Download or read book The Hip Bone s Connected to the Orthopaedic Implant written by Jordan Raphel and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A vast array of implants are employed clinically to interface directly with living bone. These implants include orthopaedic prostheses, such as artificial hip and knee replacements, orthopaedic bone screws, and dental implants and are commonly made from titanium and its alloys. Over one million joint replacements and screws are implanted each year in the United States. In order for these implants to function successfully, they require strong osseointegration, the stable and functional connection between the implant and bone. Unfortunately, approximately 10% of implants fail prematurely, and many of these failures are due to poor osseointegration leading to implant loosening. Failures also occur due to microbial infection, which can be severely debilitating to the patient and may necessitate the removal of the implant. Approximately 1-3% of implants become infected, creating a large burden for the patients and the healthcare system. In this work, a versatile coating technology for bone-interfacing implants is developed to improve implant osseointegration and to provide defense from microbial infection. The coatings are derived from an engineered, elastin-like protein (ELP) that is recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. The ELP contains functional domains from two natural extracellular matrix proteins - elastin and fibronectin - to confer specific mechanical and biochemical properties, respectively. The elastin-like domain provides mechanical toughness and resiliency, while the fibronectin-derived RGD domain is cell-adhesive. Thin-film coatings made from ELP can be processed by a variety of methods to coat implants of any shape or size. To stabilize the coatings and adhere them to implant surfaces, a novel covalent crosslinking strategy is employed. Lysine residues are strategically substituted into the elastin-like domains to provide sites for chemical modification of the ELP through the primary amines present on the lysine side chains. A photoactive heterobifunctional crosslinker, NHS-diazirine, is conjugated through these primary amines, rendering the ELP photocrosslinkable upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. The activated diazirine moiety interposes into neighboring bonds, leading to a covalently crosslinked ELP hydrogel. Furthermore, the diazirine can also covalently conjugate to common implant materials through the same UV-mediated mechanism, thereby creating a stable ELP thin-film coating with strong adhesion to implants. Good osseointegration of implants reduces the chance of aseptic loosening while poor osseointegration allows for micromotion of the implant relative to the bone, causing wear, inflammation, and implant loosening. By encouraging new bone deposition on the implant surface, osseointegration can be improved by stabilizing the bone-implant interface. The ELP coatings are able to enhance osseointegration by interacting with native osteogenic cells, including osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through the RGD ligand. The presence of the ligand facilitates rapid cell adhesion, and the ELP coatings demonstrate the ability to improve osteogenic differentiation and bone mineral deposition in vitro, key steps for new bone formation and improved osseointegration. The coatings also improve osseointegration markers in vivo. Microbial infection is another leading cause of implant failure. Bacteria readily adhere to implant surfaces and form biofilms resistant to systemic antibiotic treatments, necessitating alternative strategies to prevent and treat implant-site infections. The antimicrobial properties of silver have long been known, and here it is employed as a localized defense against infection by incorporating silver chloride nanoparticles into the ELP coatings. These antimicrobial coatings rapidly kill over 95% of Staphylococcus aureus, the most common implant pathogen. The achievements presented in this work demonstrate significant advancements for implant coating technologies and have strong potential for clinical translation to improve implant function, lifetime, and efficacy.
