Download or read book The Impact of Body Composition on Physical Function Performance in Middle aged Women written by Ashley Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Function and Body Composition in Obese Women in a Clinical Weight Loss Program written by Sandy W. Combs (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity continues to be a problem to society, having a major impact on both public health and the economy. Impaired physical function and mobility impairments, although normally associated with older adults has been increasing in younger individuals, particularly in obese women, as obesity is the leading modifiable risk factor for poor functional performance. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the association of physical function assessments, which are used to objectively measure functional health, and body composition measures in young to middle aged obese women (range=24-57 years). A total of n=15 women were recruited, with an average BMI in the upper range of category II obesity (mean BMI=39.1±5.2). Body composition was measured (DXA) and 5 physical function and strength measures were obtained (gait speed, chair rise time, VO2[subscript peak], grip strength, and 1-RM leg press). Pearson product correlations among physical function tasks and body composition measures were examined. Gait speed was not significantly correlated with any body composition component or other physical function measures. Chair rise time was significantly and positively correlated with all body composition measures and negatively correlated with VO2[subscript peak] (r=-0.558, p=0.031). VO2[subscript peak] was significantly and negatively correlated with body fat mass assessments, but was not correlated with fat free mass. 1-repetition maximum leg press was significantly and negatively associated with fat mass (%)(r=-0.552, p=0.033) and was significantly and positively correlated with VO2[subscript peak] (r=0.680, p=0.005). Thus, it appears that increased fat mass was correlated with impaired physical function in most performance tasks, and having higher body fat free mass did not seem to improve function. These data contribute to the literature due to the use of DXA for body composition assessment, having multiple objective measures of physical function, and using a young to middle-age cohort of women.
Download or read book Relationship of Body Composition Strength and Asymmetry to Lower Extremity Physical Function in Women written by Mark Mathew Misic and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preserving independence in the aging population has become a public health priority; therefore, understanding factors that contribute to physical declines is critical. This study explored the relationships among body composition, strength, and lower extremity physical function (LEPF) in women varying in physical activity and age. Lower extremity asymmetries in strength and muscle mass and the relative contributions of intrinsic electrical, measured by electromyography (EMG), and mechanical, measured by mechanomyography (MMG), properties of muscle function were explored as possible determinants of declines in LEPF across the adult lifespan. One hundred four women were tested (mean +/- standard deviation; age 46.9 +/- 19.9 years, range = 20--83 years; body mass index = 23.9 +/- 4.00 kg/m2; body fat 30.6 +/- 6.9%; average daily steps 9891 +/- 4005). Body composition, including mineral free lean mass (MFLM), was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. LEPF was assessed using a 7-meter walk with and without an obstacle, an up-go speed/agility test, and a lower extremity reach test where the participant stood on one leg and reach maximally with the opposite leg in several directions. The results revealed that strength, MFLM, muscle quality, and physical activity declined; however, declines were often not significant until over 60 years of age. Body fatness increased with age. Age was the best predictor of LEPF overall; however, when age was controlled for, body fatness was the best predictor. When analyzing the data by age groups, the young women were less fat and LEPF was more strongly related to MFLM whereas the women over 40 years of age were fatter and LEPF was more closely related to fatness than MFLM. Leg asymmetries in composition or function explained a very small amount of the variability in LEPF. EMG did not differ significantly across the lifespan but MMG was significantly different among young, middle-aged, and older women. This study offers insights into the interactions between physical activity, body composition and LEPF in women across the adult lifespan to aid the design of appropriate interventions to preserve independence in late life.
Download or read book Body Composition and Cognitive Function in Older Adults written by Talia Loren Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study assessed the association between body mass and executive function and how it is influenced by an indicator of muscle integrity in a sample of community dwelling older adults. Research on the relationship between physical integrity and cognitive function in late life suggests physical frailty and sarcopenia are predictors of cognitive decline. While frailty is typically regarded as a state of wasting and shrinking, there have been criticisms of anthropometric measures of physical health for lack of specificity, and conflicting literature on the effect of BMI on cognition. These factors may represent limitations for the use of BMI in predicting cognitive and functional outcomes. The current study evaluated the extent a specific measure of muscle mass independently predicted executive function, and if it moderates the relationship between BMI and executive performance. Results revealed that in this sample neither BMI nor regional muscle mass index were related to cognitive performance. This result is consistent with some literature suggesting BMI is not a robust predictor of cognitive outcomes. Exploratory analyses revealed modest relationships between visual working memory and body composition measures. Results may imply weaker associations between certain physical health measures and cognitive performance in high-functioning samples. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Download or read book Body Composition and Physical Performance written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book surveys the entire field of body composition as it relates to performance. It includes a clear definition of terminology and a discussion of the various methods for measuring body composition. The authored papers represent a state-of-the-art review of this controversial field and address questions such as: What is a better measure of body compositionâ€"body fat or lean body mass? Does being overweight for one's height really affect performance? The book also addresses the issue of physical appearance as it relates to body fatness and performance. It includes an in-depth discussion of many of the topics of interest to those involved in sports medicine and exercise physiology.
Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Download or read book Anthropometry Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Human written by Maria del Mar Bibilonic and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data on nutritional status of human populations are periodically needed, as well as their relationships with anthropometry, body composition, body image and energy expenditure, and also with health lifestyle outcomes. All these parameters contribute jointly to give a complete knowledge on dietary and lifestyle habits, and hence how to proceed to improve it in order to enjoy an optimal healthy status. So, you are kindly invited to submit proposals for manuscripts that fit the objectives and the topics of this Nutrients Special issue.The aim of this proposed Nutrients Special Issue on "Anthropometry, Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Humans" is to publish selected papers detailing specific aspects of anthropometric, body composition and energy expenditure data in human populations and their relationships with nutritional status, as well as nutritional surveys and trials that examine measured differences or changes in these parameters are also cordially invited.
