Download or read book Myths of the Rune Stone written by David M. Krueger and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do our myths say about us? Why do we choose to believe stories that have been disproven? David M. Krueger takes an in-depth look at a legend that held tremendous power in one corner of Minnesota, helping to define both a community’s and a state’s identity for decades. In 1898, a Swedish immigrant farmer claimed to have discovered a large rock with writing carved into its surface in a field near Kensington, Minnesota. The writing told a North American origin story, predating Christopher Columbus’s exploration, in which Viking missionaries reached what is now Minnesota in 1362 only to be massacred by Indians. The tale’s credibility was quickly challenged and ultimately undermined by experts, but the myth took hold. Faith in the authenticity of the Kensington Rune Stone was a crucial part of the local Nordic identity. Accepted and proclaimed as truth, the story of the Rune Stone recast Native Americans as villains. The community used the account as the basis for civic celebrations for years, and advocates for the stone continue to promote its validity despite the overwhelming evidence that it was a hoax. Krueger puts this stubborn conviction in context and shows how confidence in the legitimacy of the stone has deep implications for a wide variety of Minnesotans who embraced it, including Scandinavian immigrants, Catholics, small-town boosters, and those who desired to commemorate the white settlers who died in the Dakota War of 1862. Krueger demonstrates how the resilient belief in the Rune Stone is a form of civil religion, with aspects that defy logic but illustrate how communities characterize themselves. He reveals something unique about America’s preoccupation with divine right and its troubled way of coming to terms with the history of the continent’s first residents. By considering who is included, who is left out, and how heroes and villains are created in the stories we tell about the past, Myths of the Rune Stone offers an enlightening perspective on not just Minnesota but the United States as well.
Download or read book The Kensington Rune Stone written by Thomas E. Reiersgord and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research exploring the translation and meaning of the Kensington Runestone.
Download or read book The Kensington Runestone Vindicated written by Rolf M. Nilsestuen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Third-generation Norweigan-American Rolf M. Nilsestuen summarizes hundreds of pages of documented evidence and proves conclusively that Norwegians were in Minnesota in 1362. The book includes works by Holand, Landsverk, and Hall, as well as a series of articles by Dr. Richard Nielsen that refute every negative argument and attest every word and symbol with new evidence from medieval documents. The Kensington Runestone Vindicated exposes the hoax perpetrated by Wahlgren and Wallace and reveals the shameful neglect of this matter by the Smithsonian Institution. With a liberal dose of common sense, human understanding, and Scandinavian wit, Nilsestuen brings this somewhat esoteric subject down to earth. Contents: Introduction; History; The Discovery; The Evidence; Weathering; Mooring Holes; Norse Artifacts; The Mandans; The Verendre Stone; Additional Finds; The Inscription; The Runes; The Numerals; Wahlgren; Wahlgren vs. The Evidence; Vikings in America; Other Critics; Dr. Erik Molke; Birgitta L. Wallace; Olof Ohman; Summary; Conclusion; Epilogue; The Runestone vs. the Smithsonian; The Newport Tower.
Download or read book The Kensington Stone written by Erik Wahlgren and published by Madison : University of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1958 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controversy about the so-called Kensington stone, found in Minnesota in 1898 - whether it is an authentic Rune stone left by Pre-Columbian explorers from Scandinavia.
Download or read book The Kensington Runestone written by Alice Beck Kehoe and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2005-02-17 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1898, a farmer in northwestern Minnesota unearthed a large stone engraved with what appeared to be Norse runes carved in 1362. Could medieval Scandinavians have penetrated deep into mainland North America over a century before Columbus discovered the New World? Does the stone provide evidence that forces a rewrite of American history, or was it merely a well-executed hoax? In the absence of written records documenting a Norse expedition into Minnesota, most historians have dismissed the Kensington Runestone as a forgery. However, Kehoe approaches the question holistically. She examines not only historical and literary evidence, but also brings in data from archaeology, geology, linguistics, and biological anthropology. She concludes that the stones authenticity should not be dismissed as readily as it has been so far, even if that means re-thinking deeply ingrained ideas about contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans.
