Download or read book The Isolation and Chemistry of Americium written by Burris Bell Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemistry of Americium written by Wallace W. Schulz and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Americium and Curium Chemistry and Technology written by Norman M. Edelstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers included in this volume were presented at the symposium on "Americium and Curium Chemistry and Technology" at the International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies in Honolulu, Hawaii, December 16-21, 1984. This symposium commemorated forty years of research on americium and curium. Accordingly, the papers included in this volume begin with historical perspectives on the discovery of americium and curium and the early characterization of their chemical properties, and then cover a wide range of subjects, such as thermodynamic properties, electronic structure, nuclear reactions, analytic chemistry, high pressure phase transitions, and technological aspects. Thus, this volume is a review of the chemistry of americium and curium, and provides a perspective on the current research on these elements forty years after their discovery. The editors would like to thank the participants in this symposium for their contributions. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the assistance of Ms. Barbara Moriguchi in handling the administrative aspects of the symposium and of the production of this volume. April 2, 1985 Norman M. Edelstein Materials and Molecular Research Division Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. James D. Navratil Rockwell International Rocky Flats Plant P.O. Box 464 Golden, Colorado 80402-0464, U.S.A. Wallace W. Schulz Rockwell Hanford P.O. Box 800 Richland, Washington 99352, U.S.A.
Download or read book The Isolation of Americium 241 in 100 milligram Quantities from Large Amounts of Impurities written by Fritz Weigel and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The preparation of pure americium samples on the order of 100 mg is described. The type of processing depends largely on the individual starting material. It is most strongly influenced by the presence of lanthanides, especially lanthanum itself, which are difficult to separate from the americium. The separation procedures used on five different starting materials are described, and the efficiency of some separation methods is discussed in view of personal experience.
Download or read book The First Isolation of Americium in the Form of Pure Compounds written by Burris Bell Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extraction Chromatography written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1975-06-01 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extraction Chromatography
Download or read book Chemical Isolation of Am 240 and the Adsorption of Europium and Americium Using Silica Supported CMPO Calix 4 arenes written by Erin Marie Gantz May and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation is composed of two projects. The first area of study was the conclusion of a six-year project to determine the neutron-induced fission cross-section of Am-240. This cross-section is difficult to study due to the 50.8 hour half-life of Am-240 but is important for the evaluation of neutron signatures to establish the history of plutonium-containing materials. Such a study is relevant for the fields of nuclear stockpile stewardship and nuclear forensics. Prior to the study outlined here, much of the ground work for this determination had already been provided, including the identification of the Pu-242(p; 3n)Am-240 reaction for the production of approximately 100 nanograms of Am-240 and the development of a preliminary separation procedure to isolate the Am-240 from the unreacted Pu-242 and the undesirable fission and decay products generated from other reactions with the target. However, many variables in the separation procedure needed further investigation. Therefore, a series of column chromatography experiments was performed to determine which of the two previously designed procedures would provide the best purification of 240Am while minimizing the losses. Once the general outline of the procedure was determined, a collaboration with Idaho National Laboratory (INL) made it possible to further refine and test it. Of the four steps in the originally designed procedure, the final step was among the most difficult to accomplish as it involved the separation of the light trivalent lanthanides from americium. Americium/lanthanide separations are dificult due to their identical oxidation states and very similar ionic radii of americium and the lanthanides. The original step utilized a column composed of TEVA® extraction chromatography resin and a mobile phase composed of ammonium thiocyanate and formic acid. Due to the complexity of this procedure, several alternative procedures were tested at INL with the TRU® resin and a mixture of fission products more representative of those that would be found in the actual target. A gas pressurized extraction chromatography (GPEC) system was used to automate the separation and achieve greater resolution between the lanthanide and americium elution peaks. Ultimately, it was demonstrated that the original TEVA® resin procedure was more reliable than the TRU® resin procedure, however the TRU® GPEC experiments may be relevant for future target material separations. The culmination of this project was the testing of the first step of the procedure with one-tenth of the amount of Pu-242 that will be in the actual target. This experiment, in conjunction with the americium/lanthanide separation steps that were tested, prompted a re-evaluation and abbreviation of the overall separation procedure, decreasing the required number of total separation steps from four to two. Therefore, the purification of Am-240 could be accomplished much more quickly and easily than originally anticipated, making the determination of the neutron-induced fission cross-section of Am-240 more of a reasonable possibility in the future. Part II of my dissertation describes the investigation of the adsorption and complexation properties of silica-anchored carbamoylmethylphophine oxide (CMPO)-calix[4]arenes. In Part I, it was demonstrated that the difficulty encountered when separating trivalent lanthanides and actinides can be a severe impediment to accomplishing even fairly straightforward benchtop radiochemical procedures. Much greater motivation for developing new technologies to achieve this are encountered when considering the mixtures of trivalent actinides and lanthanides produced when irradiated nuclear fuel is reprocessed. CMPO, a ligand that binds indiscriminately with both the trivalent actinides and lanthanides, was attached to a calix[4]arene scaffold, which was then attached via two different methods to a silica surface. In previous studies, it has been shown that the CMPO-calix[4]arene has a greater affinity for americium than europium. The experiments in this work aimed to establish whether this relationship held for CMPO-calix[4]arenes anchored in two new ways to the silica surface. It was found that, for a very particular set of conditions - high salt concentration and an aqueous solution pH of 3 - that a CMPO-calix[4]arene very rigidly anchored to the surface of the silica displayed extremely high uptake for Eu(III)when sites outnumbered the number of Eu(III) atoms by at least 10 to 1. This was not found when the same material and conditions were tested with Am(III) nor when the more flexibly anchored CMPO-calix[4]arene material and conditions were tested, leading to the conclusion that both the aqueous solution conditions and the rigidity of the grafted site affect the affinity of the CMPO-calix[4]arene toward cations of interest. The optimization of the CMPO-calix[4]arene system could have been potentially useful for Part I of this dissertation for separating americium and the lanthanides, had it existed at the time, and could eventually be applied to the separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides at the conclusion of nuclear fuel reprocessing. Part I and Part II contribute to two different areas of actinide/lanthanide separation research, with Part I focused on optimizing existing resin systems to achieve separation and Part II focused on testing new materials specifically intended for separating trivalent actinides and lanthanides. Part I shows that existing resin systems can be used to rapidly purify a very small amount of americium from much greater amounts of plutonium, the lanthanides, and other elements. Part II demonstrates that the affinity of a grafted CMPO-calix[4]arene site for either trivalent actinides or lanthanides can be tailored based on the rigidity of the grafting to the solid and the aqueous phase conditions. Separately, it is hoped that these studies can be applied to work focused on detailed actinide target material purification and new innovations in actinide/lanthanide separations, respectively. However, it is also hoped that, cumulatively, these studies contribute to a broader understanding of actinide and lanthanide interactions with ligands designed to effect their separation, both for benchtop laboratory separations and nuclear fuel reprocessing.
