Download or read book The Impact on Growth of Higher Efficiency of Public Spending on Schools OECD Economics Department Working Papers written by Frederic Gonand and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the impact on economic growth of increased efficiency of public spending in primary and lower-secondary education. Higher efficiency in public spending in schools can bolster growth through two main channels. On the one hand, it can allow a transfer of labour from the public sector to the business sector at unchanged educational output. On the other, it can enhance educational output and productivity of the future labour force at unchanged public employment and expenditures. The paper argues that, in most cases, efficiency gains might have larger effects on GDP in the long run if they are used to increase educational outputs rather than to reduce inputs. A 10% increase on educational output might raise GDP by, on average, 3% to 6% in the long run in most OECD countries, whereas using efficiency gains to transfer resources to the business sector might have an impact of less than 1% on GDP. However, some trade-off can appear in the short run because input-decreasing efficiency gains materialise more rapidly on growth than improvements in output-increasing efficiency. (A bibliography is included. Contains 12 footnotes, 3 figures and 2 tables.).
Download or read book The Impact on Growth of Higher Efficiency of Public Spending on Schools written by Frédéric Gonand and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the impact on economic growth of increased efficiency of public spending in primary and lower-secondary education. Higher efficiency in public spending in schools can bolster growth through two main channels. On the one hand, it can allow a transfer of labour from the public sector to the business sector at unchanged educational output. On the other, it can enhance educational output and productivity of the future labour force at unchanged public employment and expenditures. The paper argues that, in most cases, efficiency gains ...
Download or read book Economic Policy Reforms 2008 Going for Growth written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-03-04 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Going for Growth 2008 takes stock of recent progress in implementing policy reforms to improve labour productivity and utilisation that were identified as priorities in the 2007 edition.
Download or read book The Effectiveness and Efficiency of Public Spending written by Ulrike Mandl and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge: 1. Introduction - 2. Concepts of efficiency and effectiveness of public performance - 3. How to measure efficiency and effectiveness - 4. The composition of expenditures: some stylised facts - 5. Efficiency and effectiveness of educational and R & D spending - Annex: Illustration of reform initiatives taken by Member States.
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys Slovak Republic 2012 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OECD's 2012 Economic Survey of the Slovak Republic examines recent economic developments, policies and prospect and takes a special look at improving the fiscal framework and investing efficiently in education and active labour market policies.
Download or read book Performance Indicators for Public Spending Efficiency in Primary and Secondary Education OECD Economics Department Working Papers written by Douglas Sutherland and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the potential to raise public spending efficiency in the primary and secondary education sector. Resource availability per pupil has increased significantly over the past decade in a number of countries; often in attempting to exploit the link between educational attainment and growth. However, available evidence reveals only a weak correlation between increased resource availability and pupil performance. In order to draw cross-country comparisons of the efficiency in the provision of education, the paper develops a set of comparable indicators which reflect international differences in the levels of efficiency in the primary and secondary education sector both within and among countries. The paper identifies significant scope to improve efficiency by moving towards best practice. These results are robust to a variety of approaches and are most certain when the potential gain from eliminating inefficiency is larger. (A bibliography is included. Supporting Technical Documentation and Supplementary Results are annexed. Contains 37 footnotes, 21 figures, 3 boxes and 17 tables.).
Download or read book OECD Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Efficiency of Public Spending in Developing Countries written by Santiago Herrera and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Government spending in developing countries typically account for between 15 and 30 percent of GDP. Hence, small changes in the efficiency of public spending could have a major impact on GDP and on the attainment of the government ' s objectives. The first challenge that stakeholders face is measuring efficiency. This paper attempts such quantification and has two major parts. The first part estimates efficiency as the distance between observed input-output combinations and an efficiency frontier (defined as the maximum attainable output for a given level of inputs). This frontier is estimated for several health and education output indicators by means of the Free Disposable Hull (FDH) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) techniques. Both input-inefficiency (excess input consumption to achieve a level of output) and output-inefficiency (output shortfall for a given level of inputs) are scored in a sample of 140 countries using data from 1996 to 2002. The second part of the paper seeks to verify empirical regularities of the cross-country variation in efficiency. Results show that countries with higher expenditure levels register lower efficiency scores, as well as countries where the wage bill is a larger share of the government ' s budget. Similarly, countries with higher ratios of public to private financing of the service provision score lower efficiency, as do countries plagued by the HIV/AIDS epidemic and those with higher income inequality. Countries with higher aid-dependency ratios also tend to score lower in efficiency, probably due to the volatility of this type of funding that impedes medium term planning and budgeting. Though no causality may be inferred from this exercise, it points at different factors to understand why some countries might need more resources than others to achieve similar educational and health outcomes.
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys Italy 2009 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-06-17 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OECD's periodic review of Italy's economy. This edition finds Italy facing a sharp recession. After a general review of the impact of the crisis and potential for stimulus, it takes a closer look at the financial system, regulatory reform, and ...