Download or read book The Saga of the Volsungs written by and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the translator of the bestselling Poetic Edda (Hackett, 2015) comes a gripping new rendering of two of the greatest sagas of Old Norse literature. Together the two sagas recount the story of seven generations of a single legendary heroic family and comprise our best source of traditional lore about its members—including, among others, the dragon-slayer Sigurd, Brynhild the Valkyrie, and the Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok.
Download or read book Sherlock Holmes and the Rune Stone Mystery written by Larry Millett and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2012-03-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hired by the king of Sweden to authenticate an odd stone unearthed by a Minnesota farmer, Sherlock Holmes soon finds himself investigating theft and murder as well.
Download or read book Kensington Rune Stone written by Theodore C. Blegen and published by . This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Few questions in American history," writes Theodore C. Blegen, "have stirred so much curiosity or provoked such extended discussions as that of the authenticity of the runic inscription on a stone found near Kensington, Minnesota, in 1898." Swedish-American farmer Olof Ohman discovered the stone clasped in the roots of an aspen tree on a knoll above the surrounding swamp. His young son was the first to notice the strange letters chiseled into the rock face. Since then historians, geologists and runic scholars have entered the debate over the age and meaning of these carvings. Are they genuine 14th-century runes, evidence of a pre-Columbian Viking expedition to North America, or are they a clever 19th-century hoax? In this classic volume, Blegen untangles the circumstances surrounding the unearthing of the Kensington Rune Stone. Marshalling letters, affidavits, newspaper accounts and investigative reports, he lays out in authoritative detail the early history of this controversial artifact and investigates the background and character of Olof Ohman and other men involved in its discovery. He also describes the first cycles of investigation and dispute and devotes a chapter to the role of Hjalmar R. Holand, who acquired the stone in 1907 and was its chief defender until his death in 1963. Fourteen appendixes offer useful primary source materials and supply English translations where needed. This lucid text, together with its footnotes and appendixes, remains a cornerstone for further investigation and discussion.
Download or read book The Last Kings of Norse America written by Robert Glenn Johnson and published by Beavers Pond Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These are the first words in a rigorous translation of the 1362 memorial poem inscribed on the Spirit Pond runestone, found on the coast of Maine in 1971. This translation climaxed a decade of histor¬ical investigations by authors Johnson and Westin in which they address a 450 year-gap in North American history between the 1492 voyage of Columbus and the Vinland voyages of Leif Eriksson and Thorfinn Karlsefni shortly after 1000 ad. After the Vinland voyages the Greenlanders developed a lucrative trade in North American furs, marketed in Norway and taxed by the king. But after 1300 a cooling climate caused the Green¬land merchants to migrate to North America and the trade died. To regain the trade and expand his empire, in 1356 King Magnus of Norway and Sweden sent his son, young King Haakon VI, on an expedition to North America with Commander Paul Knutson. The inscrip¬tions on the Spirit Pond and Kensington runestones enable the authors to recon¬struct the fascinating story of Magnus and his expedition, more than a century before Columbus left the shores of Spain.
Download or read book The Kensington Rune Stone written by Theodore C. Blegen and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Kensington Rune Stone written by George Tobias Flom and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Norse America written by Gordon Campbell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of the Vikings in North America as both fact and fiction, from the westward expansion of the Norse across the North Atlantic in the tenth and eleventh centuries to the myths and fabrications about their presence there that have developed in recent centuries. Tracking the saga of the Norse across the North Atlantic to America, Norse America sets the record straight about the idea that the Vikings 'discovered' America. The journey described is a continuum, with evidence-based history and archaeology at one end, and fake history and outright fraud at the other. In between there lies a huge expanse of uncertainty: sagas that may contain shards of truth, characters that may be partly historical, real archaeology that may be interpreted through the fictions of saga, and fragmentary evidence open to responsible and irresponsible interpretation. Norse America is a book that tells two stories. The first is the westward expansion of the Norse across the North Atlantic in the tenth and eleventh centuries, ending (but not culminating) in a fleeting and ill-documented presence on the shores of the North American mainland. The second is the appropriation and enhancement of the westward narrative by Canadians and Americans who want America to have had white North European origins, who therefore want the Vikings to have 'discovered' America, and who in the advancement of that thesis have been willing to twist and manufacture evidence in support of claims grounded in an ideology of racial superiority.
