Download or read book The Importance of Escape Clauses written by Martin Eckhoff Andresen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Escape clauses, where small firms are exempt from particular tax rules, is a crucial feature of a number of corporate tax schemes, but creates incentives to avoid taxation by manipulating the measures that determine inclusion. We evaluate the impact of thin capitalization rules, which commonly feature such escape clauses across the world, by exploiting the introduction of these rules in Norway in 2014. Combining difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity and bunching estimates, we show that what appears to be a strong response in the capital structure among exposed firms primarily reflect within-group reallocation of debt to avoid exposure to the rules. We observe sharp bunching among both new and existing subsidiaries at both thresholds for rule inclusion, and find that internal corporate group debt is offloaded to these bunching subsidiaries in order to avoid additional tax costs. As a result, significant and large effects on firm-level capital structure in response to the thin capitalization rules is driven by reshuffling of capital within corporate groups with little real effects. Re-estimating the difference-in-difference specification at the corporate group level confirms this finding, questioning the extent to which thin capitalization rules affect the real economy due to the presence of escape clauses.

Download or read book Escape Clauses and Self enforcement in International Trade Agreements written by Eduardo Carvalho de Castro and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Analysis of Causality in Escape Clause Cases written by Kenneth Kelly and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Escape Clause written by Jeffrey R. DeRego and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Union of Superheroes is an organization established in 1956 with the sole purpose of collecting, protecting, and defining any humans (Normals) who manifest superhuman abilities (Supers). The original first five Supers, known as the Liberty League, created the Charter of Independence and codes of conduct that delineate the role the Union has in Normal scociety. ..."--Page 4 of cover.

Download or read book Procedure and Criteria with Respect to Administration of Escape Clause in Trade Agreements Prepared in Response to Resolution of Committee on Ways and Means House of Representatives written by and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Procedure and Criteria with Respect to the Administration of the Escape Clause in Trade Agreements written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effectiveness of Escape Clause Relief in Promoting Adjustment to Import Competition written by Paul R. Golding and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Escape Clause written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Watches Movements and Parts 1954 Report to the President on Escape clause Investigation No 26 Under the Provision of Section 7 of the Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1951 written by United States Tariff Commission and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inflation Rules with Consistent Escape Clauses written by Annika Alexius and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simple inflation targets may be supplemented with an escape clause to be evoked in case the economy is hit by a major supply shock. In this paper, consistent solutions to the Flood and Isard (1990) escape clause model are derived in the spirit of Lohmann (1990). She showed that Flood and Isard's assumption of symmetric boundary values of shocks, outside of which the zero inflation rule should be broken, is inconsistent if the output or employment target differs from the natural rate. This is quantitatively important since the optimal boundary values in the consistent model are highly asymmetric. The effects of unemployment persistence on the optimal escape clause are also investigated in a two period version of the model. In the second period, monetary policy should respond more often to supply shocks if unemployment is persistent. The first period effect may be of either sign.

Download or read book Proposals to Reform the Escape Clause written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Department of State Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Place of Performance written by Chukwuma Okoli and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an unprecedented analysis on the place of performance. The central theme is that the place of performance is of considerable significance as a connecting factor in international commercial contracts. This book challenges and questions the approach of the European legislator for not explicitly giving special significance to the place of performance in determining the applicable law in the absence of choice for commercial contracts. It also contains, inter alia, an analogy to matters of foreign country mandatory rules, and the coherence between jurisdiction and choice of law. It concludes by proposing a revised Article 4 of Rome I Regulation, which could be used as an international solution by legislators, judges, arbitrators and other stakeholders who wish to reform their choice of law rules.

Download or read book Justifications of Minority Protection in International Law written by Athanasia Spiliopoulou Åkermark and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 1997-07-23 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1993-1995.

Download or read book How the GATT Affects U S Antidumping and Countervailing duty Policy written by Bruce Gregory Arnold and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Regimes written by Stephen D. Krasner and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, fourteen distinguished specialists in international political economy thoroughly explore the concept of international regimes--the implicit and explicit principles, norms, rules, and procedures that guide international behavior. In the first section, the authors develop several theoretical views of regimes. In the following section, the theories are applied to specific issues in international relations, including the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and on the still-enduring postwar regimes for money and security.

Download or read book Congressional Record written by United States. Congress and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)