Download or read book Influence of Forest Management on Headwater Stream Amphibians at Multiple Spatial Scales written by Margo A. Stoddard and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influence of Forest Management on Headwater Stream Amphibians at Multiple Spatial Scales written by Margo A. Stoddard and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of Forest Management on Headwater Stream Amphibians at Multiple Spatial Scales written by Margo A. Stoddard and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To effectively manage for biodiversity at broad, ecosystem scales, the influences of habitat structure at multiple spatial scales on vertebrate species must be understood. There are few studies on the broad-scale habitat requirements of stream amphibians despite their importance in streams in forest ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) as predators and prey, and potentially as indicators of ecosystem health. In particular, studies on the influence of forest structure at landscape scales on stream amphibians are lacking. I examined stream amphibian-habitat relationships for Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus), larval and metamorphosed tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei), and torrent salamanders (Rhyacotriton spp.) at four spatial scales (2-m sample unit, intermediate, sub-drainage, and drainage). Over two field seasons (1998 and 1999), I captured 1,568 amphibians in 702 sample units in 16 randomly chosen drainages in the Oregon Coast Range. I used an information theoretic approach of analysis to rank sets of a priori candidate models that described habitat relationships at each spatial scale. At the 2-m sample unit scale, all species of interest were negatively associated with fine sediments and were positively associated with either stream width or elevation. At the intermediate spatial scale, Pacific giant salamanders, metamorphosed tailed frogs, and torrent salamanders were positively associated with the presence of a 150-ft. forested band on each side of the stream, and larval tailed frogs were positively associated with the presence of forest>105 years old on at least one side of the stream. At the sub-drainage and drainage scales, all species were positively associated with the proportion of stream length in a sub-drainage or drainage with a 150-ft. forested band on each side of the stream. Heat load index (aspect) was also important for Pacific giant salamanders and larval tailed frogs at the intermediate and sub-drainage scales. Results at all spatial scales suggest that Pacific giant salamanders and larval tailed frogs occur lower in the drainage network, and metamorphosed tailed frogs and torrent salamanders occur higher in the drainage network. This study demonstrates the importance of examining headwater stream amphibian habitat at multiple spatial scales, provides insights on linkages between amphibian responses across spatial scales, and shows that broad-scale variables (e.g., the presence of forested bands or the percentage of stream length with forested bands) can be used to assess management approaches for stream amphibian communities. Geophysical characteristics such as stream aspect may also help identify areas that should not be harvested if protection of amphibian habitat is an objective.
Download or read book A Framework for Amphibian Habitat Conservation Across Spatial Scales Using Community Occupancy Models written by Vishnupriya Sankararaman and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural intensification and loss of native forest habitats have presented the most ubiquitous threats to faunal communities across the world. These land use modifications have caused loss of species richness, genetic diversity, biotic homogenization, and increased dominance structure from local, regional to global scales. Amphibians are amongst the most endangered vertebrate groups with high susceptibility to habitat modification. Their biphasic life history, poor mobility and low tolerance to chemical pollutants make it difficult for most species to adapt to intensively managed land uses. To combat pressures from habitat loss, commodity agroforests are recommended as suitable secondary habitats for many threatened faunal communities. However, there is little applied research on how individual land management strategies at various spatial scales can help design more wildlife-friendly landscapes. The research presented in this dissertation, uses community ecology theory to examine: (1) how land use gradients shape amphibian species and communities across local and regional spatial extents, (2) how individually evolved life history strategies influence adaptations to different habitats and land uses, (3) how conservation objectives and decisions can shape land use design in terrestrial and aquatic environments to maximize conservation potential of agroforests. In the first chapter, I studied patterns in alpha and beta diversity across areca, coffee and rubber agroforests across Karnataka's Western Ghats. A total of 106 agroforests across a 30,000 km2 landscape were surveyed for amphibians, and a multispecies occupancy model approach was used to analyze and estimate community-level and species-specific parameters. The broad-scale influence of elevation and latitude and fine-scale influences of microhabitat availability were examined on species occurrences. The availability and heterogeneity of microhabitats were also used to predict species occurrences. Overall, a heterogenous land use such as shade-grown coffee hosted much higher species richness than the more intensively managed areca and rubber agroforests. Our results indicate that site-specific diversity can be enhanced with careful management. The preservation of aquatic and terrestrial microhabitats can increase amphibian species richness by up to 75% in each agroforest. The second chapter focuses on examining the influence of life history traits on species occupancy and community structure across terrestrial and stream habitats in different land uses. I surveyed 223 transects for amphibians across tea, coffee and forest fragments in the Anamalai Hills of the Western Ghats. A joint-species distribution model was used to estimate species occupancies and cooccurrence patterns. Species richness was highest in forest fragments