Download or read book The Impact of Regulations on Agro Food Trade The Technical Barriers to Trade TBT and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures SPS Agreements written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2003-12-22 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines pertinent issues at the interface between domestic policy objectives, technical regulations and agricultural trade. It also discusses approaches to measuring the trade impacts of food safety and other technical measures.

Download or read book The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade written by Anne-Célia Disdier and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to World Trade Organization rules, countries may adopt regulations under the Agreements on Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). We analyze the structure of these measures in agricultural trade. The inventory approach suggests that European countries have among the lowest coverage ratios of all OECD countries. Using a gravity equation, we also estimate their stringency. Our results suggest that they significantly reduce developing countries' exports to OECD countries, but do not affect trade between OECD members. Furthermore, European imports are more negatively influenced by SPS and TBTs than imports of other OECD countries.

Download or read book Agriculture trade and environment achieving complementary policies written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade liberalisation affects the pattern and structure of agricultural production, with consequences for the environment. But what are these impacts? And do agri-environmental policies affect international competitiveness? This study takes an in-depth look at the pig sector in OECD countries and draws some conclusions about the most appropriate forms of policy intervention. Further trade liberalisation is likely to strengthen market trends in the pig sector. Production is expected to slow, if not contract, in OECD European and Asian countries. In these countries, government support for pig production in the form of tariffs and/or export subsidies is generally the highest, and the environmental impacts of pig production on water and air pollution are of greatest concern. This book argues that liberalising trade is therefore likely to generate some environmental benefits. Regulatory requirements are the most important type of agri-environmental measures affecting pig production, and these mainly focus on the appropriate management of manure to reduce water pollution. Using comparative analysis, this study concludes that while manure management regulations do differ among countries, the cost effect on pig producers is not significant in explaining differences in international competitiveness.€ This is the first in a series of in-depth studies being undertaken by the OECD to investigate the linkages between agriculture, trade and the environment. Other studies examining the dairy and arable crop sectors are underway.

Download or read book The Political Economy Of Agricultural Trade And Policy written by Hans J Michelmann and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a descriptive analysis of the political economy of the European Community, the U.S. and Canada. It describes the structural changes and the crises in agriculture and focuses on impact of GATT on agricultural policy and trade in the post-Second World War era.

Download or read book International Trade Rules and the Agriculture Sector written by Victor Mosoti and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the establishment of the WTO, there have been significant changes in the legal and institutional landscape of many developing countries. Whatever the motivation for trade-related legal reform, our experience in the FAO Legal Office has been that besides the substantial costs involved, there are many challenges to successful and meaningful legal and institutional reforms. Legal drafters must therefore be well aware of the existing legal and administrative culture. They must also have a realistic appreciation of the resource constraints in the country, for inadequate resources certainly restrict the ability of implementing bodies to put new rules into practice. This study is about the nature and extent of these trade-related legal and institutional reforms with a particular focus on those of direct relevance to the agricultural sector. In addition to the sectoral focus on agriculture, the study places distinct emphasis on the challenges of developing countries in the implementation of trade-related international obligations in the agricultural sector. It derives from FAO's experience in advising countries on the implementation of agriculture-related WTO agreements, key elements of which are discussed and illustrated by three representative case studies.

Download or read book Agricultural Trade Policy written by Timothy Edward Josling and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1998 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Uruguay Round trade negotiations marked a historic turning point in the reform of agricultural trade. The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) replaced nontariff barriers with bound tariffs, curbed export subsidies, and codified domestic agricultural programs. Unfortunately, the URAA bound many of the tariffs that replaced nontariff barriers too high, it legitimized export subsidies, and it left the domestic farm policies of the major industrial countries largely untouched. Fortunately, regional trade institutions have also begun to grapple with agricultural trade liberalization. Agriculture was featured in the Mercosur agreement, in recent agreements between the European Union and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and in the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA). Plans for broad supraregional trade structures, such as the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), have also dealt with the inclusion of agricultural trade. Meanwhile, in developing and middle-income countries, unilateral agricultural policy reforms have been part of recent economic policy changes. However, in the industrial countries, agricultural policy reform has languished in the face of much domestic opposition. But the reform of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 1992 and the 1996 Farm Bill in the United States seems to have ushered in a new era of relations between government and agricultural groups. The author points out ways that multilateral, regional, and unilateral paths could be coordinated to liberalized agricultural trade. He proposes a set of multilateral talks that would benefit from agricultural reform at all levels and complete the job begun at the Uruguay Round.

