Download or read book The Importance of Topography in Generation and Propagation of Internal Waves written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Importance of Topography in Generation and Propagation of Internal Waves written by Helmuth Sandstrom and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Importance of Topography in Generation and Preparation of Internal Waves written by Helmuth Sandstrom and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Importance of Topography in Generation and Propogation of Internal Waves written by Helmuth Sandstrom and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Observation of High Frequency Internal Waves in the Pacific Ocean written by Robert Libman Zalkan and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observations of high frequency internal waves were made from 1 to 14 December 1966, in the deep sea off Baja, California. The fluctuations of the depth of an isotherm were measured with a three-element horizontal array attached to a stable platform. The waves are characterized as a broad band phenomenon with a continuous distribution in frequency. For short intervals of time, a narrow frequency band within the continuum is adequately described as a horizontally plane wave of a single vertical mode. Furthermore, this simplified structure is stationary over time spans of several days. High modes are present in the low frequency waves. Above 4 cycles per hour, however, the first mode predominates. The spectral shape is consistent with the shear limited equilibrium spectrum proposed by Phillips (1966). In addition, the predominance of the first mode at high frequencies further emphasizes the importance of shear instability in internal wave propagation. The horizontal properties of the wave field indicate well-defined directions of narrow-band propagation. These directions and the dispersive properties of the propagation have led to the identification of local topographic features in generating areas of internal waves. (Author).
Download or read book Laboratory and Numerical Studies of Internal Wave Generation and Propagation in the Ocean written by Benjamin Thomas King and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal waves are generated in the ocean by oscillating tidal flow over bottom topography such as ridges, seamounts, and continental slopes. They are similar to the more familiar surface waves, but not being constrained to move on the surface, propagate throughout the bulk of the world oceans. Internal waves transmit energy over thousands of kilometers, ultimately breaking and releasing their energy into turbulence and mixing. Where these internal waves are generated, as well as where and how they break and cause mixing, has important effects on the general circulation of the ocean, which is in turn a major component in earth's climate. As a first step in a more thorough understanding of the evolution of internal waves in the ocean, it is important to characterize their generation. The two-dimensional generation problem has been studied for four decades, with ample experimental, numerical, and theoretical results. Most of this past work has also been done using linear, inviscid approximations. However, wave generation in the ocean is three-dimensional (3D), and in many locations, nonlinear and viscous effects can be significant. Recent advances in experimental and numerical techniques are only now making the fully nonlinear, 3D generation process accessible. We utilize these new techniques to perform both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations on internal wave generation in 3D. We find that a significant component of the internal wave field generated by tidal flow over 3D topography is radiated in the direction perpendicular to the tidal forcing direction. This could lead to substantial improvements of global internal wave generation models. In addition, we have developed a new method for statistical analysis of ocean data sets, and have found large regions in the deep ocean where internal waves may not propagate. This will also have important effects on the way researchers study the propagation of internal waves, which, when propagating downward, were previously thought to always reflect from the sea floor.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book The Effect of Asymmetrical Topography on the Generation of Internal Waves written by Michael Peter Angus and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Generation of Internal Waves Over Idealized 3 D Topography by Tidal Forcing written by James R. Munroe and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Internal Wave Generation in the Presence of Turning Depths written by Matthew C. Drake and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the ocean, internal gravity waves are generated by tidal flow over sea floor topography. An internal gravity wave is only able to freely propagate if the buoyancy frequency is greater than the driving frequency, where the buoyancy frequency is proportional to the square root of the density gradient. A turning depth is defined as a height below which the buoyancy frequency is less than the driving frequency. King et al. showed that turning depths for internal waves generated by lunar tidal flow exist in the ocean, at varying heights from the sea floor [11]. The present study is the first to examine the generation and propagation of internal waves by tidal flow over topography that lies below a turning depth. I use laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to examine the effect of these turning depths on energy flux of the internal waves generated by tidal flow over topography. I find excellent agreement between numerical and laboratory work, and I show that the internal wave energy is strongly damped by the presence of a turning depth above the topography. Further, this has strong implications for ocean energy budget calculations.
