Download or read book The Impact of Federal Funding on Small School Districts in the United States written by Harold Ray O'Neil and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Federal Funding on Small School Districts written by Dale E. Kaiser and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oversight Hearing on Effects of Cuts in Federal Funding on Small School Districts written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Federal Funding on Small Schools Districts written by Dale E. Kaiser and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oversight Hearing on Effects of Cuts in Federal Funding on Small School Districts written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Budget Impact on a Small School District written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the District of Columbia. Subcommittee on Judiciary and Education and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Funding Public Schools in the United States and Indian Country written by David C. Thompson and published by IAP. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Education Finance Academy (NEFA) has completed a project providing a one- of-a-kind practical book on funding P-12 education in the United States. The book, entitled Funding Public Schools in the United States and Indian Country is a single volume with a clear and short chapter about each state. Approximately 50% of chapters are authored by university faculty who are members of NEFA; approximately 25% of chapters are authored by state department of education officials and/or state school board association officials; and the remaining 25% of chapters are authored by ASBO affiliate states. Each chapter contains information about: • Each state’s aid formula background; • Basic support program description and operation (the state aid formula) including how school aid is apportioned (e.g., state appropriations, local tax contributions, cost share ratios, and more); • Supplemental funding options relating to how school districts raise funds attached to or above the regular state aid scheme; • Compensatory programs operated in school districts and how those are funded and aided; • Categorical programs operated in school districts and how those are funded and aided; • Any funding supports for transportation operations; • Any funding supports for physical facilities and operations; and • Other state aids not covered in the above list.
Download or read book The Fiscal Effects of School Choice Programs on Public School Districts National Research written by Benjamin Scafidi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, the author constructs the first ever estimates for each state and the District of Columbia of the short-run fixed costs of educating children in public schools. He endeavors to make cautious overestimates of these short-run fixed costs. The United States' average spending per student was $12,450 in 2008-09. The author estimates that 36 percent of these costs can be considered fixed costs in the short run. The remaining 64 percent, or $7,967 per student, are found to be variable costs, or costs that change with student enrollment. The implication of this finding is that a school choice program where less than $7,967 per student is redirected from a child's former public school to another school of his or her parents' choosing would actually improve the fiscal health of the average public school district. And, it would provide more resources for students who remain in public schools. New York has the highest estimate of short-run variable costs per student at $13,741 per student. Utah has the lowest, at $5,192 per student. The estimates of variable costs per student vary widely among states for two reasons. First, some states devote more taxpayer funding to public education. Second, some states spend much higher proportions of their education dollars on instruction (a variable cost) relative to other states. In the interest of creating an overestimate of fixed costs, this report treats the following as fixed costs in the short-run: expenditures on capital, interest, general administration, school administration, operations and maintenance, transportation, and "other" support services. The key question for this analysis is the following: If a significant number of students left a public school district for any reason from one year to the next, then is it feasible for the district to reduce some of its expenditures commensurate with the decrease in its student population? The answer that comes from analyzing the finances of large and small school districts that lost students is "yes." Both the large school districts and the small ones were able to reduce the combination of instructional and support expenses at a higher rate than the losses in students. Thus, these costs were variable, even in the short run. The rationale as to why a loss of students and the funding associated with those students could increase the performance of traditional public schools is twofold. First, a large number of empirical studies have found very large differences in teaching effectiveness across public school teachers. If public schools lose students and funding, they could choose to lay off the least effective teachers. The remaining students would be reassigned to more effective teachers, which would lead of a significant improvement in their academic achievement. Second, Chakrabarti (2007) has shown theoretically and empirically that when more money follows the child, the incentives are stronger for public school leaders to improve their schools. In Milwaukee, they did improve the public schools when there was an increase in the amount of money that followed voucher students to private schools. Appended are: (1) Definitions of Cost Categories in the Common Core of Data (CCD); and (2) Does Enhanced School Choice Cause Academic Harm to Students who Remain in Public Schools? (Contains 6 tables and 21 notes.).
Download or read book Schools People Money the Need for Educational Reform written by United States. President's Commission on School Finance and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book School Finance written by Eleanor L. Johnson and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-11 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State and Federal governments provided $146 billion for public elementary and secondary schools in school year 1994-95. Some of this revenue targeted poor students. This report examines state school finance policies, focusing on targeting to poor students and the funding gaps between districts with high and low proportions of poor students. Determines (1) the extent to which state and federal funding is targeted to districts on the basis of the number of poor students, and (2) the effect of state and federal funding on the amount of funds available to high-poverty compared with low-poverty districts. Also includes interviews with state and federal officials.
