Download or read book The incidence of taxes and transfers in Kenya a general equilibrium analysis written by F.M. Mwega and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study analysing a general equilibrium model to study the incidence of taxes and transfers in Kenya. An empirical model is built that replicates production, consumption and the distribution of income in the country for 1976. Taxes are replaced by a neutral value added tax and transfers abolished. The counterfactual results are then compared with the benchmark equilibrium to draw inferences about the incidence of taxes and transfers in Kenya. The Kenyan tax system is found to have a mixed but broadly progressive impact on household incomes. The system becomes unambiguously progressive when voluntary income transfers are taken into account.
Download or read book A General Equilibrium Analysis of Tax Incidence in Kenya written by Francis M. Mwega and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Equilibrium Effects of Cash Transfers written by Dennis Egger and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How large economic stimuli generate individual and aggregate responses is a central question in economics, but has not been studied experimentally. We provided one-time cash transfers of about USD 1000 to over 10,500 poor households across 653 randomized villages in rural Kenya. The implied fiscal shock was over 15 percent of local GDP. We find large impacts on consumption and assets for recipients. Importantly, we document large positive spillovers on non-recipient households and firms, and minimal price inflation. We estimate a local fiscal multiplier of 2.7. We interpret welfare implications through the lens of a simple household optimization framework.
Download or read book Introduction to Computable General Equilibrium Models written by Mary E. Burfisher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a hands-on introduction to computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, written at an accessible, undergraduate level.
Download or read book Eastern Africa Economic Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inequality Growth and Poverty in an Era of Liberalization and Globalization written by Giovanni Andrea Cornia and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004-03-18 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within-country income inequality has risen since the early 1980s in most of the OECD, all transitional, and many developing countries. More recently, inequality has risen also in India and nations affected by the Asian crisis. Altogether, over the last twenty years, inequality worsened in 70 per cent of the 73 countries analysed in this volume, with the Gini index rising by over five points in half of them. In several cases, the Gini index follows a U-shaped pattern, with theturn-around point located between the late 1970s and early 1990s. Where the shift towards liberalization and globalization was concluded, the right arm of the U stabilized at the 'steady state level of inequality' typical of the new policy regime, as observed in the UK after 1990.Mainstream theory focusing on rises in wage differentials by skill caused by either North-South trade, migration, or technological change poorly explains the recent rise in income inequality. Likewise, while the traditional causes of income polarization-high land concentration, unequal access to education, the urban bias, the 'curse of natural resources'-still account for much of cross-country variation in income inequality, they cannot explain its recent rise.This volume suggests that the recent rise in income inequality was caused to a considerable extent by a policy-driven worsening in factorial income distribution, wage spread and spatial inequality. In this regard, the volume discusses the distributive impact of reforms in trade and financial liberalization, taxation, public expenditure, safety nets, and labour markets. The volume thus represents one of the first attempts to analyse systematically the relation between policy changes inspired byliberalization and globalization and income inequality. It suggests that capital account liberalization appears to have had-on average-the strongest disequalizing effect, followed by domestic financial liberalization, labour market deregulation, and tax reform. Trade liberalization had uncleareffects, while public expenditure reform often had positive effects.
Download or read book Poverty and Equity written by Jean-Yves Duclos and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2006-06-28 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text addresses the understanding and alleviation of poverty, inequality, and inequity using a unique and broad mix of concepts, measurement methods, statistical tools, software, and practical exercises. Part I discusses basic fundamental issues of well-being and poverty measurement. Part II develops an integrated framework for measuring poverty, social welfare, inequality, vertical equity, horizontal equity, and redistribution. Part III presents and develops recent methods for testing the robustness of distributive rankings. Part IV discusses ways of using policy to alleviate poverty, improve welfare, increase equity, and assess the impact of growth. Part V applies the tools to real data. Most of the book’s measurement and statistical tools have been programmed in DAD, a well established and widely available free software program that has been tailored especially for income distribution analysis and is used by scholars, researchers, and analysts in nearly 100 countries worldwide. It requires basic understanding of calculus and statistics. Abdelkrim Araar and Jean-Yves Duclos teach economics at Université Laval in Québec City.
