Download or read book The Impact of Research and Development on Long term Economic Growth written by Roger E. Brinner and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impacts of Research and Development Expenditures written by John J. Wetter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-03 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research underlying this volume was designed to test the theory of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in contemporary context. Developed by Nobel Prize-winning economist, Robert Solow, in the 1950s, TFP has been applied by many economists to investigate the relationships among capital, labor, and economic performance. In this analysis, John Wetter presents the hypothesis that technological investment drives growth and performance of the U.S. economy. The study addresses four key questions: 1. Is there a relationship between Total Factor Productivity and Gross National Product? 2. Is there a relationship between Total Factor Productivity and Research & Development expenditures? 3. Is there a relationship between Research & Development expenditures and Gross Domestic Product? 4. Can the relationship in research question #1 be explained by other factors? Is there any potential non-spuriousness (mediation) implication to the relationship? Synthesizing the literature from related fields, including macroeconomics, technology transfer, and innovation, and applying rigorous methodology, Wetter demonstrates that Total Factor Productivity is positively related to Gross Domestic Product and is mediated by Research & Development. In addition, he reveals that the lag time between R&D spending and GDP growth averages eleven years, which suggests that long-term planning is essential to maximizing the benefits of R&D. Wetter considers the implications for policymaking and industry leadership, including such timely issues as the effects of the 2009 U.S. stimulus program.
Download or read book Understanding Long Run Economic Growth written by Dora L. Costa and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-10 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conditions for sustainable growth and development are among the most debated topics in economics, and the consensus is that institutions matter greatly in explaining why some economies are more successful than others over time. This book explores the relationship between economic conditions, growth, and inequality.
Download or read book The Economics of R D Policy written by Gregory Tassey and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1997-11-25 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industry officials and government policymakers have for some time decried the lack of a framework for establishing and defending Research and Development (R&D) policies. Effective policy requires an understanding of the underlying economics. This book offers models and analysis of the economic elements that drive technology-based growth with emphasis on their implications for policy analysis. It also compares existing U.S. policies with those used in Europe and Japan. The results of these models and analysis is a framework for matching various forms of underinvestment with efficient strategic and policy responses. This market-failure based approach enables industry and government R&D initiatives to be developed, analyzed, and implemented with greater success than previously attained. The first part of the book analyzes economic trends to show how they are affected by technological change and the evolving nature of foreign competition. R&D spending patterns are studied to identify and characterize market failures that prevent adequate private-sector investments in technology. A model is presented for a typical technology-based industry. The second part looks at specific technologies and policies that impact R&D investment and that have been the subject of intense policy debate.
Download or read book Investment R d and Long Run Growth written by Dietmar Hornung and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the relation between investment, R&D, and long-run growth. Its first part surveys the literature on R&D-based growth. This survey is supplemented by a number of classifying tables. In its second part, the book goes beyond the models of R&D-based growth by proposing a more comprehensive view: it sets forth growth models that represent economic growth as being driven by the complementary processes of physical capital investment and R&D activity, rather than by R&D activity alone. For all models presented, schematic representations and illustrative graphs are provided. The reader of this study acquires a fundamental understanding of the relation between investment, R&D, and long-run growth. Thus, this book is helpful not only to those teaching but also the economists researching in the field of growth theory.
Download or read book Understanding Long Run Economic Growth written by Dora L. Costa and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-08-10 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conditions for sustainable growth and development are among the most debated topics in economics, and the consensus is that institutions matter greatly in explaining why some economies are more successful than others over time. Probing the long-term effects of early colonial differences on immigration policy, land distribution, and financial development in a variety of settings, Understanding Long-Run Economic Growth explores the relationship between economic conditions, growth, and inequality, with a focus on how the monopolization of resources by the political elite limits incentives for ordinary people to invest in human capital or technological discovery. Among the topics discussed are the development of credit markets in France, the evolution of transportation companies in the United Kingdom and the United States, and the organization of innovation in the United States.
Download or read book Health and Economic Growth written by Guillem López i Casasnovas and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading international researchers offer theoretical and empirical microeconomic and macroeconomic perspectives on the ways a population's health status affects a country's economic growth.
Download or read book Innovation Led Economic Growth written by Charles F. Rice and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation and technology are increasingly at the heart of economic growth around the world and will be crucial tools for addressing emerging issues such as global urbanization and growing demand for food, energy, and water. In this report, CSIS and RTI International assess the challenges and opportunities facing developing countries as they pursue innovation and technology-driven economic growth. The report includes analysis of three different subtopics—education and human capital development, translational research and development and commercialization, and the innovation policy environment—as well as case studies from Kenya, Malaysia, and India. From this research collaboration, CSIS and RTI International hope to create a platform for engaging a broad set of actors to support the creation of knowledge-based economies and innovation-led economic growth.