Download or read book Wear of Orthopaedic Implants and Artificial Joints written by Saverio Affatato and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although hip, knee and other orthopaedic implants are well-established prostheses, much remains to be understood about how these implants wear in use. This important book summarises the wealth of recent research in this area and its implications for implant and joint design. After an introductory overview, the book reviews the causes and prevention of implant wear. Part one discusses fundamental issues such as tissue response to wear, the anatomy and biomechanics of hips and knees as well as the materials and design issues they raise for hip, knee and other types of orthopaedic implant. Part two considers wear phenomena in a range of materials, including ultra-high molecular weight (UHMWPE), metal and ceramic joints. It also covers surgical and other factors influencing wear as well as ways of detecting, analysing and predicting implant wear and failure. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Wear of orthopaedic implants and artificial joints is a standard reference for implant manufacturers, surgeons and those researching this important area. Summarises the wealth of recent research into the wear of orthopaedic implants and artificial joints and discusses the implications for implant and joint design Reviews the causes and prevention of implant wear, tissue response to wear, the anatomy and biomechanics of hips and knees and the materials and design issues they raise for orthopaedic implants Considers wear phenomena in a range of materials, including ultra-high molecular weight (UHMWPE), metal and ceramic joints
Download or read book Bone Implant Interface in Orthopedic Surgery written by Theofilos Karachalios and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Total joint arthroplasty is an effective surgical procedure for end-stage osteoarthritis of major joints with satisfactory long term clinical outcome. A large and growing number of arthroplasties are performed annually worldwide and a great number of orthopaedic surgeons are practicing arthroplasty surgery as their main surgical activity. The biological behavior of the bone-implant interface is crucial for the long term survival of the artificial joint. All factors which have a positive or negative effect on the interface are of great interest for those practicing arthroplasty surgery. Basic scientists and the industry are continuously searching for new implant fixation mechanisms and improved materials. There is an accumulation of a great amount of basic science data (both biological, material and mechanical) related to the incorporation or loosening of the bone-implant interface. However, basic science data does not always translate to satisfactory clinical application, and orthopaedic practitioners often wonder which piece of information is clinically useful. A further problem is that basic scientists often speak their own scientific language and may not fully appreciate common clinical practice needs. In this textbook the biological and mechanical mechanisms of implant incorporation and loosening will be presented. All new data concerning materials and methods for incorporation enhancement will be critically analyzed. Data useful for clinical application will be stressed. Orthopaedic Surgeons will find information which will improve their clinical practice and basic scientists will be helped to understand and appreciate clinical needs.
Download or read book Vanishing Bone written by William H. Harris and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vanishing Bone unravels the mystery of a totally novel disease which causes the massive destruction of bone in individuals with total hip implants. Although initially considered 'rare, ' at its peak the disease affected over a million patients. This book takes readers through a detective adventure in contemporary medical science, identifying the cause of the disease the body's reaction to tiny wear particles from the prostheses, followed by the complex process of affecting its cure, the invention of a unique, wear-resistant plastic.
Download or read book Personalized Hip and Knee Joint Replacement written by Charles Rivière and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes and illustrates the surgical techniques, implants, and technologies used for the purpose of personalized implantation of hip and knee components. This new and flourishing treatment philosophy offers important benefits over conventional systematic techniques, including component positioning appropriate to individual anatomy, improved surgical reproducibility and prosthetic performance, and a reduction in complications. The techniques described in the book aim to reproduce patients’ native anatomy and physiological joint laxity, thereby improving the prosthetic hip/knee kinematics and functional outcomes in the quest of the forgotten joint. They include kinematically aligned total knee/total hip arthroplasty, partial knee replacement, and hip resurfacing. The relevance of available and emerging technological tools for these personalized approaches is also explained, with coverage of, for example, robotics, computer-assisted surgery, and augmented reality. Contributions from surgeons who are considered world leaders in diverse fields of this novel surgical philosophy make this open access book will invaluable to a wide readership, from trainees at all levels to consultants practicing lower limb surgery
Download or read book Periprosthetic Fractures of the Hip and Knee written by Frank A. Liporace and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date, comprehensive yet concise guide for orthopedic surgeons covers the salient points of anatomy and operative approaches for the management of periprosthetic fractures of the hip and knee: breaks in bone that occur around the components or implants of a total joint replacement. The opening chapter focuses on the general considerations and work-up of these injuries, including epidemiology, classification, anatomy, and knowledge of the biomechanics and biology behind the treatments. The subsequent sections then discuss the hip and knee, respectively, and are case-based. These describe management strategies for the particular periprosthetic fracture with either a stable or a loose prosthesis as well as associated complications, including fractures of the acetabulum, the greater trochanter and proximal femur, distal femur, tibia, and interprosthetic and interimplant fractures. Written by experts in the field and replete with plentiful, practical tips and tricks, Periprosthetic Fractures of the Hip and Knee is a valuable resource for orthopedic and trauma surgeons, residents and fellows.
