Download or read book The Last Years of French Louisiana written by Marc de Villiers du Terrage and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A History of French Louisiana written by Marcel Giraud and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 1993-04-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The death of Louis XIV in 1715 and the accession of his more progressive younger brother as Regent of France might have brought some hopeful changes to Louisiana, France's tiny, struggling outpost on the Gulf of Mexico. However, the continuation of the debilitating regime of the merchant Antoine Crozat and the extreme impoverishment of the French Treasury Following the disastrous wars of Louis XIV meant that no radical changes were possible. Instead, these few years at the beginning of the Regency represented a period of transition for the colony, when the need for a new administrative regime for Louisiana was met in France by a growing awareness of the strategic and economic potential of the Mississippi settlements. All of these conditions prepared the way for the appearance on the scene of the Company of the West in 1717.In his detailed survey of this brief but crucial period of Louisiana's history, Marcel Giraud assesses the new mood and conditions in France -- the personnel and objectives of the Council of the Navy, which oversaw the colony's administration; the advances in scientific opinion and their impact on Louisiana; and the political, fiscal, and economic conditions that created a new appreciation of the colony of official circles -- while describing actual conditions in the colony. Giraud portrays the Louisiana of 1715 as a few clusters of squalid buildings scattered along the Gulf Coast from Alabama to Natchitoches, inhabited by largely dispirited settlers and soldiers who for the most part lacked the barest necessities of life.Crozat's essentially self-serving regime made this a period of virtual stagnation. Rivalries among the colony's administrative personnel, especially between the governors and the Le Moyne family and their supporters, impeded development, as did the inadequacy of the priests sent to minister to the colony; the paucity of women, farmers, and skilled workers; and the infertile soil around the sties chosen for the forts and settlements.Relations with the indigenous populations were hindered by the lack of acceptable trade goods, as were efforts by the French colonists to establish commercial relations with the neighboring Spanish colonies. At the same time, Louisiana bore the encroachments of better-supplied British traders who were moving into Alabama and the Illinois country and developing regular trade with Indian tribes whom the French claimed as their own clients. With his customary thoroughness and scrupulous attention to documentary details, Marcel Giraud provides a vivid description of a struggling colony hovering between extinction and the spark of growth that would, in years to come, establish it as a viable French outpost in North America. Despite the obstacles facing Louisiana during these difficult years of transition, the colony survived to experience new expansion and development under the Company of the West.
Download or read book The Story of French New Orleans written by Dianne Guenin-Lelle and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2016-02-04 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is it about the city of New Orleans? History, location, and culture continue to link it to France while distancing it culturally and symbolically from the United States. This book explores the traces of French language, history, and artistic expression that have been present there over the last three hundred years. This volume focuses on the French, Spanish, and American colonial periods to understand the imprint that French socio-cultural dynamic left on the Crescent City. The migration of Acadians to New Orleans at the time the city became a Spanish dominion and the arrival of Haitian refugees when the city became an American territory oddly reinforced its Francophone identity. However, in the process of establishing itself as an urban space in the Antebellum South, the culture of New Orleans became a liability for New Orleans elite after the Louisiana Purchase. New Orleans and the Caribbean share numerous historical, cultural, and linguistic connections. The book analyzes these connections and the shared process of creolization occurring in New Orleans and throughout the Caribbean Basin. It suggests "French" New Orleans might be understood as a trope for unscripted "original" Creole social and cultural elements. Since being Creole came to connote African descent, the study suggests that an association with France in the minds of whites allowed for a less racially-bound and contested social order within the United States.
Download or read book A History of French Louisiana written by Marcel Giraud and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 1974 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keep in mind that French Louisiana took in a lot more area than the present-day state of Louisiana.
Download or read book The French Experience in Louisiana written by Glenn R. Conrad and published by University of Louisiana. This book was released on 1995 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a better understanding of the complexities of the French experience in Louisiana and a better appreciation of the contribution of scholars.
Download or read book A History of French Louisiana written by Marcel Giraud and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 1974-04 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marcel Giraud has long been acknowledged as the leading European scholar in the filed of the history and development of colonial French Louisiana. Now the long-awaited English translation of Volume One of his Histoire de la Louisiana Française makes the results of his meticulous research readily available. Professor Giraud explores all phases of the beginnings of colonization in the vast Louisiana territory from the first voyage of d'Iberville to the end of the reign of Louis XIV. He examines the attitude of he French regency, the interest of the Church, and the effects of wars and private monopoly on the struggling settlements along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and on the Mississippi. The almost unbelievable poverty with which the emigrants contended, brought on the their lack of agricultural knowledge and by France's niggardly financial support, is portrayed vividly. Professor Giraud has assembled an immense store of information bolstered by documentation from all available sources. The book includes an excellent bibliography and a list of archival resources.
