Download or read book The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet A D 1269 written by Petrus Peregrinus and published by Library of Alexandria. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The poet Claudian (365-408 A. D.) wrote a short idyll on the attractive virtue of the lodestone and its symbolism; St. Augustine (354-430), in his work De Civitate Dei, records the fact that a lodestone, held under a silver plate, draws after it a scrap of iron lying on the plate. Abbot Neckam, the Augustinian (1157-1217), distinguishes between the properties of the two ends of the lodestone, and gives in his De Utensilibus, what is perhaps the earliest reference to the mariner’s compass that we have. Albertus Magnus, the Dominican (1193-1280), in his treatise, De Mineralibus, enumerates different kinds of natural magnets and states some of the properties commonly attributed to them; the minstrel, Guyot de Provins, in a famous satirical poem, written about 1208, refers to the directive quality of the lodestone and its use in navigation, as do also Cardinal de Vitry in his Historia Orientalis(1215-1220); Brunetto Latini, poet, orator and philosopher, in his Trésor des Sciences, a veritable library, written in Paris in 1260; Raymond Lully, the Enlightened Doctor, in his treatise, De Contemplatione, begun in 1272, and Guido Guinicelli, the poet-priest of Bologna, who died in 1276. The authors of these learned works were too busy with the pen to find time to devote to the close and prolonged study of natural phenomena necessary for fruitful discovery, and so had to content themselves with recording and discussing in their tomes the scientific knowledge of their age without making any notable additions to it. But this was not the case with such contemporaries of theirs as Roger Bacon, the Franciscan, and his Gallic friend, Pierre de Maricourt, commonly called Petrus Peregrinus, the subject of the present notice, a man of academic culture and of a practical rather than speculative turn of mind. Of the early years of Peregrinus nothing is known save that he studied probably at the University of Paris, and that he graduated with the highest scholastic honors. He owes his surname to the village of Maricourt, in Picardy, and the appellation Peregrinus, or Pilgrim, to his having visited the Holy Land as a member of one of the crusading expeditions of the time. In 1269 we find him in the engineering corps of the French army then besieging Lucera, in Southern Italy, which had revolted from the authority of its French master, Charles of Anjou. To Peregrinus was assigned the work of fortifying the camp and laying mines as well as of constructing engines for projecting stones and fire-balls into the beleaguered city. It was in the midst of such warlike preoccupations that the idea seems to have occurred to him of devising a piece of mechanism to keep the astronomical sphere of Archimedes in uniform rotation for a definite time. In the course of his work over the new motor, Peregrinus was gradually led to consider the more fascinating problem of perpetual motion itself with the result that he showed, at least diagrammatically, and to his own evident satisfaction, how a wheel might be driven round forever by the power of magnetic attraction.
Download or read book The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet A D 1269 written by De Maricourt active 13th century Pierre and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2023-10-26 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pierre de Maricourt, a prominent figure in the 13th century, penned the groundbreaking work 'The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet, A.D. 1269,' which delves into the realm of magnetism and its properties. In this informative text, de Maricourt displays a keen understanding of science and engineering for his time, as he uncovers the intricate behavior of magnets and their polarity. Written in the form of a letter, the book showcases a unique blend of scholarly analysis and practical observations, making it a valuable contribution to the study of magnetism in the medieval era. With its lucid explanations and empirical evidence, the work stands as a testament to de Maricourt's intellectual prowess and inquisitive spirit, setting the stage for future advancements in the field of physics and magnetism. Overall, 'The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet, A.D. 1269' is a must-read for anyone interested in the history of science and the evolution of magnetic theory, offering a fascinating glimpse into the scientific achievements of the medieval period.
Download or read book The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet A D 1269 written by Pierre (de Maricourt) and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Letter of Petrus Peregrinus on the Magnet written by and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalogue of the Wheeler Gift of Books written by American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Library and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pull Of History The Human Understanding Of Magnetism And Gravity Through The Ages written by Yoshitaka Yamamoto and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-12-28 with total page 979 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to understand what bring to pass the birth of modern physics by focusing upon the formation of the concept of force. This would be the first book to note the important role magnetism has played in this process. Indeed, the force between celestial bodies, before the introduction of the Isaac Newtonian gravitational force, is first introduced by Johannes Kepler by analogy with the magnetic force. Moreover, this book, by concentrating our attention on the magnetism, fully describes the developments and the recognition of the force concept during the Middle Ages. The detailed description of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is a strong point of this book. By discussing and emphasizing on the role accomplished by the magnetic force, this book makes clear the connection between the natural magic and the modern experimental physics. This book will open up a new aspect of the birth of modern physics.