Download or read book stock market development and long run growth written by Ross Levine and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book R D Innovation and Economic Growth written by Hulya Ulku and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the main postulations of the R&D based growth models that innovation is created in the R&D sectors and it enables sustainable economic growth, provided that there are constant returns to innovation in terms of R&D. The analysis employs various panel data techniques and uses patent and R&D data for 20 OECD and 10 Non-OECD countries for the period 1981-97. The results suggest a positive relationship between per capita GDP and innovation in both OECD and non-OECD countries, while the effect of R&D stock on innovation is significant only in the OECD countries with large markets. Although these results provide support for endogenous growth models, there is no evidence for constant returns to innovation in terms of R&D, implying that innovation does not lead to permanent increases in economic growth. However, these results do not necessarily suggest a rejection of R&D based growth models, given that neither patent nor R&D data capture the full range of innovation and R&D activities.
Download or read book Economic Growth and Development written by Olivier La Grandville and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the very beginnings of economics as a science, which might be dated from Ibn Khaldun's "Introduction to History" (1377), the challenge of making societies escape from poverty and attain some degree of prosperity has always been, and can remain, a fundamental issue. This book presents research on each of these issues.
Download or read book Technology Labor and Economic Potential written by Roger Brinner and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Research and Development Expenditures and the National Economy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Domestic and International Scientific Planning and Analysis and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book R D Scale Effects and Spillovers New Insights from Emerging Countries written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2016 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a concomitant rise in R&D and the rate of economic growth in emerging countries. Analyzing a panel of 31 emerging countries, we find convincing evidence of scale effects which make government policies potent for long-run growth. This contrasts sharply with the well-known findings of Jones (1995a). Innovations show increasing returns to knowledge stock, implying that the diminishing returns assumed by some semi-endogenous growth models might not be generalized. International R&D spillovers raise the innovation bar. The observed growth rates of emerging economies appear in transition therefore their growth rates may recede with the passage of time.
Download or read book Productivity Technology and Economic Growth written by Bart van Ark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Productivity, Technology and Economic Growth presents a selection of recent research advances on long term economic growth. While the contributions stem from both economic history, macro- and microeconomics and the economics of innovation, all papers depart from a common viewpoint: the key factor behind long term growth is productivity, and the latter is primarily driven by technological change. Most contributions show implicitly or explicitly that technological change is at least partly dependent on growth itself. Furthermore, technology appears to interact strongly with investment in physical and human capital as well as with changes in historical, political and institutional settings. Together these papers are an up-to-date account of the remarkable convergence in theoretical and empirical work on productivity and growth over the past decades. The first part deals with the characteristics of growth regimes over longer periods, ranging from 20 years to two centuries. The next four chapters study the determinants of productivity growth and, in some cases, productivity slowdown during the last quarter of the twentieth century. The final five chapters focus on the role of technology and innovation as the key determinants of growth. Productivity, Technology and Economic Growth is, therefore, a welcome collection for academic scholars and graduate students in economics, history and related social sciences as well as for policy makers.
Download or read book R D and Productivity Growth written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological change is an important determinant of long-run productivity growth and therefore of increases in living standards over time. Many analysts, aware of the importance of research and development (R & D) for new discoveries, have studied the connection between spending for R & D and productivity growth. As a result, a large number of empirical studies estimate the effect of R & D investment on such growth. This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) paper is not meant to be a survey of the empirical literature relating to R & D and productivity, instead, the paper draws on previous studies, including past surveys, to offer information bearing on three questions related to R & D and productivity growth. First, is R & D an important factor in explaining the growth of total factor productivity (TFP) at the economy-wide level? Second, if R & D is an important factor, how great is its impact? In practice, the main evidence related to these questions consists of econometric estimates of the elasticity of output with respect to R & D, which is defined as the percentage change in output that would be expected from a 1 percent increase in R & D investment. The majority of this paper examines previous studies and surveys to determine a reasonable estimate of the R & D elasticity for the U.S. economy. The third question that the paper examines is, given the shortcomings of the available data, is it worthwhile to add R & D spending to existing models of the economy? CBO uses several such long-run models to forecast growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and to analyze policy options, and TFP growth is an important variable in each one. Although economics has yet to fully explain the determinants of TFP growth, even a cursory glance at the empirical literature suggests that R & D plays an important role. If so, models of long-run economic growth will benefit from an explicit treatment of R & D, especially if the addition of that factor allows those models to better explain economic history.
Download or read book Resource led Growth a Long term Perspective written by Ronald Findlay and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