Download or read book The Historical Journal of the Establishment of the French in Louisiana written by Jean Baptiste Bénard de La Harpe and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Speaking French in Louisiana 1720 1955 written by Sylvie Dubois and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2018-01-08 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the course of its three-hundred-year history, the Catholic Church in Louisiana witnessed a prolonged shift from French to English, with some south Louisiana churches continuing to prepare marriage, baptism, and burial records in French as late as the mid-twentieth century. Speaking French in Louisiana, 1720–1955 navigates a complex and lengthy process, presenting a nuanced picture of language change within the Church and situating its practices within the state’s sociolinguistic evolution. Mining three centuries of evidence from the Archdiocese of New Orleans archives, the authors discover proof of an extraordinary one-hundred-year rise and fall of bilingualism in Louisiana. The multiethnic laity, clergy, and religious in the nineteenth century necessitated the use of multiple languages in church functions, and bilingualism remained an ordinary aspect of church life through the antebellum period. After the Civil War, however, the authors show a steady crossover from French to English in the Church, influenced in large part by an active Irish population. It wasn’t until decades later, around 1910, that the Church began to embrace English monolingualism and French faded from use. The authors’ extensive research and analysis draws on quantitative and qualitative data, geographical models, methods of ethnography, and cultural studies. They evaluated 4,000 letters, written mostly in French, from 1720 to 1859; sacramental registers from more than 250 churches; parish reports; diocesan council minutes; and unpublished material from French archives. Their findings illuminate how the Church’s hierarchical structure of authority, its social constraints, and the attitudes of its local priests and laity affected language maintenance and change, particularly during the major political and social developments of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Speaking French in Louisiana, 1720–1955 goes beyond the “triumph of English” or “tragedy of Cajun French” stereotypes to show how south Louisiana negotiated language use and how Christianization was a powerful linguistic and cultural assimilator.
Download or read book History of Louisiana The French domination written by Charles Gayarré and published by . This book was released on 1854 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A History of French Louisiana written by Marcel Giraud and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 1991-04-01 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first four volumes of Marcel Giraud's History of French Louisiana, published in France between 1951 and 1974, represent the most exhaustive and authoritative scholarly study of France's establishment in the lower Mississippi Valley. In this fifth and final volume of Giraud's magnum opus, published in the United States for the first time ain a translation by Brian Pearce, Giraud unravels the complex story of the Company of the Indies between 1723 and 1731 and traces the development of the Louisiana colony during those difficult years.When the Company of the Indies was reorganized after the defection of Scotsman John Law, its leaders faced economic and political conflicts in both France and America. Managerial abuses and power struggles within the new system often interfered with the administrative process and created divisions of loyalties among officials and settlers.Political leaders were not, however, the only ones struggling for control within the new territory. As Giraud relates, Jesuit and capuchin religious leaders were also at odds with one another over the division of territory in which they were to minister. Giraud explores the strained relationship between the two orders and the political motives an associations that influenced their leaders. Despite political and religious turmoil within the territory, the foundations of colonial society were being laid in New Orleans and Mobile. Attributing the growth of these areas to agricultural expansion and to the introduction of slavery, Giraud offers a lively, detailed description of the economic and social development of Louisiana's nascent urban centers.Giraud also traces the expansion of colonial control into the interior of the colony -- the Illinois country, Nachitoches, and the Natchez country. It was the neglect of the defense of these outposts, blamed by Giraud of the Company's emphasis on economic development and its strict fund-sharing policy, that ultimately resulted in its downfall. On November 28, 1729, angry Indians attacked the small French garrison in Natchez, massacring numerous soldiers and civilians. This attack marked the beginning of war with the Natchez tribe and the withdrawal of the Company of the Indies from Louisiana.
Download or read book A Comparative View of French Louisiana 1699 and 1762 written by Carl A. Brasseaux and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A History of French Louisiana The reign of Louis XIV 1698 1715 translation by Joseph C Lambert written by Marcel Giraud and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Historical Collections of Louisiana written by Benjamin Franklin French and published by . This book was released on 1851 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book History of French Louisiana written by Marcel Giraud and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book French Louisiana written by Robert B. Holtman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Louisiana Purchase written by Thomas Fleming and published by Turner Publishing Company. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From The Louisiana Purchase Like many other major events in world history, the Louisiana Purchase is a fascinating mix of destiny and individual energy and creativity. . . . Thomas Jefferson would have been less than human had he not claimed a major share of the credit. In a private letter . . . the president, reviving a favorite metaphor, said he "very early saw" Louisiana was a "speck" that could turn into a "tornado." He added that the public never knew how near "this catastrophe was." But he decided to calm the hotheads of the west and "endure" Napoleon's aggression, betting that a war with England would force Bonaparte to sell. This policy "saved us from the storm." Omitted almost entirely from this account is the melodrama of the purchase, so crowded with "what ifs" that might have changed the outcome-and the history of the world. The reports of the Lewis and Clark expedition . . . electrified the nation with their descriptions of a region of broad rivers and rich soil, of immense herds of buffalo and other game, of grassy prairies seemingly as illimitable as the ocean. . . . From the Louisiana Purchase would come, in future decades, the states of Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota, and large portions of what is now North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Minnesota, Colorado, and Louisiana. For the immediate future, the purchase, by doubling the size of the United States, transformed it from a minor to a major world power. The emboldened Americans soon absorbed West and East Florida and fought mighty England to a bloody stalemate in the War of 1812. Looking westward, the orators of the 1840s who preached the "Manifest Destiny" of the United States to preside from sea to shining sea based their oratorical logic on the Louisiana Purchase. TURNING POINTS features preeminent writers offering fresh, personal perspectives on the defining events of our time.
Download or read book The History of Louisiana Or of the Western Parts of Virginia and Carolina written by Le Page du Pratz and published by . This book was released on 1774 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
