mind-boggling theories, but he also shares with us some of the often surprising triumphs and disappointments that have shaped his life as a scientist. Fascinating from first to last—this is a book that has already prompted the attention and admiration of some of the most prominent scientists and mathematicians.
Download or read book Logical Universe written by Michael F. Jones and published by Inertial Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents simple and logical explanations designed to help people understand many aspects of the universe, including gravity, magnetic fields, inertia, and the reason light travels and the speed it does.
Download or read book Ex Nihilo written by E. Beaubien and published by . This book was released on 2020-12-25 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The observable universe, along with most of its major aspects, is derived from nothing ... uniquely ... as the geometric embodiment of a simple integer count. The causes of the four forces (strong, weak, electromagnetic, gravity) and their relative strengths are developed and quantified, varying as functions of the Hubble radius and age of the universe. New postulates of 'active' logic are given to compliment those of 'static' logic already known which together comprise the foundation of existence. A theory of consciousness is also derived from the postulates that incorporates 'primary' unitary objects into 'complex' unitary objects. All the information of my other books ... as well as several areas of inquiry not previously published ... are included. [477 pages with >600 illustrations]
Download or read book Eliminating The Universe Logical Properties Of Natural Language written by Keenan Edward L and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book synthesizes the author's work (1980s-2015) on the logical expressive power of natural language. It extends the tools and concepts of model theory as used in (higher order) predicate logic to the study of natural language semantics. It focuses on boolean structure, generalized quantification (separated from variable binding), covering some cases of anaphora. Different categories — predicates, adjective, quantifiers — are modeled by non-isomorphic boolean lattices.Of empirical linguistic interest is the expressibility of many natural classes of quantifiers defined in terms of their logical (automorphism invariant) properties. Some of these correlate with classes used syntactically in generative grammar. In other cases we find general (possibly universal) constraints on possible quantifier denotations in natural language.Also of novel logical interest are entailment paradigms that depend on relations between pairs or triples of generalized quantifier denoting expressions, ones that are in some cases inherently vague. In addition we note novel binary quantifiers that lie beyond the 'Frege boundary' in that they are provably not identical to any iterated application of unary quantifiers.Of philosophical interest is the existence of models which make the same sentences true as standard models but which lack a universe and hence, seemingly, a notion of 'reference'. Moreover, these models generalize to ones in which we can represent (some) intensional expressions without the use of novel ontological objects, such as 'possible worlds' or 'propositions'.
Download or read book The Logical Alien written by Sofia Miguens and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-11 with total page 1081 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is our logical form of thought merely one among many, or must it be the form of thought as such? From Kant to Wittgenstein, philosophers have wrestled with variants of this question. This volume brings together nine distinguished thinkers on the subject, including James Conant, author of the seminal paper “The Search for Logically Alien Thought.”
Download or read book The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time written by Roberto Mangabeira Unger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roberto Mangabeira Unger and Lee Smolin argue for a revolution in our cosmological ideas. Ideal for non-scientists, physicists and cosmologists.
Download or read book The Logical Tracts written by Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-05-10 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In three comprehensive volumes, Logic of the Future presents a full panorama of Charles S. Peirce’s important late writings. Among the most influential American thinkers, Peirce took his existential graphs to be his greatest contribution to human thought. The manuscripts from 1895—1913, most of which are published here for the first time, testify the richness and open-endedness of his theory of logic and its applications. They also invite us to reconsider our ordinary conceptions of reasoning as well as the conventional stories told about the evolution of modern logic. This second volume collects Peirce’s writings on existential graphs related to his Lowell Lectures of 1903, the annus mirabilis of his that became decisive in the development of the mature theory of the graphical method of logic.
Download or read book The Incomplete Universe written by Patrick Grim and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central claim of this powerful philosophical exploration is that within any logic we have, there can be no coherent notion of all truth or of total knowledge. Grim examines a series of logical paradoxes and related formal results to reveal their implications for contemporary epistemology, metaphysics, and the philosophy of religion. He reaches the provocative conclusion that, if the universe is thought of in terms of its truths, it is essentially open and incomplete. The Incomplete Universe includes detailed work on the liar paradox and recent attempts at solution, Kaplan and Montague's paradox of the knower, the Gödel theorems and related incompleteness phenomena, and new forms of Cantorian argument. The emphasis throughout is philosophical rather than formal, with an eye to connection's with possible worlds, the notion of omniscience, and the opening lines of the Tractatus: "The world is all that is the case. "
Download or read book The Fallacy of Fine Tuning written by Victor J. Stenger and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of authors have noted that if some physical parameters were slightly changed, the universe could no longer support life, as we know it. This implies that life depends sensitively on the physics of our universe. Does this "fine-tuning" of the universe suggest that a creator god intentionally calibrated the initial conditions of the universe such that life on earth and the evolution of humanity would eventually emerge? In his in-depth and highly accessible discussion of this fascinating and controversial topic, the author looks at the evidence and comes to the opposite conclusion. He finds that the observations of science and our naked senses not only show no evidence for God, they provide evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that God does not exist.