Download or read book Oceanic Internal Tides Observations Analysis and Modeling written by Eugene G. Morozov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a detailed study of the structure and variability of internal tides and their geographical distribution in the ocean. Based on experimental analysis of oceanic measurements combined with numerical modeling, it offers a comprehensive overview of the internal wave processes around the globe. In particular, it is based on moored buoys observations in many regions in all oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern) that have been carried out by researchers from different countries for more than 40 years as part of various oceanographic programs, including WOCE and CLIVAR. However, a significant portion of the data was collected by the author, who is a field oceanographer. The data was processed and interpreted on the basis of the latest knowledge of internal wave motion. The properties of internal waves were analyzed in relation to the bottom topography and mean state of the ocean in specific regions. Internal waves play a major role in the formation of seawater stratification and are responsible for the main processes of ocean dynamics, such as energy transfer and mixing. One of the most significant ideas presented in this book is the generation of internal tides over submarine ridges. Energy fluxes from submarine ridges related to tidal internal waves greatly exceed the fluxes from continental slopes. Submarine ridges form an obstacle to the propagation of tidal currents, which can cause the creation of large amplitude internal tides. Energy fluxes from submarine ridges account for approximately one fourth of the total energy dissipation of the barotropic tides. Model simulations and moored measurements have been combined to generate a map of global distribution of internal tide amplitudes. This book is of interest to oceanographers, marine biologists, civil engineers, and scientists working in climate research, fluid mechanics, acoustics, and underwater navigation.
Download or read book Internal Wave Generation Over Rough Sloped Topography written by Lauren E. Eberly and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal waves exist everywhere in stratified fluids - fluids whose density changes with depth. The two largest bodies of stratified fluid are the atmosphere and ocean. Internal waves are generated from a variety of mechanisms. One common mechanism is wind forcing over re- peated sinusoidal topography, like a series of hills. When modeling these waves, linear theory has been employed due to its ease and low computational cost. However, recent research has shown that non-linear effects, such as boundary layer separation, may have a dramatic impact on wave generation. This research has consisted of experimentation on sloped, sinusoidal hills. As of yet, no experimental research has been done to characterize internal wave generation when repeated sinusoidal hills lie on a sloped surface such as a continental slope or a foothill. In order to perform this experiment, a laboratory was built which employed the synthetic schlieren method of wave visualization. Measurements were taken to find wind speed, boundary layer thickness, and density perturbation. From these data, an analysis was performed on wave propagation angle, wave am- plitude, and pressure drag. The result of the analysis shows that when wind blows across a series of sloped sinusoidal hills, fluid becomes trapped in the troughs of the hills resulting in a lower apparent forcing amplitude. The generated waves contain less energy than linear predictions. Ad- ditionally, the sloped hills produce waves which propagate at an angle away from the viewer. A necessary correction, which shifts from the reference frame of the observer to the reference plane of the waves is described. When this correction is applied, it is shown that linear theory may only be applied for low Froude numbers. At high Froude numbers, the effect of the boundary layer is great enough that the wave characteristics deviate significantly from linear theory predictions. The analyzed data agrees well with previous studies which show a similar deviation from linear theory.
Download or read book Tidal Hydrodynamics written by Bruce B. Parker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1991-09-03 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consists of refereed papers by the world's leading authorities on tidal hydrodynamics. Its forty-four papers, including nine review papers, cover all aspects of the subject and present, for the first time in one place, state of the art treatments of recent advances including tidal detection from satellite altimetry, global tide modeling, nonlinear tidal interactions and internal tidal phenomena.
Download or read book Internal Gravity Waves in the Shallow Seas written by Stanisław R. Massel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a comprehensive study of the internal ocean waves, which play a very important role in ocean physics providing mechanisms for ocean water mixing and circulation, as well as the transportation of gases, nutrients, and a very large number of marine organisms in the ocean body. In contrast to surface waves, the literature on internal waves is not so numerous, mainly due to the difficulties in experimental data collection and in the mathematical description of internal wave propagation. In this book, the basic mathematical principles, a physical description of the observed phenomena, and practical theoretical methods of determination of wave parameters as well as the original method of observation using moving sensors are presented. Special attention is paid to internal wave propagation over changing bottom topographies in shallow seas such as the Baltic Sea. The book is supplemented with an extended list of relevant and extended bibliographies, a subject index, and an author index.
