Download or read book The Impacts of Weather Forecasts on Military Operations written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have developed, tested, and operationally implemented a web based system for collecting and analyzing in nearreal time weather forecast and observational data to assess: (a) the performance of forecasts; and (b) the operational impacts of forecasts. A major goal of the system is to quantify the impacts of weather forecasts on the planning, execution, and outcomes of military operations. Our tests and implementation were focused on the METOC support provided by Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Detachment (NPMOD) Fallon to Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center (NSAWC) operations at Naval Air Station Fallon. Data are collected by NPMOD Fallon and entered via a web interface into a database at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) where the data are analyzed and results are reported in near-real time. The results include quantitative assessments of: (1) forecasts used in planning NSAWC missions; (2) changes made during mission planning in response to forecasted weather; (3) deviations from mission plans that occurred in response to weather conditions actually encountered; (4) positive and negative impacts on missions due to forecasts; (5) METOC Tactical Decision Aid forecast accuracy and mission impacts; and (6) forecast performance and mission impacts with respect to specific weather factors.
Download or read book Analysis of Weather Forecast Impacts on United States Air Force Combat Operations written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate weather forecasts are vital to air combat operations. Quantitative assessments of forecasts and their operational impacts are essential to improving weather support for war fighters. We adapted an existing U.S. Navy, web-based, near-real time system for collecting and analyzing data on the performance and operational impacts of military forecasts. We used the adapted system to collect and analyze data on Air Force Weather (AFW) forecasts, and the planning and execution of flying operations, at six Air Combat Command and Pacific Air Forces bases. We analyzed the data to develop quantitative metrics of forecast performance and operational impacts. Our results indicate that planning weather forecasts (PWFs) have a higher potential for making positive contributions to air operations than do mission execution forecasts (MEFs). This is notable because AFW units spend significantly less time developing PWFs than MEFs. Surface visibility, cloud ceilings, and cloud layers caused most negative mission impacts, indicating these phenomena should be a focus of future research and training. We found high levels of mission success even when forecasts were inaccurate, perhaps due to aircrew and mission flexibility. Our analyses revealed a need for improved education of flying units on the nature and availability of AFW products.
Download or read book The Utility of Weather Forecasts in Military Operations written by R. Robert Rapp and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Weather Operational Considerations on the Battlefield written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weather plays a significant role in the outcome of military operations and its impact has altered over the past fifty years due to changes in technology and forecasting. Advanced technology has not eliminated the need for a battlefield commander to incorporate weather condition limitations into his operational plan however, weather forecasting is at a level where weather can be a proactive factor in planning an operation. The case studies of Operational plan however, weather forecasting is at a level where weather can be a proactive factor in planning an operation. The case studies of Operation Overlord, Vietnam, and Desert Storm are reviewed to identify the changing impact of weather on U.S. military planning. This paper focuses on weather's impact on Navy warfare tasks and does not address terrain, hydrography, or the impact of weather on military personnel. Weather control as a weapon is also considered with emphasis on research efforts by the Soviet Union. Commanders must be taught to prepare plans by using weather as a force multiplier. Weather control research by the United States should continue for defensive reasons, and designs for new military equipment must incorporate methods to overcome limitations imposed by weather.
Download or read book Impact of Weather on Military Operations written by Gary D. Atkinson and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OS 02 The Impact of Climate and Extreme Weather Events on Military Operations written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The range of climate and extreme weather events, including high and low temperatures, drought and floods, high and damaging winds, and heavy or blowing snow have significant impacts on military operations. These impacts include increased risk to life and safety, injury, and a degrading effect on mission performance. The effects of snow are felt across a range of tasks from intelligence gathering by sensors to mobility of vehicles and personnel. A comprehensive review of the impacts of snow and weather on military operations is in progress, which will produce a geographic database of climate, extreme weather and snow impacts on military operations.
Download or read book Weather Information and Tactical Army Activities Part 1 Assessment of the Operational Utility of Mesoscale Weather Forecasting Improvements for Army Forces written by John Metzko and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this paper is to assess the operational utility of the most optimistic, but reasonable, improvement in reliability of mesoscale weather forecasts projected for Army forces in the mid-1980s. Data from recent forecast verification programs are the source for the reliability of current mesoscale weather forecasts. An understanding of the impact of weather forecasts on Army operations is developed by a series of workshop-type discussions with a broad cross section of Army officers. The main finding is that for a projected 1985 improvement in mesoscale weather forecasting reliability there does not appear to be a corresponding improvement in the utility of mesoscale forecasts for tactical planners. (Author).
