Download or read book The Logic of Partial Information written by Areski Nait Abdallah and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One must be able to say at all times - in stead of points, straight lines, and planes - tables, chairs and beer mugs. (David Hilbert) One service mathematics has rendered the human race. It has put common sense back where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled "discarded nonsense. " (Eric T. Bell) This book discusses reasoning with partial information. We investigate the proof theory, the model theory and some applications of reasoning with par tial information. We have as a goal a general theory for combining, in a principled way, logic formulae expressing partial information, and a logical tool for choosing among them for application and implementation purposes. We also would like to have a model theory for reasoning with partial infor mation that is a simple generalization of the usual Tarskian semantics for classical logic. We show the need to go beyond the view of logic as a geometry of static truths, and to see logic, both at the proof-theoretic and at the model-theoretic level, as a dynamics of processes. We see the dynamics of logic processes bear with classical logic, the same relation as the one existing between classical mechanics and Euclidean geometry.

Download or read book Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics written by Philippe Blache and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-05-03 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited in collaboration with FoLLI, the Association of Logic, Language and Information, this book inaugurates the new FoLLI LNAI subline. It constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Logical Aspects of Computational Linguistics, LACL 2005, held in Bordeaux, France in April 2005. The 25 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from over 40 submissions. The papers address a wide range of logical and formal methods in computational linguistics with studies of particular grammar formalisms and their computational properties, language engineering, and traditional topics about the syntax/semantics interface.

Download or read book Logical Structures for Representation of Knowledge and Uncertainty written by Ellen Hisdal and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the business of science not to create laws, but to discover them. We do not originate the constitution of our own minds, greatly as it may be in our power to modify their character. And as the laws of the human intellect do not depend upon our will, so the forms of science, of (1. 1) which they constitute the basis, are in all essential regards independent of individual choice. George Boole [10, p. llJ 1. 1 Comparison with Traditional Logic The logic of this book is a probability logic built on top of a yes-no or 2-valued logic. It is divided into two parts, part I: BP Logic, and part II: M Logic. 'BP' stands for 'Bayes Postulate'. This postulate says that in the absence of knowl edge concerning a probability distribution over a universe or space one should assume 1 a uniform distribution. 2 The M logic of part II does not make use of Bayes postulate or of any other postulates or axioms. It relies exclusively on purely deductive reasoning following from the definition of probabilities. The M logic goes an important step further than the BP logic in that it can distinguish between certain types of information supply sentences which have the same representation in the BP logic as well as in traditional first order logic, although they clearly have different meanings (see example 6. 1. 2; also comments to the Paris-Rome problem of eqs. (1. 8), (1. 9) below).

Download or read book Logic Language and Computation written by S. Akama and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors of the Applied Logic Series are happy to present to the reader the fifth volume in the series, a collection of papers on Logic, Language and Computation. One very striking feature of the application of logic to language and to computation is that it requires the combination, the integration and the use of many diverse systems and methodologies - all in the same single application. The papers in this volume will give the reader a glimpse into the problems of this active frontier of logic. The Editors CONTENTS Preface IX 1. S. AKAMA Recent Issues in Logic, Language and Computation 1 2. M. J. CRESSWELL Restricted Quantification 27 3. B. H. SLATER The Epsilon Calculus' Problematic 39 4. K. VON HEUSINGER Definite Descriptions and Choice Functions 61 5. N. ASHER Spatio-Temporal Structure in Text 93 6. Y. NAKAYAMA DRT and Many-Valued Logics 131 7. S. AKAMA On Constructive Modality 143 8. H. W ANSING Displaying as Temporalizing: Sequent Systems for Subintuitionistic Logics 159 9. L. FARINAS DEL CERRO AND V. LUGARDON 179 Quantification and Dependence Logics 10. R. SYLVAN Relevant Conditionals, and Relevant Application Thereof 191 Index 245 Preface This is a collection of papers by distinguished researchers on Logic, Lin guistics, Philosophy and Computer Science. The aim of this book is to address a broad picture of the recent research on related areas. In particular, the contributions focus on natural language semantics and non-classical logics from different viewpoints.

