Download or read book The Influence of Silvicultural Practices on Tree Properties in Norway Spruce written by Fredrik Klang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of Silvicultural Practices on Mechanical Properties of Softwood Timber written by Luka Krajnc and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in the use of structural timber in construction over recent years has been one of the main drivers behind the renewed interest in optimizing forest management for timber quality. Past research and forest management have been more focused on producing larger quantities of timber in a shorter amount of time, while the relationship between forest management and timber quality is not well understood. A better understanding of that relationship is needed in order to successfully manipulate the quality of the timber produced, especially in fast growing species currently planted and grown in Ireland and elsewhere in Europe. This research study examined the relationships between tree characteristics, forest management and timber quality in three softwood species, grown in Ireland. A relatively large-scale study was performed, using trees from six different stands of Douglas fir, Norway spruce and Sitka spruce. Half of the stands was regularly managed with thinning and the other half was not managed. A total of 600 standing trees of different species was included, and their crown and stem properties were assessed. Acoustic velocity was measured in all trees of the three main softwood species, after which the trees were felled and a sub-sample of them sawn into structural-sized timber. Over 1300 structural-sized boards were assessed non-destructively and tested destructively in four-point bending. Small clear specimens were extracted as close to the fracture as possible, evaluated non-destructively and tested in three-point bending. The data were analysed using a novel, multi-level approach using Bayesian data analysis. The analysis was conducted on the full sample of standing trees using acoustic velocity, on the sub-sample of trees cut into structural-sized boards using mechanical properties and on small clear specimens using mechanical properties. This innovative approach enabled a comparison of the analyzed relationships across three different measurement levels instead of only using one, as commonly done by past studies. The results indicate that thinning negatively affects mechanical properties overall, with the size of the loss dependent on the species. In Sitka spruce, the loss was negligible and thinning was recommended for maximizing volume production with a negligible loss in mechanical properties. Tree characteristics were shown to have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the timber. Crown social class was found to have an effect, as did crown projection area and stem slenderness. Several other measured variables (crown ratio, crown eccentricity or crown roundness) were found to have no influence on mechanical properties. This study also examined the use of acoustic velocity in standing trees for prediction of timber quality. The results indicate that acoustic velocity cannot be used reliably in larger-diameter trees for prediction of the mechanical properties of timber. While this appears to be possible in smaller-diameter trees, alternative methods of evaluating timber of standing trees are needed to achieve the same in trees of larger diameters. This study also examined the relationships between mechanical properties of boards and small clear specimens cut from those boards. Overall, the relationships were poor-to-moderate. However, this study has successfully demonstrated that in order to evaluate mechanical properties on the level of an individual tree, either specimen size could potentially be used. In both specimen sizes the non-destructive evaluation of mechanical properties reflected the mechanical properties relatively well, suggesting that non-destructive evaluation of timber specimens can present a suitable replacement to destructive testing of specimens under certain conditions.
Download or read book Biology and Ecology of Norway Spruce written by Mark G. Tjoelker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a concise and comprehensive review of the biology, ecology, and management of Norway spruce. Written by 25 experts in the field, and richly illustrated, it integrates classic and contemporary literature. More than 2000 works are cited in the text, which highlights basic research and forestry practices in central and Eastern Europe. The huge range of topics covered includes the species’ morphology, its physiology and nutrition, and its ecology.
Download or read book Effects of Thinning on Wood Properties of Norway Spruce on Highly Productive Sites written by Rolf Pape and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Theory and Practice of Silviculture written by Frederick Storrs Baker and published by . This book was released on 1934 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable Forestry in Southern Sweden written by Mats Niklasson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-06-02 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forestry is one of the most important foundations of the Scandinavian economies. Sustainable Forestry in Southern Sweden: The SUFOR Research Project reviews the findings from the eight-year research program first launched in 1997 that searched for applicable ways to maintain sustainable forestry in the region. Respected scholars and experts discuss ways to bridge the chasm separating the world of research with the world of trade and industry. Biodiversity, the impact of humans, environmental conditions, and other facets of sustainability are all presented and discussed in detail. The book is extensively referenced and includes several tables to ensure clarity of data.
Download or read book Effects of Silvicultural Practices on the Incidence of Root and Butt Rot in Norway Spruce with Special Emphasis on Heterobasidion Annosum written by Gudmund Vollbrecht and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable Forest Management written by Nordic Council Of Ministers Staff and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1996 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecophysiology of Northern Spruce Species written by Steven C. Grossnickle and published by NRC Research Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual offers foresters information to help them understand the performance of spruce seedlings after being planted on a reforestation site. It was written for university students taking a regeneration silviculture class, and foresters and researchers who work with spruce species.
Download or read book Plantation Forests and Biodiversity Oxymoron or Opportunity written by Eckehard G. Brockerhoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-23 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 Plantation forests and biodiversity: Oxymoron or opportunity? Forests form the natural vegetation over much of the Earth’s land, and they are critical for the survival of innumerable organisms. The ongoing loss of natural forests, which in some regions may have taken many millennia to develop, is one of the main reasons for the decline of biodiversity. Preventing the further destruction of forests and protecting species and ecosystems within forests have become central issues for environmental agencies, forest managers, and gove- ments. In this di?cult task science has an important role in informing policy and management as to how to go about this. So how do industrial and other pl- tation forests ?t into this? Plantation forests, comprised of rows of planted trees that may be destined for pulp or sawmills after only a few years of growth, appear to have little to c- tribute to the conservation of biodiversity. Yet there is more to this than meets the eye (of the casual observer), and there are indeed numerous opportunities, and often untapped potential, for biodiversity conservation in plantation forestry. With plantation forests expanding at a rate of approximately three million hectares per year, it is crucial to understand how plantations can make a positive contribution to biodiversity conservation and how the potentially negative impacts of this land use can be minimised. That is the topic of this book.