Download or read book Blind Watchers of the Sky written by Edward W. Kolb and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we know that the earth travels around the sun, the universe is billions of years old, and stars are trillions of miles away? Rocky Kolb tells the fascinating story of the people and ideas that have brought us such knowledge of our planet and the universe, giving realistic portraits of astronomers like Tycho, Kepler, Galileo, Herschel and Hubble. Beginning in 1572 with Tycho's discovery that the heavens can change and ending with the Big Bang of the 20th Century, this is a hugely entertaining and witty account of the quest to discover the universe.
Download or read book The Popes and Science The History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time written by James Joseph Walsh and published by Library of Alexandria. This book was released on with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When, some years ago, the announcement of the prospective opening of the medical school at Fordham University, New York City, was made, the preliminary faculty were rather astonished to find that a number of intelligent physicians expressed surprise that there should be any question of the establishment of a medical school in connection with a Catholic institution of learning, since, as they understood, the Church forbade the practice of dissection, and in general was distinctly unfavorable to the development of medical science. Most of us had already known of the false persuasion existing in some minds, that by a Papal decree the practice of dissection had been forbidden during the Middle Ages, but it was hard to understand how men should think, in this day of general information, that Catholics were not free to pursue the study of any true science, and above all medical science, without let or hindrance from ecclesiastical authorities. In a word, though we live in what we are pleased to call an enlightened age with the schoolmaster abroad in the land, as is so proudly proclaimed, we encountered the most childish simplicity of belief in a number of old-time prejudices as to the position of the Church with regard to the study of science. We found such a curious state of positive ignorance and such an erroneous, pretentious knowledge with regard to the supposed attitude of the Church to medicine especially, that we realized that the first thing that the new medical department would have to do would be to set about correcting authoritatively the false notions which existed with regard to the Popes and medical science. Most of the misinformation in this matter in American minds, we soon found, had its origin in Dr. Andrew D. White's volumes, "On the History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom." It is impossible for anyone to read Dr. White's chapter on from Miracles to Medicine in this work without coming to the conclusion that the constant policy of the Church for all the centuries down practically to our own time was to prevent the progress of medicine as far as possible. The reason for this policy, presumably, must be taken to be that it was to the interest of the ecclesiastics to have people apply to them for healing. Sufferers were to look to miracles rather than to drugs for their relief from ailments of any and every kind. Prayers were to be considered as much more efficacious than powders, and Masses much more likely to do good than the most careful nursing. These ecclesiastical offices had to be paid for. Accordingly, people had to be discouraged from applying to physicians, medical schools were kept under an ecclesiastical ban, "dissection was prohibited," anatomy declared "a sin against the Holy Ghost," "chemistry forbidden under the severest penalties," "the medieval miracles of healing checked medical science," "the practice of surgery was relegated mainly to the lowest orders of practitioners and confined strictly to them," "as the grasp of theology upon education tightened, medicine declined," and every possible means was employed to keep the popular mind in subjection to the clergy, and to prevent physicians from getting so much knowledge as would enable them to help free the people from the bondage of superstition, of which they were the victims and the slaves.
Download or read book Alloy Materials and Their Allied Applications written by Inamuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alloy Materials and Their Allied Applications provides an in-depth overview of alloy materials and applications. The 11 chapters focus on the fabrication methods and design of corrosion-resistant, magnetic, biodegradable, and shape memory alloys. The industrial applications in the allied areas, such as biomedical, dental implants, abrasive finishing, surface treatments, photocatalysis, water treatment, and batteries, are discussed in detail. This book will help readers solve fundamental and applied problems faced in the field of allied alloys applications.
