Download or read book The Influence of Land Use and Mediterranean Seasonality on California Stream Fishes written by Kristina Yoshida and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwaters ecosystems support extraordinary biodiversity relative to their extent and provide important societal benefits. As such, freshwater environments and biota are often heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities. Freshwater fishes in Mediterranean-climate regions are especially impacted because of large human populations in these regions and extensive agricultural production, extensive river modification for flood control and to meet societal demands, and because these systems are heavily invaded by non-native organisms. The distribution and ecology of freshwater fishes in Mediterranean-climate regions are also influenced by the distinct wet and dry periods and the high inter-annual variability in precipitation. Thus, efforts to manage and conserve native fishes in Mediterranean-climate regions require understanding both the effects of human disturbance and the strong seasonality that characterizes these regions. In this dissertation, I examine the relationship between land use and Mediterranean seasonality on freshwater fishes in streams within the greater San Francisco Bay region in California, USA. In my second chapter, I use a multivariate approach to explore variability among fish communities in 25 Bay Area watersheds. I found that a combination of local (water conductivity) and watershed-scale factors (percent forested watershed, watershed area, elevation) were important predictors of fish communities across sites. Furthermore, watershed-scale factors had indirect effects on fish communities through their influence on a local-scale factor, water conductivity. The results of this chapter highlight the importance of considering both the direct and indirect effects of watershed-scale factors on freshwater fish communities. In my third chapter, I continued my analysis of land use and fish communities with a focus on contemporary land change. For this chapter, I performed a resurvey study, surveying the habitat and fish communities in 32 sites in the Alameda Creek Watershed that had been surveyed by Dr. Robert Leidy in the mid-1990s, including sites in the rapidly urbanizing Livermore Valley region. Again using a multivariate approach, I found that the increase in urbanization across an approximately 16-year period was related to change in fish community composition, a decline in native species richness, and a decline in a common native cyprinid - changes that were not observed in another part of the watershed that has experienced little land use change in the last 16 years. The relationship between land use change and fish community change was strongest when considering land use change at a local scale. These results suggest that ongoing land change alters fish communities and that contemporary resurveys are an important tool for examining how freshwater taxa respond to recent and ongoing environmental change. In my final chapter, I assessed how seasonal drought, a characteristic feature of Mediterranean-climate systems, influenced food webs in a small intermittent stream in Marin County, CA that provides rearing habitat for threatened steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). I used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to characterize food web structure and the trophic position of a suite of predators in this system, including O. mykiss and several macroinvertebrate predators. I compared food web snapshots across time, as well as between permanent and temporary pools. I found that the intermittent stream food web remained relatively stable across time and did not differ between pool types. However, I also found significant changes in the trophic position, niche width, and mean [delta]13C values for aquatic predators. This study provides an important first look at the trophic ecology of an imperiled fish species in intermittent streams during the summer drought season, and emphasizes that food chain length increases across the drought season, possibly because invertebrate prey are concentrated with declining water levels. In conclusion, my research shows that anthropogenic factors at the watershed scale influence instream conditions and freshwater fish communities, and emphasizes that contemporary changes in land use can have subtle changes on fish community structure, which may be indicative of future declines of extirpations of native fishes. Finally, my research shows that changing conditions across the summer drought season lead to shifts in the trophic ecology of some, but not all, aquatic predators, including threatened steelhead trout. Overall my research contributes to a growing body of research that demonstrates how multi-scale natural and anthropogenic factors influence freshwater fishes in Mediterranean-climate region.
