Download or read book The Impact of Higher Education Expansion on Intergenerational Mobility written by Hai Zhong and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The persistent correlations between parents and children's outcomes have long been investigated. From a policy perspective, it is important to understand the underlying causes of those correlations. Educational policy changes may have significant impacts on intergenerational mobility. The last several decades have witnessed a remarkable expansion of higher education around the world. In this paper, we examine the effect of higher education expansion on intergenerational mobility in China. We find that the higher education expansion in China has weakened the advantage of cadres' children in higher education participation, and has strengthened the intergenerational educational correlation. One explanation for these results might be that, along with the process of economic reform started in 1979, the cadre selection mechanism has placed more and more weight on candidate's education and abilities.
Download or read book Schooling and Intergenerational Mobility written by Noemí Katzkowicz and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poor post-secondary education infrastructure and opportunities partly explain the low higher education rates in developing countries. This paper estimates the effect of a program that improved post-secondary education infrastructure by building many university campuses across Uruguay. Leveraging temporal and geographic variation in program implementation, we use a two-way fixed effect design and comprehensive administrative records to assess the program's causal impact. By lowering the distance to a university campus, the program successfully increased university enrollment, particularly of less privileged students who are the first in their families to attend a university. The program impacted students from localities up to 30 kilometers from the new campus, reducing spatial inequality. Importantly, this expansion did not lower university completion rates. Furthermore, the program increased high school attendance and completion rates and the proportion of educated workers in the affected localities.
Download or read book The Role of Higher Education in Intergenerational Mobility written by Amanda Davis Simpfenderfer and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the US, higher education is viewed as a stepping stone to economic and social mobility, where the promise of improved socioeconomic outcomes continues to draw many students to enroll despite the increasing cost of attendance (National Center for Education Statistics, 2019). The implicit (and sometimes even explicit) promise is that a post-secondary degree is a pathway to upward mobility for all individuals. Yet, higher education is not a monolith, nor are the students attending a homogenous population. Students experience differential outcomes based on their demographics (Baum et al., 2013), as well as institutional type (Thompson, 2019). The purpose of this study is to further illuminate the ways higher education institutions might influence students' post-graduation outcome, specifically intergenerational mobility. The current study examines the impact of higher education at both the institutional level and the individual level. This study uses data from the Baccalaureate and Beyond 08/12 national study, the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, and Opportunity Insights. Multilevel structural equation modeling and latent class analysis were used to examine the influence of institutional quality, peer environment, and compositional racial diversity on intergenerational mobility rates and graduates socioeconomic outcomes. At the institutional level the findings reveal that the measures of institutional quality and peer environment were associated with lower levels of intergenerational mobility, while higher percentages of faculty and staff of color were associated with higher levels. At the individual level graduates grouped into meaningful classes based on socioeconomic indicators. These groupings were influenced by institutional quality one year after graduation but were only influenced by the institutions' intergenerational mobility rate both one and four years after graduation. Explanations for the results are offered as well as implications for policy and practice to consider how higher education can provide greater opportunity for mobility.
Download or read book Social Mobility in Europe written by Richard Breen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004-11-25 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Mobility in Europe is the most comprehensive study to date of trends in intergenerational social mobility. It uses data from 11 European countries covering the last 30 years of the twentieth century to analyze differences between countries and changes through time.The findings call into question several long-standing views about social mobility. We find a growing similarity between countries in their class structures and rates of absolute mobility: in other words, the countries of Europe are now more alike in their flows between class origins and destinations than they were thirty years ago. However, differences between countries in social fluidity (that is, the relative chances, between people of different class origins, of being found in given classdestinations) show no reduction and so there is no evidence supporting theories of modernization which predict such convergence. Our results also contradict the long-standing Featherman Jones Hauser hypothesis of a basic similarity in social fluidity in all industrial societies 'with a market economyand a nuclear family system'. There are considerable differences between countries like Israel and Sweden, where societal openness is very marked, and Italy, France, and Germany, where social fluidity rates are low. Similarly, there is a substantial difference between, for example, the Netherlands in the 1970s (which was quite closed) and in the 1990s, when it ranks among the most open societies.Mobility tables reflect many underlying processes and this makes it difficult to explain mobility and fluidity or to provide policy prescriptions. Nevertheless, those countries in which fluidity increased over the last decades of the twentieth century had not only succeeded in reducing class inequalities in educational attainment but had also restricted the degree to which, among people with the same level of education, class background affected their chances of gaining access to better classdestinations.