followed by coffee and lowest in tea agroforests. Life-history traits clearly defined habitat use, with fast-water breeding amphibians preferring forested streams first, followed by streams in coffee and the lowest occupancy was observed in tea streams. Slow-water breeding amphibians showed a reverse trend with higher preference for tea over coffee and forest stream sites. The study also revealed important patterns in species distributions across elevational ranges and the influence of annual climate patterns on amphibian populations. The results from this chapter highlight the importance of focusing conservation attention on amphibians with torrential habitat associations as they are the most vulnerable to land use intensification. In chapter three, I advance the understanding of amphibian community structure at broader spatial scales. Using results from chapter two, I estimate pairwise species dissimilarity across sites and examine the role of geographic distances, environmental distances, watershed aspects and land use on beta diversity. The mean beta diversity was lowest for within forest sites and highest for comparisons between coffee and forests. Also, terrestrial habitats displayed greater heterogeneity in species compositions than stream habitats. Rather than geographic distances, the difference in elevation was one of the strongest predictors of beta diversity patterns at the regional scale. The combined influences of the different predictors indicate that prioritizing conservation management across different land uses, elevation gradients and watersheds will be most effective in maintaining the regional diversity and heterogeneity of amphibian communities in the Anamalai Hills. Finally, in the fourth chapter, I use results from all three previous research findings with additional information about ecosystem services to identify where riparian forest restoration can have optimal conservation outcomes. Prioritization was based on predicted increase in alpha diversity, and topographic wetness index (TWI), along with elevational attributes. Five alternate scenarios were set up based on these criteria. The results were tested on ten coffee sites, ten tea sites and a combination of five coffee and tea sites. Species richness was revealed to be a poor criterion for prioritization as it resulted in the most spatially aggregated portfolio of sites and with lowest predicted gamma diversity. Incorporating TWI in land use prioritization yielded much higher gamma diversity and ecosystem function benefits. I also discuss the socioeconomic implications of restoring riparian buffers for private land owners in the region and propose mechanisms by which the restoration costs can be managed. Conservation management has to be scale dependent and rely on local and regional studies to provide empirical evidence for how decisions influence outcomes. I used a combination of theories in community ecology with applied conservation science to provide greater understanding of fine-scale and broad-scale factors influencing agrobiodiversity. This research also expands the use of hierarchical community occupancy models to examine different aspects of spatial variations in multispecies assemblages, particularly in poorly-studied and hyper-diverse tropical regions.
Download or read book Effects of Agricultural Conservation Practices on Fish and Wildlife written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The bibliography is a guide to recent scientific literature covering effects of agricultural conservation practices on fish and wildlife. The citations listed here provide information on how conservation programs and practices designed to improve fish and wildlife habitat, as well as those intended for other purposes (e.g., water quality improvement), affect various aquatic and terrestrial fauna"--Abstract.
Download or read book CWE written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife in Managed Forests Stream associated Amphibians written by Gail E. Wells and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forest Ecosystems written by David A. Perry and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2008-07-24 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2009 Outstanding Academic Title, Choice This acclaimed textbook is the most comprehensive available in the field of forest ecology. Designed for advanced students of forest science, ecology, and environmental studies, it is also an essential reference for forest ecologists, foresters, and land managers. The authors provide an inclusive survey of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests with an emphasis on ecological concepts across scales that range from global to landscape to microscopic. Situating forests in the context of larger landscapes, they reveal the complex patterns and processes observed in tree-dominated habitats. The updated and expanded second edition covers • Conservation • Ecosystem services • Climate change • Vegetation classification • Disturbance • Species interactions • Self-thinning • Genetics • Soil influences • Productivity • Biogeochemical cycling • Mineralization • Effects of herbivory • Ecosystem stability
Download or read book Mountain Rivers Revisited written by Ellen Wohl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-28 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Resources Monograph Series, Volume 19. What are the forms and processes characteristic of mountain rivers and how do we know them? Mountain Rivers Revisited, an expanded and updated version of the earlier volume Mountain Rivers, answers these questions and more. Here is the only comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge about mountain rivers available. While continuing to focus on physical process and form in mountain rivers, the text also addresses the influences of tectonics, climate, and land use on rivers, as well as water chemistry, hyporheic exchange, and riparian and aquatic ecology. With its numerous illustrations and references, hydrologists, geomorphologists, civil and environmental engineers, ecologists, resource planners, and their students will find this book an essential resource. Ellen Wohl received her Ph.D. in geology in 1988 from the University of Arizona. Since then, she has worked primarily on mountain and bedrock rivers in diverse environments.