Download or read book Anadromous Fish Habitat in California s Mediterranean climate Watersheds written by Jeff John Opperman and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Watershed Land Use on The Seasonal Energy Dynamics Condition and Parasite Communities of Stream Fish written by Jacqueline Chapman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stream Flows for Salmon and Society written by Theodore Evan William Grantham and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation addresses the complex relationships between human water demands and ecosystem water needs in the Mediterranean-climate region of northern California. Through a combination of long-term ecological data analysis, hydrologic modeling, and field studies of ecological-flow relationships, the research presented examines the challenges and opportunities for managing water to sustain freshwater ecosystems, with a particular emphasis on the environmental flow requirements of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In coastal California watersheds, stream flows are increasingly impacted by small-scale withdrawals from agriculture and residential water users. While the effects of large dams have been extensively-studied, relatively little is known about the cumulative impacts of small-scale water-management practices on freshwater ecosystems. Analysis of a long-term record of fish count data revealed a strong positive relationship between stream flow and the over-summer survival of juvenile salmon and provided evidence that insufficient stream flows during the spring and summer rearing period has become an important limiting factor to threatened steelhead trout populations. These finding suggest that changes in water use practices that maintain dry season flows are critical for salmon population recovery. A reduction in dry season water diversions could potentially be achieved by increasing local storage capacity in ponds, which could be filled during the wet season when there is greater water availability. However, increased water storage has the potential to impair winter flows, which are important for fish passage and spawning and the maintenance of habitat heterogeneity. To quantify the trade-offs between alternative water management strategies, an integrated management framework is introduced that simultaneously considers the temporal and spatial dynamics of flow regimes, and the water needs of both human and natural systems. The management framework relies on a watershed hydrologic routing model, which is useful for representing the temporal and spatial distribution of water availability and predicting the impacts of water diversions across the stream network. An examination of the potential impacts of water management practices in a Sonoma County, California watershed demonstrated that the location and size of water storage projects influences the magnitude and duration of stream flow impacts. The findings also illustrated trade-offs between environmental flow protections and the ability for water users to meet storage demands. Managing stream flows for ecological benefits requires an understanding of flow-habitat relationships at scales relevant to individual organisms. To assess the flow needs of adult salmon for their upstream migration, a new approach was developed for mapping stream channel topography and modeling flows in relation to fish passage suitability. The approach relies on high-resolution measurements of stream channel topography derived from terrestrial LiDAR surveys. A two-dimensional hydraulic model was then used to simulate flows in several survey reaches and identify the minimum flow required to maintain a continuous migration path of suitable passage depths for adult salmon. The modeling approach is compared to a regional formula used by State of California resource agencies to estimate salmon passage flow needs. While the results were similar, improvements to State's regional formula could be made by explicitly incorporating a variable describing channel typology. In sum, these studies quantify the response of a threatened salmon species to flow variation, illustrate the relationships between water management and ecologically-important flow dynamics, and establish a new approach for evaluating biological flow thresholds, all of which are critical for improving the management of freshwater ecosystems in Mediterranean-climate regions.
Download or read book Ecosystems of California written by Harold Mooney and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-anticipated reference and sourcebook for CaliforniaÕs remarkable ecological abundance provides an integrated assessment of each major ecosystem typeÑits distribution, structure, function, and management. A comprehensive synthesis of our knowledge about this biologically diverse state, Ecosystems of California covers the state from oceans to mountaintops using multiple lenses: past and present, flora and fauna, aquatic and terrestrial, natural and managed. Each chapter evaluates natural processes for a specific ecosystem, describes drivers of change, and discusses how that ecosystem may be altered in the future. This book also explores the drivers of CaliforniaÕs ecological patterns and the history of the stateÕs various ecosystems, outlining how the challenges of climate change and invasive species and opportunities for regulation and stewardship could potentially affect the stateÕs ecosystems. The text explicitly incorporates both human impacts and conservation and restoration efforts and shows how ecosystems support human well-being. Edited by two esteemed ecosystem ecologists and with overviews by leading experts on each ecosystem, this definitive work will be indispensable for natural resource management and conservation professionals as well as for undergraduate or graduate students of CaliforniaÕs environment and curious naturalists.
Download or read book Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Annual Report written by Southern California Coastal Water Research Project and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Monitoring Assessment and Management in Freshwater Systems written by Young-Seuk Park and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Ecological Monitoring, Assessment, and Management in Freshwater Systems" that was published in Water
Download or read book The Climate of the Mediterranean Region written by P. Lionello and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-04-19 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mediterranean region contains a diverse and interesting climate ranging from areas with permanent glaciers to areas of subtropical, semiarid regions. The region is potentially sensitive to climate change and its progress has environmental, social, and economic implications within and beyond the region. Produced by the Mediterranean Climate Variability and Predictability Research Networking Project, this book reviews the evolution of the Mediterranean climate over the past two millennia with projections further into the twenty-first century as well as examining in detail various aspects of the Mediterranean region's climate including evolution, atmospheric variables, and oceanic and land elements. Integrated with this, the book also considers the social and economic problems or vulnerabilities associated with the region. Written and reviewed by multiple researchers to ensure a high level of information presented clearly, Mediterranean Climate Variables will be an invaluable source of information for geologists, oceanographers, and anyone interested in learning more about the Mediterranean climate. Written by leading experts in the field Presents clear, compelling, and concise evidence Includes the latest thinking in Mediterranean climate research
Download or read book Valuing Chaparral written by Emma C. Underwood and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-09 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chaparral shrubland ecosystems are an iconic feature of the California landscape, and a highly biodiverse yet highly flammable backdrop to some of the fastest growing urban areas in the United States. Chaparral-type ecosystems are a common element of all of the world’s Mediterranean-type climate regions – of which California is one – yet there is little public appreciation of the intrinsic value and the ecosystem services that these landscapes provide. Valuing Chaparral is a compendium of contributions from experts in chaparral ecology and management, with a focus on the human relationship with chaparral ecosystems. Chapters cover a wide variety of subjects, ranging from biodiversity to ecosystem services like water provision, erosion control, carbon sequestration and recreation; from the history of human interactions with chaparral to current education and conservation efforts; and from chaparral restoration and management to scenarios of the future under changing climate, land use, and human population. Valuing Chaparral will be of interest to resource managers, the research community, policy makers, and the public who live and work in the chaparral dominated landscapes of California and other Mediterranean-type climate regions.