Download or read book Medieval Science Technology and Medicine written by Thomas F. Glick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-27 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine details the whole scope of scientific knowledge in the medieval period in more than 300 A to Z entries. This resource discusses the research, application of knowledge, cultural and technology exchanges, experimentation, and achievements in the many disciplines related to science and technology. Coverage includes inventions, discoveries, concepts, places and fields of study, regions, and significant contributors to various fields of science. There are also entries on South-Central and East Asian science. This reference work provides an examination of medieval scientific tradition as well as an appreciation for the relationship between medieval science and the traditions it supplanted and those that replaced it. For a full list of entries, contributors, and more, visit the Routledge Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages website.
Download or read book Routledge Revivals Medieval Science Technology and Medicine 2006 written by Thomas F. Glick and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2005, this encyclopedia demonstrates that the millennium from the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance was a period of great intellectual and practical achievement and innovation. In Europe, the Islamic world, South and East Asia, and the Americas, individuals built on earlier achievements, introduced sometimes radical refinements and laid the foundations for modern development. Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine details the whole scope of scientific knowledge in the medieval period in more than 300 A to Z entries. This comprehensive resource discusses the research, application of knowledge, cultural and technology exchanges, experimentation, and achievements in the many disciplines related to science and technology. It also looks at the relationship between medieval science and the traditions it supplanted. Written by a select group of international scholars, this reference work will be of great use to scholars, students, and general readers researching topics in many fields, including medieval studies, world history, history of science, history of technology, history of medicine, and cultural studies.
Download or read book A Concise Essay on Magnetism with an account of the Declination and Inclination of the Magnetic Needle and an attempt to ascertain the cause of the variation thereof written by John LORIMER (M.D.) and published by . This book was released on 1800 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nature Speaks written by Kellie Robertson and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2017-03-09 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nature Speaks recovers the common ground shared between physics—what used to be known as "natural philosophy"—and fiction-writing as ways of representing the natural world. In doing so, it traces how nature gained an authoritative voice in the late medieval period only to lose it at the outset of modernity.
Download or read book The Last Voyage of Capt Sir John Ross R N to the Arctic Regions written by Robert Huish and published by London : J. Saunders. This book was released on 1835 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Last Voyage of Capt Sir John Ross R N to the Arctic Regions for the Discovery of a North West Passage Performed in the Years 1829 30 31 32 and 33 to which is Prefixed an Abridgement of the Former Voyages of Captns Ross Parry Other Celebrated Navigators to the Northern Latitudes Compiled from Authentic Information and Original Documents Transmitted by William Light Purser s Steward to the Expedition Illustrated by Engravings from Drawings Taken on the Spot written by Robert Huish and published by . This book was released on 1835 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Underground Wealth of Nations written by Jeannette Graulau and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silver mining was a capitalist business long before the supposed origin of modern capitalism Hundreds of years before a sixteenth-century crisis in European agriculture led to the origins of capital, investment, and finance, the silver mining industry exhibited many of the features of modern capitalism. Silver mines were large-scale businesses that demanded large investments and steady cash flow, achieved by spreading that risk through fungible shares and creating legal structures to protect entrepreneurs from financial disaster. Jeannette Graulau argues that mining preceded agriculture as the first true capitalist enterprise of the modern world.
Download or read book In the Shadow of the Machine written by Jeremy Naydler and published by Temple Lodge Publishing. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary life is so deeply reliant upon digital technology that the computer has come to dominate almost every aspect of our culture. What is the philosophical and spiritual significance of this dependence on electronic technology, both for our relationship to nature and for the future of humanity? And, what processes in human perception and awareness have produced the situation we find ourselves in? As Jeremy Naydler elucidates in this penetrating study, we cannot understand the emergence of the computer without seeing it within the wider context of the evolution of human consciousness, which has taken place over millennia. Modern consciousness, he shows, has evolved in conjunction with the development of machines and under their intensifying shadow. The computer was the product of a long historical development, culminating in the scientific revolution of the 17th century. It was during this period that the first mechanical calculators were invented and the project to create more complex ‘thinking machines’ began in earnest. But the seeds were sown many hundreds of years earlier, deep in antiquity. Naydler paints a vast panorama depicting human development and the emergence of electronic technology. His painstaking research illuminates an urgent question that concerns every living person today: What does it mean to be human and what, if anything, distinguishes us from machines?
