Download or read book The Influence of Crevice Chemistry on Constant Extension Rate Tensile CERT Tests of 304L Stainless Steel in 288 Degrees C Water written by Michael Silverman and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by W. H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing. house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 25 (thesis year 1980) a total of 10,308 theses titles from 27 Canadian and 214 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 25 reports theses submitted in 1980, on occasion, certain universities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Download or read book A Numerical Index of Corrosion Conference Preprints written by National Association of Corrosion Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Temperature and Ionic Impurities at Very Low Concentrations on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relative effect of approx. 12 anion species, in conjunction with hydrogen and sodium cations, on the stress-corrosion-cracking (SCC) behavior of lightly sensitized Type 304 stainless steel was investigated in constant-extension-rate-tensile (CERT) tests at 289°C in water with 0.2 ppM dissolved oxygen at total conductivity values of less than or equal to 1 .mu. S/cm. The results show that the sulfur species, either in acid or sodium form, produce the highest degree of IGSCC relative to other anions. The effect of temperature on the SCC behavior of the material was investigated in CERT tests over the range 110 to 320°C in high-purity water and in water containing 0.1 and 1.0 ppM sulfate as H2SO4 at a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.2 ppM. The CERT parameters were correlated with impurity concentration (i.e., conductivity) and the electrochemical potential of platinum and Type 304 stainless steel electrodes in the high-temperature environments. Maximum IGSCC occurred at temperatures between approx. 200 and 250°C in high-purity water, and the addition of sulfate increased the average crack growth rates and the temperature range over which maximum susceptibility occurred. A distinct transition from intergranular to transgranular and ultimately to a ductile failure mode was observed as the temperature increased from approx. 270 to 320°C in high-purity water. This transition was attributed to a decrease in the open-circuit corrosion potential of the steel below a critical value of approx. 0 mV(SHE) at the higher temperature. A large decrease in the crack growth rates of fracture-mechanics-type specimens of the steel was also found when the temperature was increased from 289 to 320°C in high-purity water with 0.2 ppM dissolved oxygen. 26 references, 8 figures, 6 tables.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of the Effects of Corrosion Potential and Impurities on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of sensitized Type 304 stainless steel (SS) has been a recurrent problem in the high-temperature water environment of boiling-water-reactors (BWRs) over the past two decades. The synergistic effects of environmental and material variables on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Type 304 SS were investigated at 289°C by means of constant-extension-rate-tensile (CERT) tests at a strain rate of 1 x 10−6/s. Correlations among environmental variables (dissolved oxygen and impurity concentrations, viz., H2SO4, steady-state open-circuit electro-chemical potential) and the SCC susceptibility parameters have been determined. The extensive results over a wide range of open-circuit corrosion potential conditions were analyzed by a model which accounts for the effects of environmental variables, microstructure (e.g., degree of sensitization) and strain rate. The results are consistent with a slip-dissolution mechanism for SCC. Furthermore, representation of the dependence of corrosion potential and average crack growth rate on the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water by a simple mathematical function, in conjunction with the theoretical model, enables predictions of both strain rate and environmental effects on the SCC susceptibility of sensitized Type 304 SS. 12 refs., 7 figs.
Download or read book Alloys Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Sulfuric Acid Oxygen and Hydrogen in High temperature Water on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influence of dissolved oxygen and hydrogen and dilute sulfuric acid in 289°C water on the stress-corrosion-cracking susceptibility of lightly and moderately sensitized Type 304 stainless steel was determined in constant-extension-rate tensile (CERT) tests. The CERT parameters and the fracture surface morphologies were correlated with the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and sulfate, and the electrochemical potentials of platinum and Type 304 stainless steel electrodes in simulated boiling-water reactor (BWR) environments. A particularly high susceptibility to intergranular cracking was found for the steel in the lightly sensitized condition at oxygen concentrations between approx. 0.05 and 0.2 ppM under slightly acidic conditions (pH approx. 6.0 at 25°C), which may, in part, account for the pervasive nature of intergranular cracking in BWR piping systems. Scanning-transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed significant differences between samples in the lightly and the moderately sensitized condition with respect to the width, but not the depth, of the chromium-depleted region at the grain boundaries. The addition of 0.5 ppM hydrogen to the water had only a small mitigating effect on intergranular cracking in water containing oxygen and sulfuric acid at low concentrations; however, oxygen suppression to less than or equal to 0.05 ppM in the reactor-coolant water, by means of hydrogen additions to the feedwater, would be quite beneficial provided impurities are also maintained at very low levels.
Download or read book Effect of Material and Environmental Variables on SCC Initiation in Slow Strain Rate Tests on Type 304 Stainless Steel written by PL. Andresen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of low-level environmental impurities, test temperature, sensitization heat treatment, and surface condition on crack initiation have been examined in Type 304 stainless steel in constant extension rate stress corrosion cracking tests. Tests were conducted at 288, 200 and 125°C in pure water environments containing 0.2, 0.2, and 1.8 ppm of dissolved oxygen, respectively. At 288°C in highly sensitized specimens, cracks initiated at less than 20% of life in pure water, with impurities accelerating initiation. The bulk pH affected initiation and failure strains, while increasing conductivity at neutral pH affected only strain to failure. At lower temperatures or lesser degrees of sensitization, crack initiation occurred later in life and impurity additions had a stronger impact. Shot-peening reduced the strain to initiation in constant extension rate tests, most noticeably at 125°C. The minimal data available for comparison support the findings of this study.
