Download or read book The Intergranular Cracking Behavior of NI CR FE low C Alloys at 360C written by Thomas Martin Angeliu and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book UNDERSTANDING THE MECHANISMS CONTROLLING ENVIRONMENTALLY ASSISTED INTERGRANULAR CRACKING OF NICKEL BASE ALLOYS written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creep and IG cracking of nickel-base alloys depend principally on two factors--the deformation behavior and the effect of the environment. We have shown that both contribute to the observed degradation in primary water. The understanding of cracking does not lie wholly within the environmental effects arena, nor can it be explained only by intrinsic mechanical behavior. Rather, both processes contribute to the observed behavior in primary water. In this project, we had three objectives: (1) to verify that grain boundaries control deformation in Ni-16Cr-9Fe at 360 C, (2) to identify the environmental effect on IGSCC, and (3) to combine CSLBs and GBCs to maximize IGSCC resistance in Ni-Cr-Fe in 360 C primary water. Experiments performed in hydrogen gas at 360 C confirm an increase in the primary creep rate in Ni-16Cr-9Fe at 360 C due to hydrogen. The creep strain transients caused by hydrogen are proposed to be due to the collapse of dislocation pile-ups, as confirmed by observations in HVEM. The observations only partially support the hydrogen-enhanced plasticity model, but also suggest a potential role of vacancies in the accelerate creep behavior in primary water. In high temperature oxidation experiments designed to examine the potential for selective internal oxidation in the IGSCC process, cracking is greatest in the more oxidizing environments compared to the low oxygen potential environments where nickel metal is stable. In Ni-Cr-Fe alloys, chromium oxides form preferentially along the grain boundaries, even at low oxygen potential, supporting a potential role in grain boundary embrittlement due to preferential oxidation. Experiments designed to determine the role of grain boundary deformation on intergranular cracking have established, for the first time, a cause-and-effect relationship between grain boundary deformation and IGSCC. That is, grain boundary deformation in Ni-16Cr-9Fe in 360 C primary water leads to IGSCC of the deformed boundaries. As well, the activation energy for grain boundary diffusion driving grain boundary deformation, QHAB=231 kJ/mole, is comparable to that for IGSCC initiation (212-241 kJ/mole), suggesting that grain boundary deformation is also the rate limiting factor for crack initiation. The resistance to IGSCC of Ni-16Cr-9Fe can be maximized by combining grain boundary misorientation with grain boundary carbide precipitation. Taken separately, an increased coincident site lattice fraction, and precipitation of grain boundary carbides increase the resistance to IGSCC initiation in 360 C primary water. In combination, the increase in resistance is greater than either of the effects taken separately. The grain boundary carbides tend to prefer the high angle boundaries, and thus, the combined treatment affords greater resistance by protecting a higher fraction of grain boundaries than either taken separately.
Download or read book Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking and Selective Internal Oxidation of Ni Cr Fe Alloys in Hydrogenated Steam written by Brent M. Capell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ninth International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems written by Steve Bruemmer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 1776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents an exchange of ideas among scientists and engineers about the economic and safety concerns surrounding environmentally induced materials problems which lead to nuclear power plant outages. Scientists and engineers concerned with the environmental degradation processes (corrosion, mechanical, and radiation effects) present their latest results on such topics as life extension/relicensing and materials problems associated with spent fuel storage and radioactive waste disposal. This collection will be of interest to utility engineers, reactor vendor engineers, plant architect engineers, researchers concerned with materials degradation, and consultants involved in design, construction, and operation of water reactors.
Download or read book The Role of Grain Boundary Chemistry and Structure in the Environmentally assisted Intergranular Cracking of Nickel base Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress corrosion cracking tests in constant extension rate tensile (CERT) and constant load tensile (CLT) tests were conducted on Ni-xCr- 9Fe-yC in Ar, water, and a LiOH-boric acid solution. Cr and C improve the resistance of Ni-base alloys to IG cracking in both Ar and water at 360C. Since creep plays a role in IG cracking, one possible explanation for the role of the environment involves its effect on the creep. Experiments were conducted on the role of C in the deformation behavior and failure mode of Ni-16Cr-9Fe. Constant load experiments were conducted on Ni-16Cr-9Fe to determine if the CLT test is more aggressive than CERT. The electron backscattering technique in a SEM is being developed in order to extend the IG cracking studies to grain sizes typical of commercial alloys, 20-30 microns.
Download or read book The Role of Grain Boundary Chemistry and Structure in the Environmentally assisted Intergranular Cracking of Nickel base Alloys Progress Report December 1 1990 November 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress focused on (1) determination of the role of C and Cr on deformation and IG cracking behavior of Ni-(5--30)Cr-9Fe, (2) determination of the effect of grain boundary misorientation on IG cracking behavior, (3) construction of an electron backscattering pattern (EBSP) imaging system, (4) determination of effect of the environment on creep and cracking, and (5) characterization of the surface film. Results showed that both C and Cr are potent solid solution strengtheners which can reduce the steady state creep rate at 360[degree]C by several orders of magnitude. Intergranular cracking of 100 [mu]m grain samples of high purity Ni-16Cr-9Fe at 360[degree]C occurs by formation of grain boundary voids and interlinkage, driven by dislocation creep in the matrix. Creep experiments in primary water at 360[degree]C and an applied cathodic potential show that the creep rate is increased by an order of magnitude over that in Ar and the percent IG fracture increases as well. Oxide film composition and thickness is a sensitive function of the C content, increasing in thickness and Ni(OH)[sub 2] content with increase in C or decrease in Cr to 5 wt%. Thermomechanical treatments along with electron channeling pattern (ECP) analysis wee used to create and index, samples with enhanced fractions of coincident site lattice boundaries (CSLBs). Constant extension rate tensile (CERT) experiments on samples with a high percentage of CSLBs showed IG cracking compared with general high angle boundaries. However, these experiments were conducted on grain sizes of 300 [mu]m, while commercial material is an order of magnitude smaller. An electron backscattering pattern imaging system has been constructed for an environmental scanning electron microscope which can image grains below [mu]m. The system has been successfully benchmarked against results from ECP analysis.