Download or read book Education and Intergenerational Social Mobility in Europe and the United States written by Richard Breen and published by Studies in Social Inequality. This book was released on 2020 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Paying for the Party written by Elizabeth A. Armstrong and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-08 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two young women, dormitory mates, embark on their education at a big state university. Five years later, one is earning a good salary at a prestigious accounting firm. With no loans to repay, she lives in a fashionable apartment with her fiancé. The other woman, saddled with burdensome debt and a low GPA, is still struggling to finish her degree in tourism. In an era of skyrocketing tuition and mounting concern over whether college is "worth it," Paying for the Party is an indispensable contribution to the dialogue assessing the state of American higher education. A powerful exposé of unmet obligations and misplaced priorities, it explains in vivid detail why so many leave college with so little to show for it. Drawing on findings from a five-year interview study, Elizabeth Armstrong and Laura Hamilton bring us to the campus of "MU," a flagship Midwestern public university, where we follow a group of women drawn into a culture of status seeking and sororities. Mapping different pathways available to MU students, the authors demonstrate that the most well-resourced and seductive route is a "party pathway" anchored in the Greek system and facilitated by the administration. This pathway exerts influence over the academic and social experiences of all students, and while it benefits the affluent and well-connected, Armstrong and Hamilton make clear how it seriously disadvantages the majority. Eye-opening and provocative, Paying for the Party reveals how outcomes can differ so dramatically for those whom universities enroll.
Download or read book Student Mobility Since the Expansion of Higher Education in China written by Liping Ma and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a nationally representative data set, this book examines the characteristics of Chinese college students’ mobility since the expansion of higher education. It analyses college graduates’ mobility in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. The horizontal dimension shows college students’ migration directions and location changes, including migration for college, migration for employment, migration for grassroots positions, migration away from the capital and migration back to their hometown. The vertical dimension includes students’ intergenerational occupational mobility and intergenerational regional mobility. Drawing on theories in education and economics, the book provides a solid framework for empirically analysing the characteristics, causes and economic and non-economic benefits of different forms of mobility. This book not only offers insights into China’s higher education policies and their impact on the regional and intergenerational mobility decisions of college graduates over the past two decades but also has important implications for other countries at similar stages of social and economic development. This book is an excellent read for students and scholars of education, economics and East Asian studies. It can also help policymakers understand the characteristics of students’ mobility and the underlying reasons for their choices, so that they can propose effective policies in the future.
Download or read book Un Equal Pathways to Higher Education written by Andrea Cuenca Hernández and published by Waxmann Verlag. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inequality of educational opportunities (IEO) is a recurring topic in both public debate and academic research. This book contributes to the contemporary discussion on IEO with a focus on individual trajectories over the life course. It provides empirical evidence on the magnitude and the mechanisms of IEO in Colombia, a country with extreme, persistent levels of social inequality. Using national administrative databases, the author examines the effect of social origin on academic and labor market outcomes among university graduates. Drawing on a comprehensive theoretical approach to stratification and higher education, this volume discusses how the interaction between family background and segmentation of educational institutions might influence individuals’ outcomes. As such, it will appeal to scholars, policy makers, and practitioners with interests in education, social inequality, social policy, higher education research, and international/comparative education.