Download or read book Mandell Douglas and Bennett s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases written by John E. Bennett, MD, MACP and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-08-28 with total page 5094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After thirty five years, Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th Edition is still the reference of choice for comprehensive, global guidance on diagnosing and treating the most challenging infectious diseases. Drs. John E. Bennett and Raphael Dolin along with new editorial team member Dr. Martin Blaser have meticulously updated this latest edition to save you time and to ensure you have the latest clinical and scientific knowledge at your fingertips. With new chapters, expanded and updated coverage, increased worldwide perspectives, and many new contributors, Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th Edition helps you identify and treat whatever infectious disease you see. Get the answers to questions you have with more in-depth coverage of epidemiology, etiology, pathology, microbiology, immunology, and treatment of infectious agents than you'll find in any other infectious disease resource. Find the latest diagnoses and treatments for currently recognized and newly emerging infectious diseases, such as those caused by avian and swine influenza viruses. Put the latest knowledge to work in your practice with new or completely revised chapters on influenza (new pandemic strains); new Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus; probiotics; antibiotics for resistant bacteria; antifungal drugs; new antivirals for hepatitis B and C; Clostridium difficile treatment; sepsis; advances in HIV prevention and treatment; viral gastroenteritis; Lyme disease; Helicobacter pylori; malaria; infections in immunocompromised hosts; immunization (new vaccines and new recommendations); and microbiome. Benefit from fresh perspectives and global insights from an expanded team of international contributors. Find and grasp the information you need easily and rapidly with newly added chapter summaries. These bulleted templates include diagnosis, therapy, and prevention and are designed as a quick summary of the chapter and to enhance relevancy in search and retrieval on Expert Consult. Stay current on Expert Consult with a thorough and regularly scheduled update program that ensures access to new developments in the field, advances in therapy, and timely information. Access the information you need easily and rapidly with new succinct chapter summaries that include diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. Experience clinical scenarios with vivid clarity through a richly illustrated, full-color format that includes 1500 photographs for enhanced visual guidance.
Download or read book Osseoconductive Surface Engineering for Orthopedic Implants written by Amirhossein Goharian and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osseoconductive Surface Engineering for Orthopedic Implants provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of osseointegration based on surface-mediated engineering. It offers a practical approach to the design and development of implant surface engineering, by reviewing and discussing the usability and efficacy of each processing technique. The reader can learn about the variety, characteristics, advantages, challenges, and optimum parameters for each process—enabling targeted selection of coatings and technologies to enhance long-term implant–bone integration. Practical and engineering notions in the field of osseoconductive surface engineering are reviewed and discussed using scientific principles and concepts. Engineering cases are analyzed in depth giving a thorough exploration and description of the engineering and scientific concepts for all osseoconductive surface engineering processes. Chapters integrate topics and are organised in such a way as to build on themes and practice.
Download or read book Hip Biomechanics written by Shinichi Imura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the arranged monograph based on the Hip Biomechanics Symposium held on November 1992 in Fukui, Japan. It consists of six major sections: loading, gait analysis, total hip arthroplasty, osteotomies, motion analysis, and stem designs for stability. The most important aim of the volume is to overview the current research outcomes in the biomechanical approaches to adult hip diseases. Each of these sections brings together many of the leading researchers in this field. The information found here will be of benefit to orthopedic surgeons and researchers in the related areas.
Download or read book Postgraduate Orthopaedics written by Paul A. Banaszkiewicz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-16 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The must-have book for candidates preparing for the oral component of the FRCS (Tr and Orth).