Download or read book The Role of Grain Boundary Chemistry and Structure in the Environmentally assisted Intergranular Cracking of Nickel base Alloys Progress Report August 1 1991 July 31 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress corrosion cracking tests in constant extension rate tensile (CERT) and constant load tensile (CLT) tests were conducted on Ni-xCr- 9Fe-yC in Ar, water, and a LiOH-boric acid solution. Cr and C improve the resistance of Ni-base alloys to IG cracking in both Ar and water at 360C. Since creep plays a role in IG cracking, one possible explanation for the role of the environment involves its effect on the creep. Experiments were conducted on the role of C in the deformation behavior and failure mode of Ni-16Cr-9Fe. Constant load experiments were conducted on Ni-16Cr-9Fe to determine if the CLT test is more aggressive than CERT. The electron backscattering technique in a SEM is being developed in order to extend the IG cracking studies to grain sizes typical of commercial alloys, 20-30 microns.
Download or read book Nuclear Corrosion written by Stefan Ritter and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-08-14 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Corrosion: Research, Progress and Challenges, part of the "Green Book series of the EFC, builds upon the foundations of the very first book published in this series in 1989 ("Number 1 - Corrosion in the Nuclear Industry). This newest volume provides an overview on state-of-the-art research in some of the most important areas of nuclear corrosion. Chapters covered include aging phenomena in light water reactors, reprocessing plants, nuclear waste disposal, and supercritical water and liquid metal systems. This book will be a vital resource for both researchers and engineers working within the nuclear field in both academic and industrial environments. - Discusses industry related aspects of materials in nuclear power generation and how these materials react with the environment - Provides comprehensive coverage of the topic as written by noted experts in the field - Includes coverage of nuclear waste corrosion
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-03 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EFFECTS OF GRAIN BOUNDARY CHEMISTRY ON THE INTERGRANULAR CRACKING BEHAVIOR OF NICKEL 16 CHROMIUM 9 IRON IN HIGH TEMPERATURE HIGH PURITY WATER AND 50 SODIUM HYDROXIDE SODIUM HYDROXIDE NICKEL CHROMIUM IRON written by JIN KYUNG SUNG and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In deaerated ($
Download or read book Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking of Ni Cr Fe Alloy 600 Tubes in PWR Primary Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking written by V S Raja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which causes sudden failure of metals and other materials subjected to stress in corrosive environment(s), has a significant impact on a number of sectors including the oil and gas industries and nuclear power production. Stress corrosion cracking reviews the fundamentals of the phenomenon as well as examining stress corrosion behaviour in specific materials and particular industries.The book is divided into four parts. Part one covers the mechanisms of SCC and hydrogen embrittlement, while the focus of part two is on methods of testing for SCC in metals. Chapters in part three each review the phenomenon with reference to a specific material, with a variety of metals, alloys and composites discussed, including steels, titanium alloys and polymer composites. In part four, the effect of SCC in various industries is examined, with chapters covering subjects such as aerospace engineering, nuclear reactors, utilities and pipelines.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Stress corrosion cracking is an essential reference for engineers and designers working with metals, alloys and polymers, and will be an invaluable tool for any industries in which metallic components are exposed to tension, corrosive environments at ambient and high temperatures. - Examines the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) presenting recognising testing methods and materials resistant to SCC - Assesses the effect of SCC on particular metals featuring steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, magnesium alloys, copper-based alloys and welds in steels - Reviews the monitoring and management of SCC and the affect of SCC in different industries such as petrochemical and aerospace
Download or read book Nickel Cobalt and Their Alloys written by Joseph R. Davis and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to the compositions, properties, processing, performance, and applications of nickel, cobalt, and their alloys. It includes all of the essential information contained in the ASM Handbook series, as well as new or updated coverage in many areas in the nickel, cobalt, and related industries.
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Fe cr ni Alloys in Caustic Environments written by R. W. STAEHLE and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion Resistance of Steels Nickel Alloys and Zinc in Aqueous Media written by Michael Schütze and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-05 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is derived from the online reference "Corrosion Handbook", bringing together the relevant information about corrosion protection and prevention for steels, one of the most widely used materials. It provides comprehensive information, including tabulated data and references, on the corrosion properties of the following materials: Unalloyed steels and cast steel, unalloyed cast iron, high-alloy cast iron, high-silicon cast iron, structural steels with up to 12% chromium, ferritic chromium steels with more than 12% chromium, ferritic-austenitic steels with more than 12% chromium, high-alloy multiphase steels, ferritic/perlitic-martensitic steels, ferritic-austenitic steels/duplex steels, austenitic chromium-nickel steels, austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum steels, austenitic chromium-nickel steels with special alloying additions, special iron-based alloys, and zinc. The following corrosive media are considered: Seawater, brackish water, industrial waste water, municipal waste water, drinking water, high-purity water.
Download or read book High Performance Stainless Steels written by Curtis W. Kovach and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japanese Science and Technology 1983 1984 written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
