Download or read book The Hydrological Fate of Nutrients and Pesticides in the Urban Landscape in Response to Management and Lawn Species written by Mark Ryan Slavens and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The applications of fertilizers and pesticides to home lawns may contribute to the deterioration of ground and surface water quality. Loss of nutrients and pesticides to ground and surface water can be detrimental for human consumption, reduce recreational usage, and negatively impact aquatic organisms. A field study was initiated to examine the effect fertilizer and pesticide applications can have on the concentrations and mass loss of nutrients and pesticides in leachate and runoff. Studies were arranged on a slope of 13-15% of Arkport Sandy Loam soil (coarseloamy, mixed, active, mesic Lamellic Hapludalf) through establishing Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sod, or mixtures of Kentucky bluegrass sod and traditional weedy species (Taraxacum officinale, Trifolium repens, Plantago major, and Digitaria ischaemum) found in the Northeast of the U.S. Runoff and leachate collected from natural precipitation events were analyzed for nitrate (NO3--N), ammonium (NH4+-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), phosphate (PO43--P), total Kjeldahl phosphorus (TKP), and applied pesticides. Nitrate contributions in leachate reflected the overall largest potential loss from the landscape. Differences were observed among lawn types for NO3--N loss; however significant losses were seen from lawn types regardless of the application of supplemental fertilizer. Ammonium and PO43--P losses in runoff were significantly higher for the fertilized turfgrass plots compared to non-fertilized lawn types. Although differences in nutrient losses occurred from lawn types, less than 2% of total applied N was lost in leachate and less than 1% and 0.5% of N and P applied were lost in runoff respectively. Pesticide applications could pose a risk to water quality, but the risk to off-site surface water contamination appears to be much more prevalent. Over-time, levels of pesticides in runoff were reduced; however during establishment, concentrations of 2,4-D and Mecoprop were greater than 2800 and 1600 [mu]g L-1, respectively, which could negatively impact aquatic organisms. Overall, differences in nutrient loading existed, but the ability of turfgrass to reduce runoff volumes and utilize applied nutrients appeared significant. The percent of nutrients contributed by fertilizer applications to ground and surface water was minimal and may not pose a significant environmental concern.
Download or read book The Fate of Nutrients and Pesticides in the Urban Environment written by Mary T. Nett and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management practices affecting nitrogen and soluble phosphorus losses from an upper Midwest lawn -- Determining nitrogen loading rates based on land use in an urban watershed -- Determining phosphorus loading rates based on land use in an urban watershed -- Nitrogen fate in a mature Kentucky bluegrass turf -- Discharge losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from a golf course watershed -- The effects of soil phosphorus and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on phosphorus runoff losses from turfgrass -- Influence of landscape and percolation on P and K losses over four years -- Management practices that reduce runoff transport of nutrients and pesticides from turfgrass -- Sediment and nutrient losses from prairie and turfgrass buffer strips during establishment -- Evaluation of resource-efficient landscape systems to reduce contaminants in urban runoff -- Thatch pesticide sorption -- Regional analysis of pesticide runoff from turf -- Mobility and dissipation of clopyralid herbicide in turfgrass field lysimeters -- Glyphosate runoff when applied to zoysiagrass under golf course fairway conditions.
