Download or read book The Initiation of Detonation by a Shock Wave in Cast Trotil written by A. N. Dremin and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental data are presented on the initiation of detonation in cast trotil (TNT) of density = 1.62 by a shock wave with pressure at the front of 100,000 atm.
Download or read book Studies on Shock Wave Initiation of Gaseous Detonation written by Edward Forbes Greene and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library Vol 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-02-05 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library Vol 4 written by F. Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth of several volumes on solids in this series, the six extensive chapters here are more specifically concerned with detonation and shock compression waves in reactive heterogeneous media, including mixtures of solid, liquid and gas phases.
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library Vol 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-05-04 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Download or read book Shock Waves Science and Technology Library Vol 6 written by F. Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, as a volume of the Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, is primarily concerned with the fundamental theory of detonation physics in gaseous and condensed phase reactive media. The detonation process involves complex chemical reaction and fluid dynamics, accompanied by intricate effects of heat, light, electricity and magnetism - a contemporary research field that has found wide applications in propulsion and power, hazard prevention as well as military engineering. The seven extensive chapters contained in this volume are: - Chemical Equilibrium Detonation (S Bastea and LE Fried) - Steady One-Dimensional Detonations (A Higgins) - Detonation Instability (HD Ng and F Zhang) - Dynamic Parameters of Detonation (AA Vasiliev) - Multi-Scaled Cellular Detonation (D Desbordes and HN Presles) - Condensed Matter Detonation: Theory and Practice (C Tarver) - Theory of Detonation Shock Dynamics (JB Bdzil and DS Stewart) The chapters are thematically interrelated in a systematic descriptive approach, though, each chapter is self-contained and can be read independently from the others. It offers a timely reference of theoretical detonation physics for graduate students as well as professional scientists and engineers.
Download or read book Characteristic Study of the Initiation of Detonation written by Harry Bernard Dyner and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of the Initiation of Detonation Behind a Reflected Shock Wave written by Thomas John Krusic and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this work was to develop an experimental apparatus for the study of the initiation of detonation in a gaseous medium as a result of shock compression. The design of the apparatus is described, and results of some preliminary experiments are reported. They indicate that the mechanism of the initiation process behind reflected waves in a shock tube is essentially different than that caused by an accelerating flame. (Author).
Download or read book History of Shock Waves Explosions and Impact written by Peter O. K. Krehl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-24 with total page 1298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique and encyclopedic reference work describes the evolution of the physics of modern shock wave and detonation from the earlier and classical percussion. The history of this complex process is first reviewed in a general survey. Subsequently, the subject is treated in more detail and the book is richly illustrated in the form of a picture gallery. This book is ideal for everyone professionally interested in shock wave phenomena.
Download or read book Initiation of Detonation in Composition B by an Underwater Shock Wave written by Michael Chung and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Initiation of detonation resulting from a collision of a shock wave with an orifice written by C. K. Chan and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Reaction Mechanism in the Shock Initiation of Detonation A Theoretical Study written by Jack Alster and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a chain explosion, the initial chemical reaction follows one or more modes of reaction (1,2). The ensuing highly reactive transient species, commonly believed to be radicals, react with intact explosive molecules to produce more radicals which ultimately recombine and release energy sufficient to support a detonation wave. To achieve better control over the detonation process it is important to know the rate of the relatively slow, primary reaction step and the nature of the transient species produced in this step. When, in particular, a condensed explosive experiences the high dynamic pressure of a strong, initiating shock wave, it may initially decompose via a bimolecular rather than a more commonly accepted unimolecular process. The present study was undertaken to examine this question in relation to the primary reaction step in liquid methyl nitrate undergoing shock initiation of detonation.