Download or read book The Logical Solution of the Riddles of Gravity and Einstein s Theory written by George Kirakosyan and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2006-08-29 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SUMMARY In the offered work, unlike the majority of formal theories, the author considers a problem of gravitation with causally consecutive point of view. By logic of researches of known facts and existing theories of this direction, he comes to conclusion about unknown fundamental property of a matter causing the gravitational phenomena. The authors explanation is not difficult to mastering both with causal and quantitative points of view. However, it demands deep changes in accepted beliefs and approaches. On the basis of the offered causal essence of gravitation, the author deduces the law of universal gravitation of Newton; he defines the theoretical value of a gravitational constant and calculates known gravitational effects, with the use of simple mathematical reasoning only. The subsequent results of the offered concept are corresponding with the checked up results of Einsteins general theory of relativity (GTR). However, for planned new experiments, on detection of gravitational waves and gravymagnetic effect, negative results are predicted. The mentioned circumstance may allow judging about value of the offered explanation in a not-far future. Despite of complexities of the studied problem, the book is narrated in a free, polemical style, stipulated for a wide range of readers. * The picture used on the cover is the Galaxy Andromeda M 31, from site www.ASTROLAB.ru . Refer to www.physicsandlogic.com
Download or read book A Contribution to the Psychology of Logic written by Augustus Désiré Waller and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Logical Christ Hypothesis written by Gennaro Cozzi and published by WestBow Press. This book was released on 2023-06-06 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sit in on a series of conversations about the biggest questions of philosophy, mythology, psychology, history and our contemporary world. Across these wide-ranging discussions, four friends keep coming back to the need for something—a catalyst—to transform human brokenness and answer our deepest longings. With Gennaro as our guide, these questions lead us to the Bible’s stories of Jesus and the possibilities that this might be the best Catalyst human knowledge and experience has yet found. “This book addresses the biggest ideas and our biggest human needs for healing, rescue and restoration. It is a unique and passionate contribution to the arguments for why we can and must take Jesus seriously in our world today.” — Nathan Brown, author, Why I Try to Believe: An Experiment in Life, Faith and Stubborn Hope
Download or read book A Logical Introduction to Proof written by Daniel Cunningham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is intended for students who want to learn how to prove theorems and be better prepared for the rigors required in more advance mathematics. One of the key components in this textbook is the development of a methodology to lay bare the structure underpinning the construction of a proof, much as diagramming a sentence lays bare its grammatical structure. Diagramming a proof is a way of presenting the relationships between the various parts of a proof. A proof diagram provides a tool for showing students how to write correct mathematical proofs.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Logical Empiricism written by Thomas Uebel and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-12-27 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logical empiricism is a philosophical movement that flourished in the 1920s and 30s in Central Europe and in the 1940s and 50s in the United States. With its stated ambition to comprehend the revolutionary advances in the empirical and formal sciences of their day and to confront anti-modernist challenges to scientific reason itself, logical empiricism was never uncontroversial. Uniting key thinkers who often disagreed with one another but shared the aim to conceive of philosophy as part of the scientific enterprise, it left a rich and varied legacy that has only begun to be explored relatively recently. The Routledge Handbook of Logical Empiricism is an outstanding reference source to this challenging subject area, and the first collection of its kind. Comprising 41 chapters written by an international and interdisciplinary team of contributors, the Handbook is organized into four clear parts: The Cultural, Scientific and Philosophical Context and the Development of Logical Empiricism Characteristic Theses of and Specific Issues in Logical Empiricism Relations to Philosophical Contemporaries Leading Post-Positivist Criticisms and Legacy Essential reading for students and researchers in the history of twentieth-century philosophy, especially the history of analytical philosophy and the history of philosophy of science, the Handbook will also be of interest to those working in related areas of philosophy influenced by this important movement, including metaphysics and epistemology, philosophy of mind and philosophy of language.
Download or read book The Logical Foundations of the Marxian Theory of Value written by Adolfo García de la Sienra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written before the impressive collapse of the socialist system in Eastern Europe, this book offers a quite objective and serious systematic analysis of the Marxian labor theory of value, Marx's main scientific legacy. After reconstructing the 'prototype' of this theory -- which is the theory as it was left by Marx himself in Capital -- the author proceeds to a careful and detailed analysis of its foundational problems, taking into account Böhm-Bawerk's important criticisms. After introducing advanced contemporary formal tools, the author proceeds to a thorough discussion of the dialectical method, just in order to tackle the foundational problems of the theory. He provides a formally precise and well motivated definition of abstract labor, and then proceeds to prove the existence of a measurement of abstract labor -- i.e. the existence of numerical labor-values. Using this result, the author provides rigorous axiomatic foundations for the theory of value and then proves the existence of a Marxian competitive equilibrium, which is tantamount to the proof of the possibility of reproduction for a capitalist economy. The author finishes the book by showing in detail how the problems of the prototype are solved, by reconstructing the Leontief model of the labor theory of value on the new logical bases. Written in a very clear style, in the language of contemporary philosophy of science, the book is of interest to philosophers of science and economists, applied logicians and all those interested in the scientific legacy of Karl Marx.
Download or read book Logical Studies written by Georg Henrik Von Wright and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2000. In this volume are eight essays; with the first three essays deal with the problem of logical truth. Their aim is to elucidate what is meant by saying that logical truth is formal-dependent of form and independent of content-or that logical truth is tautologous. The next is on study of distributive normal forms that awakened my interest in modality. The next three essays are in the field of modal logic. Related to modal logic are the problems of the conditional (the if-then) and of entailment (logical consequence) on which the final essay is based.