Download or read book Wildlife Habitat Management written by Brenda C. McComb and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-06-20 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, conflicts between ecological conservation and economic growth forced a reassessment of the motivations and goals of wildlife and forestry management. Focus shifted from game and commodity management to biodiversity conservation and ecological forestry. Previously separate fields such as forestry, biology, botany, and zoology merged
Download or read book BLM Density Management and Riparian Buffer Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife Management and Landscapes written by William F. Porter and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife management specialists and landscape ecologists offer a new perspective on the important intersection of these fields in the twenty-first century. It's been clear for decades that landscape-level patterns and processes, along with the tenets and tools of landscape ecology, are vitally important in understanding wildlife-habitat relationships and sustaining wildlife populations. Today, significant shifts in the spatial scale of extractive, agricultural, ranching, and urban land uses are upon us, making it more important than ever before to connect wildlife management and landscape ecology. Landscape ecologists must understand the constraints that wildlife managers face and be able to use that knowledge to translate their work into more practical applications. Wildlife managers, for their part, can benefit greatly from becoming comfortable with the vocabulary, conceptual processes, and perspectives of landscape ecologists. In Wildlife Management and Landscapes, the foremost landscape ecology experts and wildlife management specialists come together to discuss the emerging role of landscape concepts in habitat management. Their contributions • make the case that a landscape perspective is necessary to address management questions • translate concepts in landscape ecology to wildlife management • explain why studying some important habitat-wildlife relationships is still inherently difficult • explore the dynamic and heterogeneous structure of natural systems • reveal why factors such as soil, hydrology, fire, grazing, and timber harvest lead to uncertainty in management decisions • explain matching scale between population processes and management • discuss limitations to management across jurisdictional boundaries and balancing objectives of private landowners and management agencies • offer practical ideas for improving communication between professionals • outline the impediments that limit a full union of landscape ecology and wildlife management Using concrete examples of modern conservation challenges that range from oil and gas development to agriculture and urbanization, the volume posits that shifts in conservation funding from a hunter constituent base to other sources will bring a dramatic change in the way we manage wildlife. Explicating the foundational similarity of wildlife management and landscape ecology, Wildlife and Landscapes builds crucial bridges between theoretical and practical applications. Contributors: Jocelyn L. Aycrigg, Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau, Jon P. Beckmann, Joseph R. Bennett, William M. Block, Todd R. Bogenschutz, Teresa C. Cohn, John W. Connelly, Courtney J. Conway, Bridgett E. Costanzo, David D. Diamond, Karl A. Didier, Lee F. Elliott, Michael E. Estey, Lenore Fahrig, Cameron J. Fiss, Jacqueline L. Frair, Elsa M. Haubold, Fidel Hernández, Jodi A. Hilty, Joseph D. Holbrook, Cynthia A. Jacobson, Kevin M. Johnson, Jeffrey K. Keller, Jeffery L. Larkin, Kimberly A. Lisgo, Casey A. Lott, Amanda E. Martin, James A. Martin, Darin J. McNeil, Michael L. Morrison, Betsy E. Neely, Neal D. Niemuth, Chad J. Parent, Humberto L. Perotto-Baldivieso, Ronald D. Pritchert, Fiona K. A. Schmiegelow, Amanda L. Sesser, Gregory J. Soulliere, Leona K. Svancara, Stephen C. Torbit, Joseph A. Veech, Kerri T. Vierling, Greg Wathen, David M. Williams, Mark J. Witecha, John M. Yeiser
Download or read book Gifford Pinchot National Forest N F and Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area Site specific Invasive Plant Treatment Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research Journal Canadien de la Recherche Foresti re written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book California Amphibian and Reptile Species of Special Concern written by Robert C. Thomson and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-06-21 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important hotspots of herpetological biodiversity in the United States, California is home to many endemic amphibians and reptiles found nowhere else on earth. Many of these taxa have unique ecological and morphological specializations, and their management is an important conservation challenge. Increasing climate change impacts, human development, and extreme drought mean many of these