Download or read book Ecosystems of California written by Harold Mooney and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 1009 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-anticipated reference and sourcebook for California’s remarkable ecological abundance provides an integrated assessment of each major ecosystem type—its distribution, structure, function, and management. A comprehensive synthesis of our knowledge about this biologically diverse state, Ecosystems of California covers the state from oceans to mountaintops using multiple lenses: past and present, flora and fauna, aquatic and terrestrial, natural and managed. Each chapter evaluates natural processes for a specific ecosystem, describes drivers of change, and discusses how that ecosystem may be altered in the future. This book also explores the drivers of California’s ecological patterns and the history of the state’s various ecosystems, outlining how the challenges of climate change and invasive species and opportunities for regulation and stewardship could potentially affect the state’s ecosystems. The text explicitly incorporates both human impacts and conservation and restoration efforts and shows how ecosystems support human well-being. Edited by two esteemed ecosystem ecologists and with overviews by leading experts on each ecosystem, this definitive work will be indispensable for natural resource management and conservation professionals as well as for undergraduate or graduate students of California’s environment and curious naturalists.
Download or read book Environmental Evaluation Sonoma Creek Flood Control Project Sonoma County California written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 4604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of estuaries and coasts has seen enormous growth in recent years, since changes in these areas have a large effect on the food chain, as well as on the physics and chemistry of the ocean. As the coasts and river banks around the world become more densely populated, the pressure on these ecosystems intensifies, putting a new focus on environmental, socio-economic and policy issues. Written by a team of international expert scientists, under the guidance of Chief Editors Eric Wolanski and Donald McClusky, the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Ten Volume Set examines topics in depth, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Most up-to-date reference for system-based coastal and estuarine science and management, from the inland watershed to the ocean shelf Chief editors have assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Approach focuses on the physical, biological, chemistry, ecosystem, human, ecological and economics processes, to show how to best use multidisciplinary science to ensure earth's sustainability Provides a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Features up-to-date chapters covering a full range of topics
Download or read book Ecology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indexes journal articles in ecology and environmental science. Nearly 700 journals are indexed in full or in part, and the database indexes literature published from 1982 to the present. Coverage includes habitats, food chains, erosion, land reclamation, resource and ecosystems management, modeling, climate, water resources, soil, and pollution.
Download or read book Global Biodiversity in a Changing Environment written by Osvaldo E. Sala and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-08-24 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climatic change, conservation biology
Download or read book Fire in California s Ecosystems written by Jan W. van Wagtendonk and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fire in California’s Ecosystems describes fire in detail—both as an integral natural process in the California landscape and as a growing threat to urban and suburban developments in the state. Written by many of the foremost authorities on the subject, this comprehensive volume is an ideal authoritative reference tool and the foremost synthesis of knowledge on the science, ecology, and management of fire in California. Part One introduces the basics of fire ecology, including overviews of historical fires, vegetation, climate, weather, fire as a physical and ecological process, and fire regimes, and reviews the interactions between fire and the physical, plant, and animal components of the environment. Part Two explores the history and ecology of fire in each of California's nine bioregions. Part Three examines fire management in California during Native American and post-Euro-American settlement and also current issues related to fire policy such as fuel management, watershed management, air quality, invasive plant species, at-risk species, climate change, social dynamics, and the future of fire management. This edition includes critical scientific and management updates and four new chapters on fire weather, fire regimes, climate change, and social dynamics.