Download or read book The Influence of Body Composition and Physical Activity on Inflamm aging Fatigue and Function in Older Adults written by Rudy J. Valentine and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persistent feelings of fatigue are a widespread complaint reported by older adults, and are associated with detriments in health and quality of life. Aging is also accompanied by gains in adiposity, reductions in physical activity, and loss of lean mass and physical function. This study assessed the influences of body composition [adiposity (%Fat) and mineral-free lean mass (MFLM)] and physical activity (total and moderate-to-vigorous; MVPA) on fatigue and function in older adults. Furthermore, we sought to determine the mediating role of systemic inflammation on these health outcomes. One-hundred eighty-two community-dwelling older adults were recruited to participate in this study (age = 69.2±6.7 years, 98 men, 84 women) Body composition [adiposity (%Fat) and relative muscle mass (Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI); appendicular MFLM/ht2] was quantified via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical activity (PA) was assessed by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and accelerometers were worn to determine total and MVPA. Fasting blood samples were obtained for measurement of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and WBC count. Fatigue was assessed by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), to determine levels of general, physical and mental fatigue as well as reduced activity and motivation. Lower-extremity physical function (LEPF) was evaluated by 7-m walk tests, a Timed Up and Go (Up & Go), a 30-second chair stand test (30-Chair), a 6-min walk, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the Star-Excursion Balance Test (STAR). It was hypothesized that 1) women would report higher levels of fatigue and have poorer performance of physical function than men, 2) adiposity would be an independent predictor of fatigue and LEPF, 3) PA would be inversely related to fatigue and positively with LEPF, and 4) inflammation would be positively associated with fatigue. Understanding the biological and behavioral influences on fatigue and function is imperative for combating health detriments in older adults. Men and women reported similar levels of fatigue in all dimensions (p> 0.05) with the exception of women reporting higher levels of mental fatigue than men (p = 0.05). Adiposity was positively correlated with several measures of fatigue (r range = 0.20 to 0.42), whereas PA was inversely associated with the same measures of fatigue (r range = 0.18 to 0.37), both of which were not related to mental fatigue. CRP, IL-6 and WBC were also related to several dimensions of fatigue (r range = 0.15 to 0.26). Compared across PA-adiposity groups, in the absence of an interaction, there was a main effect of PA and adiposity on general and physical fatigue (p
Download or read book Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Body Composition and Aging written by C. V. Mobbs and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased adiposity and decreased muscle mass contribute substantially to age-dependent disease and disability. In particular age-related increase in adiposity is quickly becoming a major threat to public health throughout the world. Although the hypothesis that age-related changes in body composition are due to lifestyle choices alone is well accepted, it is a vast oversimplification. This volume reflects the current knowledge in this rapidly developing field of research. The first part of the book discusses the extent to which increased adiposity contributes to age-related diseases and longevity. The 'obesity paradox', describing the protective role of overweight in decreasing mortality while increasing pathology, is covered in depth. Further chapters address specific aspects of the regulation of energy balance during aging, including the effects of changes in food intake. Finally the causes and consequences of loss of muscle mass and age-related osteoporosis are examined. A valuable help for physicians treating elderly patients, this book will also be of great interest to researchers studying energy balance, muscle physiology, bone disease, and other aspects of aging.
Download or read book Dietary Protein for Performance Health and Disease Management written by Leigh Breen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-31 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Aging Differently written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Whole Body Vibrations written by Redha Taiar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whole Body Vibrations: Physical and Biological Effects on the Human Body allows an understanding about the qualities and disadvantages of vibration exposure on the human body with a biomechanical and medical perspective. It offers a comprehensive range of principles, methods, techniques and tools to provide the reader with a clear knowledge of the impact of vibration on human tissues and physiological processes. The text considers physical, mechanical and biomechanical aspects and it is illustrated by key application domains such as sports and medicine. Consisting of 11 chapters in total, the first three chapters provide useful tools for measuring, generating, simulating and processing vibration signals. The following seven chapters are applications in different fields of expertise, from performance to health, with localized or global effects. Since unfortunately there are undesirable effects from the exposure to mechanical vibrations, a final chapter is dedicated to this issue. Engineers, researchers and students from biomedical engineering and health sciences, as well as industrial professionals can profit from this compendium of knowledge about mechanical vibration applied to the human body. Provides biomechanical and medical perspectives to understanding the qualities and disadvantages of vibration exposure on the human body Offers a range of principles, methods, techniques, and tools to evaluate the impact of vibration on human tissues and physiological processes Explores mechanical vibration techniques used to improve human performance Discusses the strong association between health and human well-being Explores physical, mechanical, and biomechanical aspects of vibration exposure in domains such as sports and medicine
Download or read book Journal of Rehabilitation R D written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dietary Protein and Muscle in Aging People written by Matteo Cesari and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Dietary Protein and Muscle in Aging People" that was published in Nutrients
Download or read book The Women s Health and Aging Study written by Jack M. Guralnik and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996-07 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed to help in the understanding of the causes & course of disability in older women. Offers an excellent overview of diseases & disability & their impact on older women. Covers: adaptation to disability, physical performance measures, the daily lives of disabled older women, utilization of health services, mental health & general well-being, pulmonary diseases & conditions, musculoskeletal disease, neurological conditions, vision & hearing, medication use, instrumental & emotional support, adaptation to disability, & much more.