Download or read book Turfgrass Science and Culture written by James B Beard and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1972 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A classic and best-selling text for sod and turfgrass courses covering lawnkeeping and athletic groundskeeping.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983-07 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Seasonal Environmental Variations on 2 4 D Fate and Metabolism in Urban Landscapes written by Amarilys Enid Gonzalez Vazquez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most commonly used herbicides on urban landscapes in the U.S. Although 2,4-D fate and breakdown have been well documented, interactions with the entire soil microbiome and simultaneous assessments of its transformation products (TPs) in urban soils remain poorly understood. Microorganisms, namely bacteria, are the primary drivers of pesticide transformation in the soil. Seasonal environmental variations are key factors that directly influence soil bacterial community structure and function, which may alter pesticide degradation networks resulting in the formation of TPs. This dissertation aimed to assess how varying seasonal conditions influenced the soil bacterial community, ultimately resulting in the degradation of 2,4-D and potential formation of its major TP, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Chapter 2 showed that 2,4-D was actively being degraded in urban soils at varying seasonal conditions, resulting in the formation of 2,4-DCP. Chapter 3 assessed shifts in the soil bacterial community at spring and summer conditions and how this influenced 2,4-D degradation. Overall, results from Chapter 3 tied with Chapter 2 suggest that bacteria shifted at varying seasonal conditions and were mainly involved in the degradation of 2,4-D in urban soils. In Chapter 4, the results suggest that 2,4-D breakdown activity in soil changes at different seasonal conditions, potentially resulting in TP formation in urban landscapes. However, a major finding in this study was that previously published PCR primers targeting the different gene classes resulted in non-specific amplification, leading to false-positive detection in soil samples. Chapter 5, a side study conducted in 2016, showed that translocation of the fungicide, propiconazole, was primarily limited to the lowest segment of the plant regardless of temperature or time following application. Together, results from this dissertation found that, indeed, negative impacts of pesticides do not end at the point of application. Seasonal environmental variations can shift the soil bacterial community, thus leading to the formation of 2,4-D's main TP, 2,4-DCP, in urban landscapes. which can behave differently in the environment. Altogether, all four chapters provide important information on the application of pesticides in turfgrass landscapes at varying seasonal conditions and their effect on non-target organisms. Ultimately, these findings will ensure better intensive plant and pest management strategies that provide landscapes of high quality with fewer non-target impacts on environmental and human health and enhance our overall understanding of pesticide fate and behavior.
Download or read book Effects of urban development on stream ecosystems in nine metropolitan study areas across the United States written by James F. Coles and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fate of Nutrients and Minimising Pesticides in the Riverine Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Redesigning the American Lawn written by F. Herbert Bormann and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition, which is being reissued in a more artistic format and with many additional illustrations, updates the original text and adds a chapter showing what progress has been made in the ecological management of landscapes over the past decade."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Watershed Hydrology written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Urban Runoff Management written by Earl Shaver and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Watershed Protection Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Reuse for Irrigation written by Valentina Lazarova and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-28 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compilation provides guidelines that facilitate the successful planning and operation of water reuse projects. Offering the information, analysis and proven experience for agricultural and landscape irrigation, it bridges the gap between fundamental science and relatively uncharted areas of economic, institutional and liability issues. It delivers a synthesis of information recently emerging in both science and in the practice of irrigation with reclaimed water. The book compiles guidelines, recommendations and codes of best practices from around the world for all types of recycled water uses, and it examines recent concerns about adverse effects on plants, groundwater and public health.
Download or read book Urban Stormwater Management in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.
Download or read book A New Garden Ethic written by Benjamin Vogt and published by New Society Publishers. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a time of climate change and mass extinction, how we garden matters more than ever: “An outstanding and deeply passionate book.” —Marc Bekoff, author of The Emotional Lives of Animals Plenty of books tell home gardeners and professional landscape designers how to garden sustainably, what plants to use, and what resources to explore. Yet few examine why our urban wildlife gardens matter so much—not just for ourselves, but for the larger human and animal communities. Our landscapes push aside wildlife and in turn diminish our genetically programmed love for wildness. How can we get ourselves back into balance through gardens, to speak life's language and learn from other species? Benjamin Vogt addresses why we need a new garden ethic, and why we urgently need wildness in our daily lives—lives sequestered in buildings surrounded by monocultures of lawn and concrete that significantly harm our physical and mental health. He examines the psychological issues around climate change and mass extinction as a way to understand how we are short-circuiting our response to global crises, especially by not growing native plants in our gardens. Simply put, environmentalism is not political; it's social justice for all species marginalized today and for those facing extinction tomorrow. By thinking deeply and honestly about our built landscapes, we can create a compassionate activism that connects us more profoundly to nature and to one another.
Download or read book Managing California s Water written by Ellen Hanak and published by Public Policy Instit. of CA. This book was released on 2011 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.