Download or read book Chemistry of Americium written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential features of the descriptive chemistry of americium are reviewed. Chapter titles are: discovery, atomic and nuclear properties, collateral reading, production and uses, chemistry in aqueous solution, metal, alloys, and compounds, and, recovery, separation, purification. Author and subject indexes are included. (JCB).
Download or read book Nature s Building Blocks written by John Emsley and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2003 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A readable, informative, fascinating entry on each one of the 100-odd chemical elements, arranged alphabetically from actinium to zirconium. Each entry comprises an explanation of where the element's name comes from, followed by Body element (the role it plays in living things), Element ofhistory (how and when it was discovered), Economic element (what it is used for), Environmental element (where it occurs, how much), Chemical element (facts, figures and narrative), and Element of surprise (an amazing, little-known fact about it). A wonderful 'dipping into' source for the familyreference shelf and for students.
Download or read book Qualitative Separation of Americium and Plutonium Using Cupferron written by J. P. Nigon and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Thermodynamics of Americium written by R.J. Silva and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume in a series of critical reviews of the chemical thermodynamic data of those elements of particular importance in the safety assessment modeling of high-level radioactive waste storage and disposal facilities. The objective of these reviews is to provide a set of reliable thermodynamic data that can be used to describe the behaviour of these elements under conditions relevant for radioactive waste disposal systems and the geochemical environments. The present volume is a review of experimental data reported in the literature for americium. On a few occasions, where no data existed, comparisons and estimates were made based on experimental data on analog lanthanide elements. The basic philosophy was to develop a minimum set of solid phases and solution species of americium that would fit all experimental data being reviewed.
Download or read book Separation of Americium and Promethium written by R. S. Pressly and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements 3rd ed Volumes 1 5 written by L.R. Morss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 4059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements is a contemporary and definitive compilation of chemical properties of all of the actinide elements, especially of the technologically important elements uranium and plutonium, as well as the transactinide elements. In addition to the comprehensive treatment of the chemical properties of each element, ion, and compound from atomic number 89 (actinium) through to 109 (meitnerium), this multi-volume work has specialized and definitive chapters on electronic theory, optical and laser fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, organoactinide chemistry, thermodynamics, magnetic properties, the metals, coordination chemistry, separations, and trace analysis. Several chapters deal with environmental science, safe handling, and biological interactions of the actinide elements. The Editors invited teams of authors, who are active practitioners and recognized experts in their specialty, to write each chapter and have endeavoured to provide a balanced and insightful treatment of these fascinating elements at the frontier of the periodic table. Because the field has expanded with new spectroscopic techniques and environmental focus, the work encompasses five volumes, each of which groups chapters on related topics. All chapters represent the current state of research in the chemistry of these elements and related fields.
Download or read book Update on the Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium and Technetium written by R. Guillaumont and published by . This book was released on 2003-11-04 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is part of the series on "Chemical Thermodynamics", published under the aegis of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, and updates and expands the thermodynamic data on inorganic compounds and complexes of uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium and technetium contained in the previous volumes of the series. A review team, composed of seven internationally recognized experts, has critically reviewed during five years all the scientific literature containing chemical thermodynamic information for the above mentioned systems that has appeared since the publication of the earlier volumes. The results of this critical review carried out following the Guidelines of the OECD NEA Thermochemical Database Project have been documented in the present volume, which contains new tables of selected values for formation and reaction thermodynamical properties and an extensive bibliography.
Download or read book THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF AMERICIUM written by and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Americium 241 written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Used extensively in nuclear gauges and in many other areas, this man-made element (Atomic Number 95) was first isolated in weighable amounts during World War II. Americium is now a very useful by-product of the nuclear industry and is produced in kilogram amounts by appropriate recovery, separation and purification processes. A review will be presented of its discovery, nuclear and chemical properties, and uses, with emphasis on its production process and separations chemistry.
Download or read book The Quantitative Separation of Americium from Plutonium and Uranium written by H. W. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