Download or read book Mandell Douglas and Bennett s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases E Book written by John E. Bennett and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-09-02 with total page 5094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After thirty five years, Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th Edition is still the reference of choice for comprehensive, global guidance on diagnosing and treating the most challenging infectious diseases. Drs. John E. Bennett and Raphael Dolin along with new editorial team member Dr. Martin Blaser have meticulously updated this latest edition to save you time and to ensure you have the latest clinical and scientific knowledge at your fingertips. With new chapters, expanded and updated coverage, increased worldwide perspectives, and many new contributors, Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th Edition helps you identify and treat whatever infectious disease you see. Get the answers to any questions you have with more in-depth coverage of epidemiology, etiology, pathology, microbiology, immunology, and treatment of infectious agents than you’ll find in any other ID resource. Apply the latest knowledge with updated diagnoses and treatments for currently recognized and newly emerging infectious diseases, such as those caused by avian and swine influenza viruses. Put the latest knowledge to work in your practice with new or completely revised chapters on Influenza (new pandemic strains); New Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Virus; Probiotics; Antibiotics for resistant bacteria; Antifungal drugs; New Antivirals for hepatitis B and C; Clostridium difficile treatment; Sepsis; Advances in HIV prevention and treatment; Viral gastroenteritis; Lyme Disease; Helicobacter pylori; Malaria; Infections in immunocompromised hosts; Immunization (new vaccines and new recommendations); and Microbiome. Benefit from fresh perspectives and expanded global insights from an expanded team of American and International contributors. Martin Blaser, MD, a leading expert and Muriel G. and George W. Singer Professional of Translational Medicine at New York University School of Medicine, joins veteran PPID editors John E. Bennett, MD, and Raphael Dolin, MD to continue a legacy of excellence. Find and grasp the information you need easily and rapidly with newly added chapter summaries.
Download or read book A Modern Approach to Biofilm Related Orthopaedic Implant Infections written by Lorenzo Drago and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-16 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI), which remains one of the most common problems necessitating revision arthroplasty. It pursues a multidisciplinary approach, bringing together opinions from the leading experts in the field. The book identifies the potential causes of these infections, provides sound diagnostic criteria guidelines, and explains how these prosthetic infections are managed from orthopedic surgery, clinical and diagnostic perspectives. PJI can lead to multiple revision surgeries and significant patient morbidity. Periprosthetic infection rates remain around 1–2% after primary total hip and knee arthroplasty and account for approximately 7–12% of all revision cases. Orthopedic hardware infections are much-feared and costly complications that can occur when these devices are implemented both in traumatic cases as well as in joint replacement surgery. Because these infections can lead to higher morbidity, it is important to understand their pathophysiology and the principles behind their diagnosis and initial treatment. The pathogenesis of these kinds of infections is intimately connected to the biofilm-producing trait characteristic of many microorganisms, which can have a critical effect on the likely success of treatments. The book offers a unique guide for all scientists working in arthroplasty who are seeking an update on the field, and for newcomers alike.
Download or read book Interactions of Bone with Orthopedic Implants and Possible Failures written by Amirhossein Goharian and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-07-20 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions of Bone with Orthopedic Implants and Possible Failures focuses on the mechanical and biological issues that may cause failure of the implant-bone construct. The book provides discussions on the effects of the design, process, surface and other engineering parameters of implants and their interaction with bone tissue. For implant designers, it is highly crucial to know the final effects of what they are designing or aiming to design, along with performance parameters. It is also crucial for orthopedic surgeons to be familiar with the background of the design and process parameters of the implant they will insert in a patient’s body. With the understanding brought forth in this book, surgeons can have better implant options and implant designers can create and develop new implant designs. This book can also help biomechanical and mechanical engineers who are normally dealing with testing and analysis of orthopedic implants examine the biomechanical behavior of the implants and their interaction with bone tissue. Explains interactions, along with possible complications of trauma, joint and spinal implants, and failures of the implant and bone tissue Focuses on issues such as bone loss, defects and resorption at the bone and implant interface Includes case studies of implant failures and discusses the mechanical and biological reasons that would cause failure of bone and implant integration