Download or read book Intergenerational Mobility in Educational Attainment in Mexico written by Melissa Binder and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Student Mobility Since the Expansion of Higher Education in China written by Liping Ma and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a nationally representative data set, this book examines the characteristics of Chinese college students’ mobility since the expansion of higher education. It analyses college graduates’ mobility in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. The horizontal dimension shows college students’ migration directions and location changes, including migration for college, migration for employment, migration for grassroots positions, migration away from the capital and migration back to their hometown. The vertical dimension includes students’ intergenerational occupational mobility and intergenerational regional mobility. Drawing on theories in education and economics, the book provides a solid framework for empirically analysing the characteristics, causes and economic and non-economic benefits of different forms of mobility. This book not only offers insights into China’s higher education policies and their impact on the regional and intergenerational mobility decisions of college graduates over the past two decades but also has important implications for other countries at similar stages of social and economic development. This book is an excellent read for students and scholars of education, economics and East Asian studies. It can also help policymakers understand the characteristics of students’ mobility and the underlying reasons for their choices, so that they can propose effective policies in the future.
Download or read book Does Education Expansion Increase Intergenerational Mobility written by Hai Zhong and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education expansion may lead to 'over-education', where the social connections of parents may exert more significant influence on the return to education of children. With the assumption of a positive correlation between return on human capital and parental income in the presence of over-education, we show that: (i) the expansion of education may cause horizontal inequity in education opportunities and inefficiency in human capital accumulation; (ii) the positive correlation between return on human capital and parental income causes a more persistent intergenerational immobility; (iii) an expansion of education (especially higher education) leads to more persistent intergenerational immobility.
Download or read book The Asian American Achievement Paradox written by Jennifer Lee and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2015-06-30 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asian Americans are often stereotyped as the “model minority.” Their sizeable presence at elite universities and high household incomes have helped construct the narrative of Asian American “exceptionalism.” While many scholars and activists characterize this as a myth, pundits claim that Asian Americans’ educational attainment is the result of unique cultural values. In The Asian American Achievement Paradox, sociologists Jennifer Lee and Min Zhou offer a compelling account of the academic achievement of the children of Asian immigrants. Drawing on in-depth interviews with the adult children of Chinese immigrants and Vietnamese refugees and survey data, Lee and Zhou bridge sociology and social psychology to explain how immigration laws, institutions, and culture interact to foster high achievement among certain Asian American groups. For the Chinese and Vietnamese in Los Angeles, Lee and Zhou find that the educational attainment of the second generation is strikingly similar, despite the vastly different socioeconomic profiles of their immigrant parents. Because immigration policies after 1965 favor individuals with higher levels of education and professional skills, many Asian immigrants are highly educated when they arrive in the United States. They bring a specific “success frame,” which is strictly defined as earning a degree from an elite university and working in a high-status field. This success frame is reinforced in many local Asian communities, which make resources such as college preparation courses and tutoring available to group members, including their low-income members. While the success frame accounts for part of Asian Americans’ high rates of achievement, Lee and Zhou also find that institutions, such as public schools, are crucial in supporting the cycle of Asian American achievement. Teachers and guidance counselors, for example, who presume that Asian American students are smart, disciplined, and studious, provide them with extra help and steer them toward competitive academic programs. These institutional advantages, in turn, lead to better academic performance and outcomes among Asian American students. Yet the expectations of high achievement come with a cost: the notion of Asian American success creates an “achievement paradox” in which Asian Americans who do not fit the success frame feel like failures or racial outliers. While pundits ascribe Asian American success to the assumed superior traits intrinsic to Asian culture, Lee and Zhou show how historical, cultural, and institutional elements work together to confer advantages to specific populations. An insightful counter to notions of culture based on stereotypes, The Asian American Achievement Paradox offers a deft and nuanced understanding how and why certain immigrant groups succeed.
Download or read book Education Occupation and Social Origin written by Fabrizio Bernardi and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questioning the assumption that education is the ‘great social equalizer’, this book takes a comparative approach to the social origin–education–destination triangle by examining advantage in 14 different countries, including case studies from Europe, Israel, the USA, Russia and Japan. Contributions from leading experts examine the relation between family background, education and occupational achievement over time and across educational levels, focusing on the relationship between individuals’ social origins and their income and occupational outcomes. Providing new theoretical insights, this book eloquently analyzes a variety of barriers to social mobility. Using concepts of compensatory and boosting advantage to explain the intergenerational transmission of social inequality, it refutes the notion of contemporary societies as education-based and meritocratic, showing that in most of the countries studied there is no sign of decreasing intergenerational association, despite the expansion of education. With its multitude of pertinent case studies, Education, Occupation and Social Origin will be of interest to academics and students of social policy as well as those interested in social inequalities and their evolution over time. It will also be a useful reference for governmental policymakers in the wake of the current economic crisis.