Download or read book The Regulation of Agricultural Subsidies in the World Trade Organization Framework A Developing Country Perspective written by Farai Chigavazira and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) was adopted to eliminate the illegitimate use of trade distorting agricultural subsidies and, thereby, reduce and avoid the negative effects subsidies have on global agricultural trade. However, the AoA has been fashioned in a way that is enabling developed countries to continue high levels of protectionism through subsidization, whilst many developing countries are facing severe and often damaging competition from imports artificially cheapened through subsidies. The regulation of subsidies by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been a highly sensitive issue. This is mainly due to the fear of compromising on food security, especially by developed countries. Developing countries have suffered negatively from the subsidy programmes of developed countries, which continue to subsidize their agricultural sector. This position of developing countries in the global trade system, which has been described as weak, has drawn criticism of the WTO, namely that it does not protect the interests of the weak developing nations, but rather strengthens the interests of the strong developed nations. The green box provisions which are specifically designed to regulate payments that are considered trade neutral or minimally trade distorting have grossly been manipulated by developed countries at the mercy of the AoA. Developed countries continue to provide trade distorting subsidies under the guise of green box support. This is defeating the aims and objectives of the AoA. The study examines the regulation of WTO agricultural subsidies from the developing countries’ perspective. It looks at the problems WTO member states face with trade distorting subsidies, but focuses more on the impact these have on developing states. It scrutinizes the AoA’s provisions regulating subsidies by adopting a perspective to identify any loopholes or shortcomings which undermine the interests and aspirations of developing countries. This is against the background that some of the provisions of the AoA are lenient towards the needs of developed countries at the expense of developing countries.

Download or read book Environmental Policies written by John Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agricultural Trade Policy written by Daniel Alan Sumner and published by American Enterprise Institute. This book was released on 1995 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement through the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Uruguay Round of negotiations for the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the United States has been involved in major trade policy discussions. This study reviews the contents and implications of the trade agreements, as well as the consequences of failing to secure agricultural trade policy reform.

Download or read book Globalization and Agricultural Trade Policy written by Hans J. Michelmann and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 2001 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of globalization and agricultural trade policy. The contributors explore: rapidly evolving environmental policies; state trading enterprises and their impact on international prices and competitiveness; regional trade agreements; and the influence of the WTO on policy.

Download or read book Downsizing the Federal Government written by Chris Edwards and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2005-11-25 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The federal government is running huge budget deficits, spending too much, and heading toward a financial crisis. Federal spending soared under President George W. Bush, and the costs of programs for the elderly are set to balloon in coming years. Hurricane Katrina has made the federal budget situation even more desperate. In Downsizing the Federal Government Cato Institute budget expert Chris Edwards provides policymakers with solutions to the growing federal budget mess. Edwards identifies more than 100 federal programs that should be terminated, transferred to the states, or privatized in order to balance the budget and save hundreds of billions of dollars. Edwards proposes a balanced reform package of cuts to entitlements, domestic programs, and excess defense spending. He argues that these cuts would not only eliminate the deficit, but also strengthen the economy, enlarge personal freedom, and leave a positive fiscal legacy for the next generation. Downsizing the Federal Government discusses the systematic causes of wasteful spending, and it overflows with examples of federal programs that are obsolete and mismanaged. The book examines the budget process and shows how policymakers act contrary to the interests of average Americans by favoring special interests.

Download or read book Agricultural Trade Policy and Food Security in the Caribbean written by Deep Ford and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural trade is a major factor determining food security in Caribbean countries. In these small open economies, exports are essential, whilst imports provide a large part of the food supply. This book examines various dimensions of trade policy and related issues and suggests policies to address trade and food security and rural development linkages. It is as a guide and reference documents for agricultural trade policy analysts, trade negotiators, policy-makers and planners in both the public and private sectors.

Download or read book Extending International Trading Rules to Agriculture written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agriculture Trade And The Environment written by Maurey E Bredahl and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1996-05-09 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A contentious issue in international relations today is the linkage of trade and the environment. Increased interest in this subject led to an environmental side-agreement to the North American Free Trade Agreement. In addition, the incorporation of environmental concerns into international trade rules will be one of the first items of business of the new World Trade Organization. Strong concerns over the impact of environmental regulations on international competitiveness ensure the ongoing debate a place at the top of the U.S. policy agenda as well.In this timely volume, an international group of economists, trade negotiators, and environmentalists brings diverse perspectives to bear on the nexus of trade and the environment. Providing a conceptual framework to help readers contextualize the debates, the contributors explore emerging political and economic connections between trade, international institutions, and the environment. They develop conceptual linkages among renewable resources, trade, and international goods, with consideration to both developed and developing economies. They then offer varying ways of measuring critical linkages, and, finally, they identify areas in need of further research.

Download or read book Economics of Regulation in Agriculture written by Floor Brouwer and published by CABI. This book was released on 2012 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work debates and investigates the cross-compliance system - whereby farmers comply with certain standards relating to the environment, food safety and animal and plant health. The book discusses cross-compliance in the context of existing standards, on-farm costs and the competitiveness of farm businesses. Analysing the economics of regulation both within the internal market of the EU and the broader world market by examining a broad range of agricultural products. This resource will be of value to agriculture and resource economists, policy makers, researchers and students in environment

Download or read book Public Concerns Environmental Standards and Agricultural Trade written by Floor Brouwer and published by CABI. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title reviews the issues relating to agricultural trade and competition. Features include chapters on world trade and trade liberalization as well as chapters on the situation in the European Union, USA, Canada, Australia and developing countries.