Download or read book Aseptic Loosening of Orthopedic Implants written by Mehdi Amirhosseini and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-05-24 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aseptic loosening is the main cause of failure of orthopedic prostheses. With no pharmaceuticals to prevent or mitigate periprosthetic bone degradation, a surgery to replace the loose implant with a new one is the only choice to restore patients’ function. Most studies on mechanisms for aseptic loosening investigate wear debris particle-induced osteolysis. However, pathological loading conditions around unstable implants can also trigger osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. In the first study, global gene expression changes induced by mechanical instability of implants, and by titanium particles were compared in a validated rat model for aseptic loosening. Microarray analysis showed that similar signaling pathways and gene expression patterns are involved in particle- and instability-induced periprosthetic osteolysis with an early onset innate immune response as a hallmark of osteolysis induced by mechanical instability. Further, effects of potential therapeutics on restriction of excessive osteoclast differentiation were evaluated. Wnt signaling pathway is known to regulate bone remodeling. In the second study, effects of inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3?), a negative regulator of canonical Wnt signaling, on instability-induced periprosthetic osteolysis were examined using our rat model for aseptic loosening. Inhibition of GSK-3? led to a decrease in osteoclast numbers in the periprosthetic bone tissue exposed to mechanical instability while osteoblast perimeter showed an increase. This was accompanied by higher bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in animals treated with the GSK-3? inhibitor. In the third study, potential beneficial effects of two selective inhibitors of cyclindependent kinase 8/19 (CDK8/19) on bone tissue were evaluated. CDK8/19 is a Mediator complex-associated transcriptional regulator involved in several signaling pathways. CDK8/19 inhibitors, mainly under investigation as treatments for tumors, are reported to enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. We show in this study, for the first time, that inhibition of CDK8/19 led to marked suppression of osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow macrophages in vitro through disruption of the RANK signaling. In mouse primary osteoblasts downregulation of osteopontin mRNA, a negative regulator of mineralization, together with increased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition indicated that osteoblast mineralization was promoted by CDK8/19 inhibition. Moreover, local administration of a CDK8/19 inhibitor promoted cancellous bone regeneration in a rat model for bone healing. These studies contribute to better understanding of mechanisms behind mechanical instability-induced periprosthetic osteolysis and propose potential therapeutics to restrict bone loss with effects on both osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
Download or read book The Young Adult Hip in Sport written by Fares S. Haddad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-03 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the problems seen in the adult hip in sport including pre arthritic inflammatory, non inflammatory, and degenerative causes of hip pain. It particularly focuses on our rapidly evolving understanding and treatment of joint preserving surgery. In this book experts in the field discuss the anatomy, diagnosis, investigation and pathophysiology of young adult hip disease with a particular focus on the sporting population. Sports Medicine is now a specialty in its own right. Worldwide, hip and groin pain in elite sport is an unresolved issue . This is an area that has expanded dramatically in the last 5 years and hip arthroscopy as a procedure has arrived in a big way with numbers increasing exponentially and the inception of the ISHA (International Society for Hip Arthroscopy).
Download or read book Orthopedic Biomaterials written by Bingyun Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-17 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the latest progress in the biology and manufacturing of orthopedic biomaterials, as well as key industry perspectives. Topics covered include the development of biomaterial-based medical products for orthopedic applications, anti-infection technologies for orthopedic implants, additive manufacturing of orthopedic implants, and more. This is an ideal book for graduate students, researchers and professionals working with orthopedic biomaterials and tissue engineering. This book also: Provides an industry perspective on technologies to prevent orthopedic implant related infection Thoroughly covers how to modulate innate inflammatory reactions in the application of orthopedic biomaterials Details the state-of-the-art research on 3D printed porous bone constructs
Download or read book The Adult Hip written by John J. Callaghan and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2007 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its Second Edition, this two-volume reference is the only current book available that focuses on the adult hip. More than 100 chapters by the foremost leaders in hip surgery provide comprehensive coverage of disorders of the adult hip—from practical basic science to detailed surgical techniques including hip arthroscopy and developing techniques in minimally invasive surgery. More than 2,600 illustrations complement the text. This edition has new chapters on minimally invasive surgery of the hip. Other new topics covered include use of fiber metal mesh in acetabular revision reconstruction, revision press-fit Wagner type of stems, and implant retrievals.