Download or read book Detonation Initiation in a Hot Jet and by Colliding Fragments written by Egil Borse and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report describes three phases with experimental observations and theoretical evaluations related to the initiation of detonation in a hot jet caused by the jet itself or by colliding fragments. The report is based upon an evaluation of accidental explosions where initiations of detonations in actual past accidents seem to be connected with the existence of a local constant volume combustion process inside a vapour cloud. There exist two plausible mechanisms for the initiation of detonation -- one is based upon the existence of a radical gradient in a hot jet, which during the initiation process amplifies the process by e.g. the SWACER mechanism through a critical length or volume until a self-sustained detonation wave is formed. -- the other mechanism is that a constant volume combustion (which produces the hot jet) causes metal to fragment and that the collisions between fragments or a wall produces a shock wave strong enough to initiate a detonation. Phase 1 and 2 of this report show that the first mechanism needs one additional factor: either a large scale vortex (phase 2) or the production of a Mach-Stem by merging two or more "low strength" shocks (phase 1). Phase 1 shows through streak and single spark Schlieren photography the most common mechanisms of detonation initiation. Phase 1 also gives additional evidence of the quenching characteristics of a detonation wave. Phase 2 gives evidence of the increased flame velocity in a hot jet and the formation of vortices by use of single spark Schlieren photography and pressure readings. The results from phase 2 indicate that the production of vortices is only secondary in the initiation of detonation in a hot jet; the vortices must only be of a particular size. The discussion in phase 1 shows that the production of Mach-Stem by merging two or more "low strength" shocks might be the prime mechanism of initiation in addition to a mechanism which could well be the SWACER mechanism. Phase 3 shows that detonation initiation caused by colliding fragments might be possible and is a more plausible explanation of past accidents involving initiation of detonation than the above mechanisms. That the pressure build-up is close to the natural frequency of diaphragm seems to be a necessary condition for initiation of detonation in the experimental apparatus used in phase 3. This might explain why detonation initiation in accidental gas explosions only occurs in relation to a constant volume combustion (explosion), but even then, only occasionally. A final theory of detonation initiation by e.g. a static electric discharge initiation a series of vortices building up a system of wavelets, is suggested. The wavelets discussed in phase 1 and the turbulence discussed as secondary to the wavelets in phase 2 might then form a process which is similar to the Swacer mechanism in theory, but not in the physics. There is no final evidence whether this process also is acting in phase 3, with or without help from the fragmentation. A static electric discharge might compete with the fragmentation theory in phase 3, or the shock reflection theory in phase 1, in explaining past accidents
Download or read book Initiation of detonation resulting from a collision of a shock wave with obstacles written by C. K. Chan and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Detonation Initiation by Annular Jets and Shock Waves written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project was an experimental test of the concept of initiating detonations in PDEs with imploding shock waves. The existing 6-inch shock tube at Caltech was used to create hot, high pressure air behind a reflected shock wave. The hot air created an imploding annular shock wave when it jetted through an annular orifice into a 76 mm diameter, 1 m long tube attached to the end of the shock tube. The test tube was filled with either stoichiometric ethylene-oxygen or propane-oxygen diluted with nitrogen. Piezoelectric pressure transducers and ionization gauges were used to determine the type of combustion event initiated by the annular jet of hot air. The stagnation conditions in the shock tube and the amount of dilution with nitrogen in the test section were varied to find the critical conditions for the onset of detonation in each test mixture. Less sensitive (high dilution) mixtures required larger stagnation pressures in order to initiate a detonation. We were unable to initiate either ethylene or propane-air mixtures within our facility limits. Extrapolation of the low-dilution data indicates that very high stagnation pressures (> 16 bar) are required.
Download or read book Contribution to the Study of the Initiation of Detonation Produced by Impact on an Explosive written by Henri Bernier and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initiation of detonation by impact on an explosive is described and discussed in detail. The differences in behavior of homogeneous and heterogeneous explosives are delineated and discussed. A mathematical model is proposed which provides results agreeing with the results of an experimental study of the generation of detonation in a solid granular explosive. A critical examination of various theoretical studies of the initiation of detonation by shock wave is included.
Download or read book Initiation of Detonation by Low Amplitude Shocks written by F. C. Gibson and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research is reported on the initiation and growth of detonations in propellants and explosives. Current emphasis is placed on reactions that result from low amplitude shock wave stimuli in liquid explosives; the resultant decomposition is usually a low-velocity detonation. (Author).