Download or read book Ten Thousand Democracies written by Michael B. Berkman and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the most extensive examination of democratic control of American public schools. Beginning with a look at educational reforms from the Progressive era in the late 19th and early 20th centuries through the civil rights movement and ending with Pennsylvania's 2004 tax relief measure, Berkman and Plutzer explore what factors determine education spending levels in school districts, including the effects of public opinion, the nature of local political institutions, and the roles played by special interests. The authors show how board members are selected, how well the boards represent minorities, whether the public can bypass the board through referenda, and how the schools are financed. By providing an innovative statistical portrait of the nations' 10,000 school districts, they answer questions central to democtratic control of our schools: how responsive are school boards to their public and when? How powerful are such special interests such as teachers' unions and senior citizens? Among their findings are the correlation of race, age, and home owner status with support for increased funding, that African Americans are more supportive than other races of educational spending, and that senior citizens with longstanding ties to their communities support school budgets. Their statistical method combining public opinion data with Census data is important and innovative, but the hard-core statistics are presented in appendices to make the text accessible to a wider audience.
Download or read book Financing Schools in Federally Affected Localities written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equity and Adequacy in Education Finance written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-12 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spending on K-12 education across the United States and across local school districts has long been characterized by great disparitiesâ€"disparities that reflect differences in property wealth and tax rates. For more than a quarter-century, reformers have attempted to reduce these differences through court challenges and legislative action. As part of a broad study of education finance, the committee commissioned eight papers examining the history and consequences of school finance reform undertaken in the name of equity and adequacy. This thought-provoking, timely collection of papers explores such topics as: What do the terms "equity" and "adequacy" in school finance really mean? How are these terms relevant to the politics and litigation of school finance reform? What is the impact of court-ordered school finance reform on spending disparities? How do school districts use money from finance reform? What policy options are available to states facing new challenges from court decisions mandating adequacy in school finance? When measuring adequacy, how do you consider differences in student needs and regional costs?
Download or read book Early Alert written by Ian E. McNett and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this compilation, five alumni of the Institute for Educational Leadership's Journalism Fellowship Program assess the impact of policies and conditions under the Reagan administration on state education in Washington, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Nebraska, and Texas. An introduction reviews the Reagan administration's education program and budget. A summary of the impacts found by the journalists notes that the poor, minorities, and large urban school districts were hardest hit but that other elementary, secondary, and higher education programs were affected. It also mentions the responses of states and state lobbyists. A brief discussion outlines some of the implications of the federal programs for education. The articles' authors and titles are as follows: Constantine Angelos in Washington, "'A Double Whammy' State and Federal Cutbacks"; David Bednarek in Wisconsin, "Federal Cuts Affect Urban Poor and Minorities"; Muriel Cohen in Massachusetts, "Local Funds Limited by Property Tax Lid"; Jack Kennedy in Nebraska, "State Unlikely to Make Up Federal Cuts"; and Dale Rice in Texas, "'Building a Cadillac on a Model T Budget.'" (RW)
Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1991-10 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Money Mandates and Local Control in American Public Education written by Bryan Shelly and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2011-07-08 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pointing to the disparities between wealthy and impoverished school districts in areas where revenue depends primarily upon local taxes, reformers repeatedly call for the centralization of school funding. Their proposals meet resistance from citizens, elected officials, and school administrators who fear the loss of local autonomy. Bryan Shelly finds, however, that local autonomy has already been compromised by federal and state governments, which exercise a tremendous amount of control over public education despite their small contribution to a school system's funding. This disproportionate relationship between funding and control allows state and federal officials to pass education policy yet excuses them from supplying adequate funding for new programs. The resulting unfunded and underfunded mandates and regulations, Shelly insists, are the true cause of the loss of community control over public education. Shelly outlines the effects of the most infamous of underfunded federal mandates, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), and explores why schools implemented it despite its unpopularity and out-of-pocket costs. Shelly's findings hold significant implications for school finance reform, NCLB, and the future of intergovernmental relations.
Download or read book Monthly Catalogue United States Public Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