Download or read book The Kensington Rune Stone written by Minnesota Historical Society Museum Com and published by Franklin Classics. This book was released on 2018-10-06 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book These Stones Bear Witness written by Richard White and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2010-08-31 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Columbus discovered America. So they say. But what of Leif Ericsson? What of St. Brendan? Who inscribed that anguished message on the Kensington Rune Stone? And who was The Westford Knight? We are sure that Columbus made it to San Salvador – and back. And the Icelandic Saga shores up faith in Leif Ericsson’s voyage to North America, although scholarly opinion of the Vinland map seems to change every 10 years or so. St. Brendan’s adventure has been pretty generally dismissed as mere myth- as if myth could not be rooted in truth. And the case of the Kensington Rune Stone continues to generate controversy, despite an impressive accumulation of evidence, both environmental and linguistic. And then there is the Westford Knight. In 1954, the late Frank Glynn uncovered the figure of a knight in full armor incised on a slab of glacial rock along a roadside in Westford, Massachusetts. The Knight’s helmet, sword and shield all date to a specific decade in the evolution of armor and arms. And the emblem on the shield represents the armorial bearings of Clan Gunn, a noble family based in Scotland’s County Caithness. The figure is, in fact, a classic military effigy, a type of monument commonly found in ancient gravesites in Scotland and in the north of England. So what was the Knight doing here? Facts cited in this little book suggest that The Westford Knight sailed westward with his high-born kinsman, Henry Sinclair, baron of Rosslyn and Earl of Orkney, in the service of The Lady King. The author presents the evidence: THESE STONES BEAR WITNESS. The verdict is for the reader to decide.
Download or read book Cryptic Code written by Scott F. Wolter and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Third in the Hooked X series, this book explores new scientific findings and recently discovered documents that show a vastly different story of North American history than the current narrative. The revelations in the Cryptic Code are sure to generate new discussion around the medieval Knights Templar, their role in the European exploration of North America, and of the origins of the Hooked X. In Wolter's continued pursuit to understand and authenticate the Kensington Rune Stone, found in Minnesota in 1898, and the important role the Knights Templar had within history, he uncovers the layers of cryptic code that authenticates the Rune Stone once and for all.
Download or read book The Kensington Rune Stone written by Richard Nielsen and published by Outernet Pub.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kensington Rune Stone has been the subject of passionate debate over its authenticity since it was discovered in the roots of a tree near Kensington, Minnesota, by Olof Ohman in 1898. Through the presentation of compelling new evidence this book answers the many nagging questions that have eluded investigators for over 100 years. Much of this new evidence is truly startling and has led to the understanding of not only who carved the stone, but where they came from and why the came to North America. Co-authors geologist Scott Wolter and engineer Richard Nielsen present the evidence of their collective 25 years of research on the artifact. The results of their research present a compelling and convincing case. The Kensington Rune Stone: Compelling New Evidence is both a forensic inquisition and engaging mystery. As an easy-to-follow reference source, it's the must-have guide for making an informed decision about the evidence surrounding one of the most famous inscriptions in North America. As the scientific community's own Da Vinci Code, this book is poised to expose the clash of scientific ideology, politics and academia - while distilling the truth into one clear, but spellbinding, tome. - Publisher.
Download or read book The Kensington Rune Stone written by George T. Flom and published by Andesite Press. This book was released on 2017-08-22 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