Download or read book Norway Spruce Conversion Options and Consequences written by Heinrich Spiecker and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up to the end of the 19th century, many European forests suffered from devastation and soil deterioration, which caused fears of timber shortage. In order to counteract this possible shortage, many forest areas were reforested with coniferous tree species, especially Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst). Consequently, coniferous forests (often Norway spruce forests), consisting of trees of the same age, were established on many sites naturally dominated by broadleaves. As a result, damages caused by storm, snow, ice, drought, insects, fungi and possibly soil degradation seemed to occur more frequently in these secondary Norway spruce forests than in forests consisting of species better adapted to the ambient conditions. Conversion of Norway spruce stands may reduce these risks and upgrade biodiversity and the genetic potential of forests. As the economic results of forestry, future wood markets and various other goods and services that are provided to society by forest ecosystems, are affected by present and future decision-making, all aspects of conversion must be well understood. EFI's Regional Project Centre, CONFOREST, is continuously striving to improve implementation of conversion projects by consolidation of the expertise available in all forestry disciplines. This book comprises the findings in all conversion-related areas aiming to consider ecosystem needs while ensuring availability of silvicultural methods and operational feasibility of their implementation. Simultaneously, the cost-effectiveness of conversion scenarios is analysed by forestry economists. Since a change in public perception and ecological awareness may cause policy makers to either or not endorse further conversion efforts, input by experts in forestry politics is also provided.
Download or read book Biology and Ecology of Norway Spruce written by Mark G. Tjoelker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a concise and comprehensive review of the biology, ecology, and management of Norway spruce. Written by 25 experts in the field, and richly illustrated, it integrates classic and contemporary literature. More than 2000 works are cited in the text, which highlights basic research and forestry practices in central and Eastern Europe. The huge range of topics covered includes the species’ morphology, its physiology and nutrition, and its ecology.
Download or read book Forest Fertilization Theory and Practice written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forest Products and Wood Science written by Rubin Shmulsky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-11 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated seventh edition of the classic text on wood science and forestry The seventh edition of Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction offers a fully revised and updated review of the forest products industry. This classic text contains a comprehensive review of the subject and presents a thorough understanding of the anatomical and physical nature of wood. The authors emphasize its use as an industrial raw material. Forest Products and Wood Science provides thorough coverage of all aspects of wood science and industry, ranging from tree growth and wood anatomy to a variety of economically important wood products, along with their applications and performance. The text explores global raw materials, the increasing use of wood as a source of energy and chemicals and environmental implications of the use of wood. This edition features new material on structural composites, non-structural composites, durability and protection, pulp and paper, energy and chemicals, and global raw materials. This seventh edition of the classic work: Contains new information on a variety of topics including: structural composites, non-structural composites, durability and protection, pulp and paper, energy and chemicals and global raw materials Includes a fully revised text that meets the changing needs of the forestry, engineering, and wood science academics and professionals Presents material written by authors with broad experience in both the private and academic sectors Written for undergraduate students in forestry, natural resources, engineering, and wood science, as well as forest industry personnel, engineers, wood-based manufacturing and using professionals, the seventh edition of Forest Products and Wood Science updates the classic text that has become an indispensable resource.
Download or read book Dynamics Silviculture and Management of Mixed Forests written by Andrés Bravo-Oviedo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The capacity of mixed forests to mitigate climate change effects by increasing resilience and lowering risks is pinpointed as an opportunity to highlight the role of tree species rich forests as part of complex socio-ecological systems. This book updates and presents the state-of-the-art of mixed forest performance in terms of regeneration, growth, yield and delivery of ecosystem services. Examples from more than 20 countries in Europe, North Africa and South America provide insights on the interplay between structure and functionining, stability, silviculture and optimization of management of this type of forests. The book also analyses the role of natural mixed forests and mixed plantations in the delivery of ecosystem services and the best modelling strategy to study mixed forest dynamics. The book is intended to serve as a reference tool for students, researchers and professionals concerned about the management of mixed forests in a context of social and environmental change.
Download or read book The Effects of Certain Factors of Site on the Physical and Structural Properties of Norway Spruce Wood written by Adolph Robert Groncki and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forest Growth and Timber Quality Crown Models and Simulation Methods for Sustainable Forest Management written by Dennis P. Dykstra and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the relationships between forest management activities and timber quality. Sessions were organized to explore models and simulation methodologies that contribute to an understanding of tree development over time and the ways that management and harvesting activities can influence the quality of timber products recovered from those trees. Five keynote addresses, 29 plenary presentations, and 16 poster presentations covered the full breadth of forest growth and timber quality issues related to forest management. These proceedings comprise 19 papers based on presentations and posters, plus 28 abstracts for presentations. Also includes abstracts and slides from the presentations prepared by three keynote speakers. Illustrations.