Download or read book Tide of War written by David R. Petriello and published by Skyhorse. This book was released on 2018-01-16 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Halley’s Comet helped to announce the fall of the Shang Dynasty in China, a solar eclipse frightened the Macedonian army enough at Pydna in 168 BC to ensure victory for the Romans, a massive rain storm turned the field of Agincourt to mud in 1415 and gave Henry V his legendary victory, fog secured the throne of England for Edward IV at Barnet in 1471, wind and disease conspired to wreck the Spanish Armada, snow served to prevent the American capture of Quebec in 1775 and confined the Revolution to the Thirteen Colonies, and an earthquake helped to spark the Peloponnesian War. But this is only a small sampling of the many instances where nature has tipped the balance in combat. Over the past 4000 years, weather and nature have both hindered and helped various campaigns and battles, occasionally even altering the course of history in the process. Today elements of nature still affect the planning and waging of war, even as we have tried to mitigate its impact. The growing concern over climate change has only heightened the need to study and understand this subject. Tide of War is the first book to comprehensively tackle this topic and traces some of the most notable intersections between nature and war since ancient times.
Download or read book Weather Support for Field Army Tactical Operations written by United States. Department of the Army and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determining the Accuracy and Limits of Predictability of Numerical Weather Prediction for Regional Tactical Military Operations written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Defense aims to develop capabilities for the numerical prediction of small-scale weather as part of its Theatre Battle Management project. This is accomplished at research centers run by each branch of the military. Perhaps the most significant unknown at this point is the specific accuracy of the short-term, high-resolution models and the extent to which the forecasts can provide the guidance needed for tactical military operations. This report provides a detailed description of the research carried out under an Department of Defense Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (DEPSCoR) grant funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The overall objectives of this research project were to perform basic research into development of statistical methods for model validation, produce research quality data sets that could be used for operational verification, examine issues in uncertainty characterization, and to identify and examine the accuracies and uncertainties in the operational models currently being run by the Air Force Global Weather Center and the Army Research Laboratory using the Oklahoma Mesonet and other data sets. These research efforts have bee carried out through the interdisciplinary Environmental Verification and Analysis Center (EVAC) at the University of Oklahoma which was established to develop and apply geostatistical methods to utilize point measurements of geophysical data to verify model and remote sensing output. Included in this report is a short list of initial objectives, a summary of the key findings and results, and list of the research publications and presentations produced as a result of this grant.
Download or read book Field Manual written by United States. Department of the Army and published by . This book was released on 1942 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ten Guidelines for the Simulation of Weather sensitive Military Operations Weather and Warplanes II written by Ralph E. Huschke and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report presents directions for quantifying the value of weather service in military operations through the use of computer models. The suggested procedure is: Learn the operation from the operator's viewpoint; Determine acceptable measures of operational effectiveness; Keep the model as simple as credibility allows; Determine the constraints on decision flexibility; Quantify the nonweather decision aspects; Quantify weather effects on each component activity; Determine ways of expressing forecasting skills; Obtain and structure the required weather data, since it is seldom available in the form needed; Establish decision rules and effectiveness criteria; Write credible scenarios for the model. Results from the STRICOM weather/decision model are presented to demonstrate the desirability of the Air Weather Service engaging in such analysis. (Author).
Download or read book A Simple Model to Elucidate the Utility of Weather Forecasting in Military Operations Weather and Warplanes III written by R. Robert Rapp and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Environment on Military Operations written by George Washington University and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress report for an Army-sponsored research study by George Washington University to evaluate the impacts of environmental factors such as weather and terrain on troops, equipment, and operations in various theaters of World War II.
Download or read book Weather and Climate Resilience written by David P. Rogers and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-10-07 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of weather, climate, and water information is rising because of the need to minimize growing economic losses, serve more elaborate societal needs, and help countries adapt to climate change. Weather and Climate Resilience highlights recent World Bank experience and offers guidance on good practices that will help modernization efforts. Sustainable development hinges on the ability to copy with natural hazards and avoid the ensuing disasters that often befall a poorly prepared society. National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) play a vital role as a country's official source of warnings for weather hazards. Together with disasters managers, they play a critical part in reducing the adverse impact of hydrometeorological threats. In many developing countries, however, underinvestment in infrastructure and operations of NMHSs has left them with limited capacity to inform and warn. These countries are often disproportionately vulnerable to hydrometeorological hazards with many people living in areas exposed to floods, storm surges, extreme temperatures, drought and other dangers. Weather and Climate Resilience underscores the urgent need to strengthen NMHSs, especially in developing countries, and provides cost-benefit estimates of the return that countries can hope to achieve. It also offers a recommended approach that has been tested and implemented in Europe, Central and South Asia, and other countries. This book takes an important step in this process by increasing the awareness of development agencies and national governments of the role of World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and NMHSs in reducing the impact of hydrometeorological hazards and improving national economic performance. It synthesizes recent experiences of the World Bank and Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), the WMO (World Meteorological Organization), and other development partners.
Download or read book An Objective System for Preparing Operational Weather Forecasts written by Iver A. Lund and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Weather Climate as Related to Military Operations in France written by United States. Army Air Forces. Weather Division and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