Download or read book Internal Waves and Mean Flow in the Presence of Topography written by Keshav Jayakrishnan Raja and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal waves play an important role in many processes in oceans. The interaction be-tween internal waves and ocean topography has been an active field of research for long. Yetthere are many questions remaining on the topic. In this thesis, two main processes are ex-amined namely, the reflection of internal wave beams on a slope, and generation of lee wavesover a three-dimensional obstacle, using laboratory experiments and numerical simulations.The nonlinear reflection of an internal wave beam on a uniform slope is studied using two-dimensional inviscid theory and numerical simulations. The resonant triadic interactionsamong the incident, reflected and second harmonic wave beams are investigated developingon existing theory and verifying them with results for numerical simulations.In the case of reflection of three-dimensional internal wave beams, a strong mean horizon-tal flow is found to be induced by the wave beam, which perturbs the wave field and weakensthe second harmonics. The generation of this wave-induced mean flow is examined usingresults from experiments and three-dimensional numerical simulations. Furthermore, theeffects of background rotation on the wave induced mean flow are also studied using numer-ical simulations.The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is considered as one of the main sources of mixing inoceans. Laboratory modelling of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current was done in the Coriolisplatform at LEGI to study the topography induced drag on the current. The experiment andits results are also presented.
Download or read book Ocean Mixing written by Michael Meredith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Mixing: Drivers, Mechanisms and Impacts presents a broad panorama of one of the most rapidly-developing areas of marine science. It highlights the state-of-the-art concerning knowledge of the causes of ocean mixing, and a perspective on the implications for ocean circulation, climate, biogeochemistry and the marine ecosystem. This edited volume places a particular emphasis on elucidating the key future questions relating to ocean mixing, and emerging ideas and activities to address them, including innovative technology developments and advances in methodology. Ocean Mixing is a key reference for those entering the field, and for those seeking a comprehensive overview of how the key current issues are being addressed and what the priorities for future research are. Each chapter is written by established leaders in ocean mixing research; the volume is thus suitable for those seeking specific detailed information on sub-topics, as well as those seeking a broad synopsis of current understanding. It provides useful ammunition for those pursuing funding for specific future research campaigns, by being an authoritative source concerning key scientific goals in the short, medium and long term. Additionally, the chapters contain bespoke and informative graphics that can be used in teaching and science communication to convey the complex concepts and phenomena in easily accessible ways. - Presents a coherent overview of the state-of-the-art research concerning ocean mixing - Provides an in-depth discussion of how ocean mixing impacts all scales of the planetary system - Includes elucidation of the grand challenges in ocean mixing, and how they might be addressed
Download or read book Modeling Atmospheric and Oceanic Flows written by Thomas von Larcher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling Atmospheric and Oceanic Flows: Insights from Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulations provides a broad overview of recent progress in using laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to model atmospheric and oceanic fluid motions. This volume not only surveys novel research topics in laboratory experimentation, but also highlights recent developments in the corresponding computational simulations. As computing power grows exponentially and better numerical codes are developed, the interplay between numerical simulations and laboratory experiments is gaining paramount importance within the scientific community. The lessons learnt from the laboratory–model comparisons in this volume will act as a source of inspiration for the next generation of experiments and simulations. Volume highlights include: Topics pertaining to atmospheric science, climate physics, physical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics Overview of the most advanced experimental and computational research in geophysics Recent developments in numerical simulations of atmospheric and oceanic fluid motion Unique comparative analysis of the experimental and numerical approaches to modeling fluid flow Modeling Atmospheric and Oceanic Flows will be a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in the fields of geophysics, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, climate science, hydrology, and experimental geosciences.