Download or read book Advanced Topics in Artificial Intelligence written by Rolf T. Nossum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1988-12-28 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organized by: European Coordinating Committee for AI (ECCAI)

Download or read book New Essays in Free Logic written by Edgar Morscher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-31 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free logic - i.e., logic free of existential presuppositions in general and with respect to singular terms in particular- began to come into its own as a field of research in the 1950s. As is the case with so many developments in Western philosophy, its roots can be traced back to ancient Greek philo sophy. It is only during the last fifty years, however, that it has become well established as a branch of modern logic. The name of Karel Lambert is most closely connected with this development: he gave it its name and its profile as a well defined field of research. After a development of fifty years, it is time to look back and take stock while at the same time scanning for new perspectives. This is the purpose of the papers collected in this volume. The first paper is written by Karel Lambert himself who also comments on all the papers of the other authors. In an introductory essay we give a survey of the present status of and new directions in free logic.

Download or read book Methodological Prospects for Scientific Research written by Wenceslao J. Gonzalez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-30 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the existence of a diversity of methods in science, in general, in groups of sciences (natural, social or the artificial), and in individual sciences. This methodological variety is open to a number of consequences, such as the differences in the research according to levels of reality (micro, meso and macro), which leads to multi-scale modelling and to questioning “fundamental” parts in the sciences, understood as the necessary support for the whole discipline. In addition, this volume acknowledges the need to assess the efficacy of procedures and methods of scientific activity in engendering high quality results in research made; the relevance of contextual factors for methodology of science; the existence of a plurality of stratagems when doing research in empirical sciences (natural, social and of the artificial); and the need for an ethical component while developing scientific methods, because values should have a role in scientific research. The book is of interest to a broad audience of philosophers, academics in various fields, graduate students and research centers interested in methodology of science.

Download or read book Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar written by Stefan Müller and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on with total page 1632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) is a constraint-based or declarative approach to linguistic knowledge, which analyses all descriptive levels (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) with feature value pairs, structure sharing, and relational constraints. In syntax it assumes that expressions have a single relatively simple constituent structure. This volume provides a state-of-the-art introduction to the framework. Various chapters discuss basic assumptions and formal foundations, describe the evolution of the framework, and go into the details of the main syntactic phenomena. Further chapters are devoted to non-syntactic levels of description. The book also considers related fields and research areas (gesture, sign languages, computational linguistics) and includes chapters comparing HPSG with other frameworks (Lexical Functional Grammar, Categorial Grammar, Construction Grammar, Dependency Grammar, and Minimalism).

Download or read book Logics in AI written by Jan van Eijck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-02-26 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Workshop on Logics in Artificial Intelligence was held at the Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science in Amsterdam, September 10-14, 1990. This volume includes the 29 papers selected and presented at the workshop together with 7 invited papers. The main themes are: - Logic programming and automated theorem proving, - Computational semantics for natural language, - Applications of non-classical logics, - Partial and dynamic logics.

Download or read book Rewriting Logic and Its Applications written by Vlad Rusu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-07 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes revised selected papers from the 12th International Workshop on Rewriting Logic and Its Applications, WRLA 2018, held in Thessaloniki, Greece, in June 2018. The 12 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 21 submissions. They deal with rewriting, a natural model of computation and an expressive semantic framework for concurrency, parallelism, communication, and interaction, and its applications.

Download or read book Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty written by Thomas D. Nielsen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-04-07 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The refereed proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty, ECSQARU 2003, held in Aalborg, Denmark in July 2003. The 47 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited survey articles were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on foundations of uncertainty concepts, Bayesian networks, algorithms for uncertainty inference, learning, decision graphs, belief functions, fuzzy sets, possibility theory, default reasoning, belief revision and inconsistency handling, logics, and tools.

Download or read book Mathematical Aspects of Natural and Formal Languages written by Gheorghe Paun and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994-10-25 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains original reviews by well-known workers in the field of mathematical linguistics and formal language theory, written in honour of Professor Solomon Marcus on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Some of the papers deal with contextual grammars, a class of generative devices introduced by Marcus, motivated by descriptive linguistics. Others are devoted to grammar systems, a very modern branch of formal language theory. Automata theory and the algebraic approach to computer science are other well-represented areas. While the contributions are mathematically oriented, practical issues such as cryptography, grammatical inference and natural language processing are also discussed. Contents:Substitutions on Words and LanguagesApplications to Cryptography (A Atanasiu)Grammar Systems: A Multi-Agent Framework for Natural Language Generation (E Csuhaj-Varjú)Normal Forms for Contextual Grammars (A Ehrenfeucht et al.)Control Mechanisms on #-Context-Free Array Grammars (R Freund)On Transitive Cofinal Automata (M Ito & M Katsura)Algebraic Foundations for Montague Grammars (H Jürgensen & K Tent)A Periodic Languages and Generalizations (J Kari & G Thierrin)Matrix Grammars Versus Parallel Communicating Grammar Systems (V Mihalache)Reducts Versus Reducing Operators (M Novotný)On Conditional Grammars and Conditional Petri Nets (F-L Tiplea)and other papers Readership: Computer scientists. keywords:Algebra;Array Grammar;Automaton;Chomsky Grammar;Combinatorics on Words;Cryptography;Grammar System;Marcus Grammar;Mereology;Montague Grammar;Natural Language;Petri Net