Download or read book The World Bank Research Observer written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainability in the Twenty First Century written by Mohan Munasinghe and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a rigorous analysis of sustainable development that includes practical, policy-relevant, global case studies, explained concisely and clearly.
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Download or read book Income Distribution and Tax and Government Social Spending Policies in Developing Countries written by Ke-young Chu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2000-03 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews income distribution in developing countries (and transition) countries in recent decades and assesses the incidence of taxes and government expenditures in these countries. In particular, it pays attention to the incidence of government spending on education and health, reviewing the available evidence for a large number of developing countries. Furthermore it offers an analysis of the changes in income distribution in developing countries from the 1970s through 1990s and discusses possible underlying factors, including the role of tax policy.
Download or read book No Business Taxation Without Model Representation written by Benjamin Carton and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Integrated Monetary and Fiscal model (GIMF) is a multi-region, forward-looking, DSGE model developed at the International Monetary Fund for policy analysis and international economic research. This paper documents the incorporation of corporate income, cash-flow and destination based cash-flow taxes into the model. The analysis presented considers the transmission mechanism of these taxes and details how financial frictions interact with each of the taxes.
Download or read book Determinants of Value Added Tax Revenue written by eljko Bogeti? and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical analysis of value- added tax revenues on a sample of 34 countries conforms with conventional wisdom from theoretical and case studies. The key implication is that for value- added tax to provide superior revenues, it should be levied in a single rate on as broad a base as possible. And tax administration and enforcement must be tough to ensure compliance.
Download or read book Universal Basic Income Debate and Impact Assessment written by Maura Francese and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the definition and modelling of a universal basic income (UBI). After clarifying the debate about what a UBI is and presenting the arguments in favor and against, an analytical approach for its assessment is proposed. The adoption of a UBI as a policy tool is discussed with regard to the policy objectives (shaped by social preferences) it is designed to achieve. Key design dimensions to be considered include: coverage, generosity of the program, overall progressivity of the policy, and its financing.
Download or read book Advancing Inclusive Growth in Cambodia written by Mr.Niels-Jakob H Hansen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We evaluate the impact of fiscal reforms on growth and inequality in Cambodia using a calibrated general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents (Peralta-Alva et al., 2018). Over the last two decades, Cambodia’s consumption inequality and poverty have declined. However, income inequality is higher, and large gaps remain between urban and rural residents. At the same time, domestic revenue mobilization has improved substantially, but collection of tax revenue is biased towards non-progressive sources. We use the model to evaluate the growth and inequality impact of reforms that increase infrastructure spending by raising (i) VAT, (ii) property tax, or (iii) personal income tax. We find that using property taxes delivers the largest increase in GDP and reduction in inequality. Reaping the gains from property taxation will however require additional investments in tax administration.
Download or read book For the Benefit of All Fiscal Policies and Equity Efficiency Trade offs in the Age of Automation written by Mr. Andrew Berg and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-16 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many studies predict massive job losses and real wage decline as a result of the ongoing widespread automation of production, a trend that may be further aggravated by the COVID-19 crisis. Yet automation is also expected to raise productivity and output. How can we share the gains from automation more widely, for the benefit of all? And what are the attendant equity-efficiency trade-offs? We analyze this issue by considering the effects of fiscal policies that seek to redistribute the gains from automation and address income inequality. We use a dynamic general equilibrium model with monopolistic competition, including a novel specification linking corporate power to automation. While fiscal policy cannot eliminate the classic equity-efficiency trade-offs, it can help improve them, reducing inequality at small or no loss of output. This is particularly so when policy takes advantage of novel, less distortive transmission channels of fiscal policy created by the empirically observed link between corporate market power and automation.
Download or read book The Theory of Taxation for Developing Countries written by David M. G. Newbery and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1987 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts in the field, this book uses the modern theory of public finance to analyze tax and pricing policy in developing countries.