species face an ever-greater risk of extinction. California Amphibian and Reptile Species of Special Concern provides an up-to-date synthesis of the current state of knowledge regarding the biology and conservation risks faced by 45 of California’s most sensitive amphibian and reptile species. With the goal of enhancing management based on the best available science, the authors developed a novel set of risk metrics to identify special concern species and the threats they face, including population declines, range size and restrictions, and ecological specializations and niche restrictions. In addition to detailed species accounts, this book provides a quantitative analysis of the conservation status and pressing management issues facing individual species and the state’s amphibian and reptile fauna as a whole. The volume focuses on identifying threats, concrete recommendations for management and recovery, and future research needs. The text is complemented by detailed distribution maps, color photos, and graphs. Written in nontechnical language, California Amphibian and Reptile Species of Special Concern will be a valuable resource to a broad range of users from resource managers, field biologists, and academic herpetologists to students and recreational naturalists. Published in association with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.
Download or read book Terrestrial Amphibian Distribution Habitat Associations and Downed Wood Temperature Profiles in Managed Headwater Forests with Riparian Buffers in the Oregon Coast Range written by Matthew R. Kluber and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Western forests have become increasingly fragmented landscapes dominated by young stands. Given that western Oregon forests largely consist of headwater systems, there is a need to better understand how headwater forest taxa and their habitats are impacted by forest management practices. Several amphibian species associated with forested headwater systems have emerged as management concerns. Forest management strategies, such as harvests that remove only part of the canopy and retention of riparian buffer strips, may help ameliorate some of the negative effects on amphibians in managed forests. Pre-existing site conditions, such as legacy downed wood, also may play a role in buffering the impacts of silvicultural practices on terrestrial amphibians. Downed wood is an important habitat component for many amphibians, because the cool, moist microclimates of downed wood can provide refugia for terrestrial amphibians during warmer summer months. However, downed wood habitat suitability is another emerging concern as the rate of input and size of downed wood declines in managed forests. As part of the USDI Bureau of Land Managements Density Management Study, we investigated how untreated streamside buffers modify impacts of upland thinning on headwater forest terrestrial amphibians and their habitat at three sites in the Oregon Coast Range. To further assess habitat associations of these animals, we conducted a field experiment to address amphibian cover use, including downed wood, moss and coarse and fine substrates. In addition, we examined how temperature profiles inside small- and large-diameter downed wood and soil temperatures differed from ambient air temperatures. Temperatures of wood and soil were monitored at different slope positions (near streams and upslope) and overstory regimes (thinned and unthinned stands) to assess potential habitat suitability and buffering capabilities against seasonal temperature extremes for plethodontid salamanders. Our results suggest that pre-existing site conditions (e.g., amount of rocky or fine substrate) play an important role in determining the response of terrestrial amphibians to upland forest thinning. However, retention of stream buffers is important in maintaining unaltered stream and riparian conditions. Moderate thinning and preservation of vital habitat in riparian and nearby upland areas by way of variable-width buffers (15 m minimum width) may be sufficient in maintaining suitable habitat and microclimatic conditions vital to amphibian assemblages in managed headwater forests. Additionally, logs of a wide size range and soils may provide sufficient protection against thermal extremes harmful to plethodontid salamanders in thinned stands with limited overstory. However, this alone cannot support plethodontid salamanders. These salamanders require exposed areas (e.g., leaf litter, soil surface, rock faces) where much of their foraging and well as courtship occurs. Partial retention of the canopy through moderate thinning coupled with variable-width riparain buffers that may increase in width when suitable terrestrial habitat is encountered, may provide sufficient microhabitat, microclimate, and protection in maintaining terrestrial amphibian assemblages in managed headwater forests.
Download or read book Olympic National Forest N F Dosewallips Road Washout Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