Download or read book Reforming Education in England OECD Economics Department Working Papers written by Henrik Braconier and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite significant increases in spending on child care and education during the last decade, PISA scores suggest that educational performance remains static, uneven and strongly related to parents' income and background. Better educational performance could improve labour market outcomes, raise growth, lower the consequences of a disadvantaged background and increase social mobility. Given the austere fiscal outlook, improvements have to come from higher efficiency rather than further spending. More focused pre-school spending on disadvantaged children could improve skill formation. Better-targeted funding for disadvantaged children combined with strengthened incentives for schools to attract and support these students would help raising educational outcomes. The government is increasing user choice by expanding the academies programme and introducing Free Schools, but needs to closely follow effects on fair access for disadvantaged children. The impact of increasing user choice on educational outcomes is uncertain, but the government should experiment with proscribing the use of residence criteria in admission to local government maintained schools in some local authorities. Reforms to increase supply flexibility should be pursued. All government funded schools should enjoy the same freedom in hiring and wage setting to level the playing field across different school types. To better gauge progress and inform policy makers, schools and parents on educational outcomes, additional performance measures should be developed and steps taken to lessen the reliance on grades in performance management. Insufficient supply of high-quality vocational programmes and tertiary education study places hamper human capital formation and growth. Stabilising and simplifying vocational education by more focus on high quality apprenticeships would support participation. The government needs to find efficient measures to raise participation especially among children from low income families to replace the abolished educational maintenance allowance. Further reforms to funding of higher education could lower taxpayers' costs and help finance a needed expansion in the sector. This Working Paper relates to the 2011 OECD Economic Survey of the United Kingdom. (Contains 8 tables, 17 figures, 6 boxes and 15 footnotes.).
Download or read book Bulgaria written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper investigates the role of debt overhang in explaining weak nonfinancial corporate (NFC) investment in Bulgaria using firm-level data. The study confirms a negative association between measures of debt overhang and investment for Bulgarian NFCs using firm-level data. Bulgaria’s NFCs are the most leveraged among new member states. The findings suggest that high NFC debt overhang could be an important drag on investment. While credit demand is likely to pick up in line with economic activity, high NFC indebtedness could continue to stand in the way of corporate credit recovery. A possible direction for future work is to investigate the existence of different investment cycles across business activities/sectors, and their role in explaining the identified negative relationship. Policies that help reduce the corporate debt overhang could help boost credit and growth. Policy initiatives such as an efficient corporate debt restructuring framework and tax measures could help corporate deleveraging. The findings suggest that high corporate debt could be an important drag on investment.
Download or read book The Effect of the Size and the Mix of Public Spending on Growth and Inequality written by Jean-Marc Fournier and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This paper provides evidence on the effects of the size and the composition of public spending on long-term growth and inequality. An estimated baseline convergence model captures the long-term effect of human capital and total investment on potential output for a panel of OECD countries. The composition of public spending added to this baseline provides evidence that certain public spending items (public investment and education) boost potential growth, while others (pensions and public subsidies) lower potential growth. There is also evidence that too large governments reduce potential growth, unless the functioning of government is highly effective. This paper also investigates the effect of public spending items on income inequality. Increasing the size of government, family benefits or subsidies decreases inequality. Reforms making the government more effective and an education reform that aims at encouraging completion of secondary education may also decrease income inequality. Simulations combining both growth and distributional effects illustrate that most reforms can deliver considerable growth gains and benefit the poor
Download or read book Education at a Glance written by and published by . This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The OECD education indicators enable countries to see themselves in light of other countries performance. They reflect on both the human and financial resources invested in education and on the returns of these investments.
Download or read book Performance Indicators for Public Spending Efficiency in Primary and Secondary Education written by Douglas Sutherland and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equity and Quality in Education Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2012-02-09 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across OECD countries, almost one in every five students does not reach a basic minimum level of skills. This book presents a series of policy recommendations for education systems to help all children succeed.
Download or read book Public Spending Efficiency in the OECD written by Richard Dutu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many OECD countries changes in demography and health conditions are putting pressure on public finance. To prevent further expansion of government spending as a percentage of GDP, public spending efficiency will need to be raised. This paper uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the efficiency of welfare spending in a sample of OECD countries around 2012, focussing on health care, secondary education and general public services. The DEA model has a two input-one output structure, with at least one of the variables representing a composite indicator controlling for country-specific factors (socio-economic environment and life-style factors, for example). We find wide dispersion in efficiency measures across OECD countries and provide possible quantified improvements for both output and input efficiency.
Download or read book A Hybrid Approach to Estimating the Efficiency of Public Spending on Education in Emerging and Developing Economies written by Francesco Grigoli and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-01-30 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The measurement of the efficiency of public education expenditure using parametric and non-parametric methods has proven challenging. This paper seeks to overcome the difficulties of earlier studies by using a hybrid approach to measure the efficiency of secondary education spending in emerging and developing economies. The approach accounts for the impact of the level of development on education outcomes by constructing different efficiency frontiers for lower- and higher-income economies. We find evidence of large potential gains in enrollment rates by improving efficiency. These are largest in lower-income economies, especially in Africa. Reallocating expenditure to reduce student-to-teacher ratios (where these are high) and improving the quality of institutions (as measured by the "governance effectiveness" indicator in the World bank's Governance Indicators database) could help improve the efficiency of education spending. Easing the access to education facilities and reducing income inequality (as measured by the Gini coefficient) could also help improve efficiency.