Download or read book Holstein und Schleswig Holstein written by and published by . This book was released on 1843 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluating the Intergranular SCC Resistance of Sensitized Type 304 Stainless Steel in Low Temperature Water Environments written by SM. Bruemmer and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The resistance of sensitized AISI Type 304 stainless steel to intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in 32°C water environments has been investigated by using constant axial load (CAL), constant extension rate (CER), U-bend, and crevice corrosion tests. Constant load tests were found to give a better simulation of a service failure and produced IGSCC under a wider range of conditions than CER or U-bend tests. Intergranular SCC of welded and furnace-sensitized Type 304 specimens was observed in CAL experiments in both deionized and borated water with ppm level chloride additions. Constant extension rate tests also produced IGSCC, but only in welded pipe specimens with the original ground and welded surfaces intact. If the original inner diameter and outer diameter surfaces were removed, fracture surfaces showed ductile, microvoid coalescence appearances. No evidence of SCC or significant corrosive attack was found in U-bend or crevice corrosion tests after more than six months in dilute chloride environments at temperatures of 30 or 50°C. However, intergranular cracking was observed in furnacesensitized, high-carbon Type 304 U-bend specimens at 80°C.
Download or read book Potential and Strain Rate Effects in Slow Strain Rate Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel in 35 Percent Magnesium Chloride at 120 C written by KJ. Kessler and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constant extension rate experiments have been performed on Type 304 stainless steel round tension-test specimens in 35 percent magnesium chloride at 120°C as a function of electrode potential and extension rate. When potentiostatic measurement was applied, an extension rate of 4.4 x 10-6 s-1 was found to be acceptable as an accelerated test. These tests are compared with constant load measurements by variation of the electrode potential. Both methods indicate that stress-corrosion cracking decreases by lowering electrode potential and disappears below -380 mV (saturated calomel electrode). Current density-time plots made during constant straining and fractographic observations show different types of crack formation. The number of cracks increases with increasing potential, and the crack depth decreases with accelerated straining. Transgranular stress-corrosion cracking is observed accompanied by pitting. The selective corrosion in the early stage of cracking was revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs and SEM analysis. Iron and nickel are dissolved and a chromiumrich phase is formed along the crack walls. Although the first attack appears to be intercrystalline, the fracture shows only transgranular features.
Download or read book Mechanistic Aspects of Stress corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Stainless Steel in LWR Systems written by F. A. Nichols and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Water Chemistry on Itergranular Cracking of Irradiated Austenitic Stainless Steels written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To determine the effects of water chemistry on the susceptibility to irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) in austenitic stainless steels. constant-extension-rate tests were conducted in simulated BWR environments on several heats of high- and commercial-purity (HP and CP) Type 304 SS specimens from BWR components irradiated to fluences up to 2.4 x 1021 n cm−2 (E> I MeV). Effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) and electrochemical potential (ECP) in 289°C water were investigated. Dependence of Susceptibility to intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) on DO was somewhat different for the two materials. Susceptibility of the HP heats. less influenced by DO and ECP, was higher than that of CP material for all DO and fluence levels. Percent IGSCC in the CP material was negligible for DO
Download or read book Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking and Grain Boundary Segregation in Heat Treated Type 304 SS written by RE. Clausing and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence was obtained correlating the susceptibility of Type 304 (UNS 530400) stainless steel (SS) to irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) and grain boundary segregation. Susceptibility to IASCC was measured in constant extension rate tensile (CERT) tests, and grain boundary segregation was demonstrated by Auger electron spectroscopy and HNO3/Cr+6 corrosion tests.
Download or read book Crevice and Pitting Corrosion Tests for Stainless Steels written by R. Heidersbach and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several methods for determining the "protection potential" of stainless steels have been reported in the literature. As most commonly defined, this potential is the potential below which metals will not corrode by pitting or crevice corrosion. This report presents a discussion on how the protection potential, if it were accurately known, could be utilized to control corrosion of stainless steels. The results of four different experimental methods for determining the protection potential for American Iron and Steel Institute 304 (Unified Numbering System [UNS] S30400) stainless steel are presented and compared.
Download or read book Assessment of Susceptibility of Type 304 Stainless Steel to Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking in Simulated Savannah River Reactor Environments written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of Type 304 stainless steel rate tests (CERT) of specimens machined was evaluated by constant extension from Savannah River Plant (SRP) decontaminated process water piping. Results from 12 preliminary CERT tests verified that IGSCC occurred over a wide range of simulated SRP envirorments. 73 specimens were tested in two statistical experimental designs of the central composite class. In one design, testing was done in environments containing hydrogen peroxide; in the other design, hydrogen peroxide was omitted but oxygen was added to the environment. Prediction equations relating IGSCC to temperature and environmental variables were formulated. Temperature was the most important independent variable. IGSCC was severe at 100 to 120C and a threshold temperature between 40C and 55C was identified below which IGSCC did not occur. In environments containing hydrogen peroxide, as in SRP operation, a reduction in chloride concentration from 30 to 2 ppB also significantly reduced IGSCC. Reduction in sulfate concentration from 50 to 7 ppB was effective in reducing IGSCC provided the chloride concentration was 30 ppB or less and temperature was 95C or higher. Presence of hydrogen peroxide in the environment increased IGSCC except when chloride concentration was 11 ppB or less. Actual concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and carbon dioxide did not affect IGSCC. Large positive ECP values (+450 to +750 mV Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)) in simulated SRP environments containing hydrogen peroxide and were good agreement with ECP measurements made in SRP reactors, indicating that the simulated environments are representative of SRP reactor environments. Overall CERT results suggest that the most effective method to reduce IGSCC is to reduce chloride and sulfate concentrations.