Download or read book Access and Expansion Post Massification written by Ben Jongbloed and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection addresses the crucial issues emerging from the ongoing expansion of higher education, focusing on how national systems of higher education can respond further expand when traditional routes to have been largely exhausted.
Download or read book Changes in Inequality of Educational Opportunity written by Pia Nicoletta Blossfeld and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-24 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pia Nicoletta Blossfeld provides a long-term longitudinal analysis of the stepwise changes in transitions over the educational careers in East and West Germany using data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). She examines how far reforms aimed to increase the permeability in the German educational system have changed the movements of children, adolescents and young adults in Germany since the last four decades. Her book contributes to the literature of educational sociology by studying the associations between various resources of family background and respondent’s educational histories until final educational attainment. A novelty of her book is the analysis of the role of intercohort changes in social background composition on final educational attainment.
Download or read book Fair Progress written by Ambar Narayan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fair Progress? Economic Mobility across Generations around the World focuses on an issue that has gotten much attention in the developed world, but will present new data and analysis covering most of the world including developing economies. The analysis considers whether those born in poverty or in prosperity are destined to remain in the same economic circumstances into which they were born, and looks back over a half a century at whether children's lives are better or worse than their parents' in different parts of the world. It suggests local, national, and global actions and policies that can help break the cycle of poverty, paving the way for the next generation to realize their potential and improve their lives.
Download or read book Persistence Privilege and Parenting written by Timothy Smeeding and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans like to believe that theirs is the land of opportunity, but the hard facts are that children born into poor families in the United States tend to stay poor and children born into wealthy families generally stay rich. Other countries have shown more success at lessening the effects of inequality on mobility—possibly by making public investments in education, health, and family well-being that offset the private advantages of the wealthy. What can the United States learn from these other countries about how to provide children from disadvantaged backgrounds an equal chance in life? Making comparisons across ten countries, Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting brings together a team of eminent international scholars to examine why advantage and disadvantage persist across generations. The book sheds light on how the social and economic mobility of children differs within and across countries and the impact private family resources, public policies, and social institutions may have on mobility. In what ways do parents pass advantage or disadvantage on to their children? Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting is an expansive exploration of the relationship between parental socioeconomic status and background and the outcomes of their grown children. The authors also address the impact of education and parental financial assistance on mobility. Contributors Miles Corak, Lori Curtis, and Shelley Phipps look at how family economic background influences the outcomes of adult children in the United States and Canada. They find that, despite many cultural similarities between the two countries, Canada has three times the rate of intergenerational mobility as the United States—possibly because Canada makes more public investments in its labor market, health care, and family programs. Jo Blanden and her colleagues explore a number of factors affecting how advantage is transmitted between parents and children in the United States and the United Kingdom, including education, occupation, marriage, and health. They find that despite the two nations having similar rates of intergenerational mobility and social inequality, lack of educational opportunity plays a greater role in limiting U.S. mobility, while the United Kingdom’s deeply rooted social class structure makes it difficult for the disadvantaged to transcend their circumstances. Jane Waldfogel and Elizabeth Washbrook examine cognitive and behavioral school readiness across income groups and find that pre-school age children in both the United States and Britain show substantial income-related gaps in school readiness—driven in part by poorly developed parenting skills among overburdened, low-income families. The authors suggest that the most encouraging policies focus on both school and home interventions, including such measures as increases in federal funding for Head Start programs in the United States, raising pre-school staff qualifications in Britain, and parenting programs in both countries. A significant step forward in the study of intergenerational mobility, Persistence, Privilege, and Parenting demonstrates that the transmission of advantage or disadvantage from one generation to the next varies widely from country to country. This striking finding is a particular cause for concern in the United States, where the persistence of disadvantage remains stubbornly high. But, it provides a reason to hope that by better understanding mobility across the generations abroad, we can find ways to do better at home.