Download or read book Specification Algebra and Software written by Shusaku Iida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-01 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Festschrift volume, published in honor of Kokichi Futatsugi, contains 31 invited contributions from internationally leading researchers in formal methods and software engineering. Prof. Futatsugi is one of the founding fathers of the field of algebraic specification and verification and is a leading researcher in formal methods and software engineering. He has pioneered and advanced novel algebraic methods and languages supporting them such as OBJ and CafeOBJ and has worked tirelessly over the years to bring such methods and tools in contact with software engineering practice. This volume contains contributions from internationally leading researchers in formal methods and software engineering.

Download or read book The Logical Approach to Syntax written by Edward P. Stabler and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By formalizing recent syntactic theories for natural languages Stabler shows how their complexity can be handled without guesswork or oversimplification. By formalizing recent syntactic theories for natural languages in the tradition of Chomsky's Barriers, Stabler shows how their complexity can be handled without guesswork or oversimplification. He introduces logical representations of these theories together with special deductive techniques for exploring their consequences that will provide linguists with a valuable tool for deriving and testing theoretical predictions and for experimenting with alternative formulations of grammatical principles. Stabler's novel approach allows results to be deduced with straightforward calculations and provides a systematic framework for tackling the problem of how speakers can infer the properties of an utterance from principles of the grammar. The special treatment of equality, induction principles, and inclusion of a general method for collecting structures from proofs means that sophisticated linguistic arguments can be carried out in detail, giving a rich perspective to issues in linguistic theory and parsing.

Download or read book Reasoning Web Semantic Technologies for the Web of Data written by Axel Polleres and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Semantic Web aims at enriching the existing Web with meta-data and processing methods so as to provide web-based systems with advanced capabilities, in particular with context awareness and decision support. The objective of this book is to provide a coherent introduction to semantic web methods and research issues with a particular emphasis on reasoning. The 7th reasoning web Summer School, held in August 2011, focused on the central topic of applications of reasoning for the emerging “Web of Data”. The 12 chapters in the present book provide excellent educational material as well as a number of references for further reading. The book not only addresses students working in the area, but also those seeking an entry point to various topics related to reasoning over Web data.

Download or read book Constructing Ambient Intelligence written by Max Mühlhäuser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-17 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A foreword for the present workshop proceedings cannot be provided without first looking at the larger context of the AMI conference in which the workshops were organized. The AMI 2007 conference has roots in preceding events, but in many respects, AMI can be called a novel conference format and hence a premiere. Among the several aims that inspired and shaped this new conference format, the following two are particularly worth considering: (1) to provide a forum for the ambient intel- gence flavor of research on the Post-PC era of computer science, complementing the ubiquitous computing and pervasive computing flavors emphasized by alrea- existing conferences; (2) to offer an event that attracts contributions from all over the globe yet emphasizes European strengths – with particular reference to the Infor- tion Society Technologies (IST) branch of the EU research framework programs (FPs), which carry the same label as the conference. The workshop organization chairs reflected these unique characteristics of the new AMI conference series in the call for workshop proposals using two corresponding measures: (1) by particularly soliciting workshops on in-depth topics corresponding to the above-mentioned ambient intelligence flavor of Post-PC research; (2) by offering two different workshop threads: one ‘usual’ thread for advanced topics (called “SW workshops”) and one thread for workshops related to concrete EU FP6 and FP7 p- jects (called “EU workshops”).

Download or read book Dynamic Logic New Trends and Applications written by Manuel A. Martins and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Dynamic Logic, DaLí 2019, held in Prague, Czech Republic in October 2020. Due to COVID-19 the workshop has been held online. The 17 full papers presented together with 6 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions. The theoretical relevance and practical potential of dynamic logic is a topic of interest in a number of scientific venues, from wide-scope software engineering conferences to modal logic specific events. The DaLí 2020 workshop is exclusively dedicated to Dynamic logic and aims at filling this gap and creating a heterogeneous community of colleagues, from Academia to Industry, from Mathematics to Computer Science.