Download or read book The Grammatical Structures of English and German written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The grammatical Structures of English and German written by Herbert Leopold Kufner and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Basic Structural Differences Within a Linguistic Comparison of English and German Grammar written by Theresa Schmidt and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Comparative Literature, grade: 1,7, http: //www.uni-jena.de/ (Institut für Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: HpS Contrastive Linguistics, language: English, abstract: Introduction Since German and English both belong to the same family of languages, i.e. West Germanic, they are - at least, from an historical point of view - closely related languages. By investigating their respective grammatical structures it is to be discussed whether the existing structural contrasts between English and German grammar are related as well. Within this paper the most general and basic of the occurring differences will be summarised and analysed by taking John Hawkins' A Comparative Typology of English and German. Unifying the Contrasts as a basic source. Hawkins argues that where German and English contrast the latter tends to show less correspondence between form and meaning. This is due to his central hypothesis which says that it is possible to establish general principles which unite the major contrasts between both languages (cf. 4). Hawkins assumes that the differences within the grammatical structures are not accidental ones; they are rather systematic and can be traced back to one "ultimate trigger " (5) in the history of the English language - phonological changes which caused all further structural differences as either direct or indirect consequences of this process (cf. 5-7). The attempt of this paper is to draw conclusions from this knowledge of the common historical background and apply it to the modern "versions" of the German and English language and the major patterns of variation. To get a descriptive and lucid image of the contrasts between the two languages, we first start on the level of individual words by considering their morphological structure, i.e. we will examine the inflection of the verb and the case marking of noun phrases. This will lead us directly to questi
Download or read book A Comparative Typology of English and German written by John A. Hawkins and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-03 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1986, this book draws together analyses of English and German. It defines the contrasts and similarities between the two languages and, in particular, looks at the question of whether contrasts in one area of the grammar is systematically related to contrasts in another, and whether there is any ‘directionality’ or unity to contrast throughout grammar as a whole. It is suggested that there is, and that English and German can serve as a case study for a more general typology of languages than we now have. This volume will be of interest to a wide range of linguists, including students of Germanic languages; language typologists; generative grammarians attempting to ‘fix the parameters’ on language variation;’ historical linguists; and applied linguists.
Download or read book Information Structure and Language Change written by Roland Hinterhölzl and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume presents new approaches to explaining word order variation and change in the Germanic languages and thus relates to one of the most prominent and widely discussed topics in the theory of language change and diachronic syntax. The novelty of our approach consists in three main points. First of all, we aim at describing functional variety in the field of word order and verb placement in the early Germanic languages not as a result of language contact, but rather as a language-internal phenomenon related to stylistic and grammatical conditions in information packaging. Second, given that information structure is not directly accessible in texts from historical corpora that are available only in written form and bear no or little information on prosody and intonation, it presents various methods of retrieving information-structural categories in such texts. Third, it presents empirical studies on the relation between word order and information structure of the four main texts of the Old High German period and embeds these results in the wider picture of word order change in Germanic. The volume will be of interest to students of German, English, and general linguistics as well as to researchers interested in diachronic syntax, philology of Older German, language change, information structure, discourse semantics, language typology, computational linguistics, and corpus studies.
Download or read book The Syntax of German written by Hubert Haider and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad coverage of German syntax, providing an in-depth look at object-verb sentence formation in comparison with other languages.
Download or read book The Role of the German Mother Tongue for the Acquisition of Grammatical Structures of English written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2023-05-30 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, University of Trier, language: English, abstract: The aim of the paper is to find out whether grammatical contrasts between German and English imply the frequent occurrence of errors with regard to tenses, aspect, and relative pronouns/clauses. The work is based on the assumption that contrasts between the two languages do cause frequent errors, although there are also others factors contributing to it, such as age, years of exposure, language aptitude, and motivation. The first part of the paper deals with the concept of language ‘transfer’ in general, touching issues, such as the description of the highly discussed concept, the role it plays in language learning, differences between positive and negative ‘transfer’, some variant forms of negative ‘transfer’, namely the production of non-target-like forms, overproduction, and avoidance as well as two different views of transfer, which are CA and EA. The second part of the paper includes a data analysis, which focuses exclusively on selected grammatical differences. Contrasting categories considered in the analysis are tenses, aspect, and relative pronouns/clauses. Unlike contrastive analysis, grammatical differences between the two languages will not only be considered theoretically, but also authentically produced learner utterances will be examined in terms of the errors which can be attributed to contrasts between German and English. For this purpose, samples of learner language by German learners of English collected in the ICLE will be made use of – with particular regard to expected errors due to contrasts between the two languages. In this vein, both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the errors will be applied.
Download or read book A Short Comparative Grammar of English and German written by Victor Henry and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Short Comparative Grammar of English and German: As Traced Back to Their Common Origin and Contrasted With the Classical Languages The French edition of this work, published in November, 1893 (Paris, Hachette), was reviewed shortly afterwards in the, Academy (no. 1131), in so friendly and sympathetic a spirit that I feel bound to express my gratitude to the anonymous critic, both for the valuable suggestions he made, and for the praise he gave to my book. Of the former I have, as he will perceive, availed myself as far as possible, and have deferred to his opinion in almost every case. There is, however, one point on which he appears to have misjudged me; he evidently missed the note on page 23 (p. 21 of this translation), and was therefore led to suppose that I had stated as a fact that an r-vowel actually existed in English. The confusion is only apparent; for the sake of brevity I thought it advisable not to separate the English final r from the other English and from the German final liquids and nasals, but at the same time I reminded my French readers that the r in this position had become an untrilled vowel, and I referred them for further details to a subsequent section. And I am still inclined to believe this course the best for my purpose, especially when we take into consideration the fact, of which there is hardly any doubt, that as recently as two centuries ago the r was no less trilled in mother than it is at the present day in raven. A few words are necessary in regard to the terminology adopted in this work. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book German Grammar written by ULF. SCHUTZE and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: German Grammar: Reviewed and Retold is a user-friendly grammar/workbook designed to give German learners a great basis to build an in-depth knowledge of spoken and written German. Bridging the gap between grammar, story-telling and culture, learners of the German language discover Germany's cultural history as well as life in Germany today, while absorbing grammatical structures through reading and practice. This grammar is based on recent SLA research and word frequency, to embed vocabulary and grammar into a language specific cultural context. A key component of this approach is consistency and relevance, enabling students to apply grammatical structures to their language learning, as well as talking about the past, present and future. Aimed at ACTFL levels Novice (all) to Intermediate (middle)/CEFR A1 to B1, this is the perfect grammar for post-beginners, combining storytelling with grammar acquisition.
Download or read book German Grammar Reviewed and Retold written by Ulf Schütze and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-28 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: German Grammar: Reviewed and Retold is a user-friendly grammar/workbook designed to give German learners a great basis to build an in-depth knowledge of spoken and written German. Bridging the gap between grammar, storytelling, and culture, learners of the German language discover Germany’s cultural history as well as life in Germany today, while absorbing grammatical structures through reading and practice. This grammar is based on recent Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research and word frequency, to embed vocabulary and grammar into a language-specific cultural context. A key component of this approach is consistency and relevance, enabling students to apply grammatical structures to their language learning, as well as talking about the past, present, and future. Aimed at ACTFL levels Novice (all) to Intermediate (middle)/CEFR A1 to B1, this is the perfect grammar for post-beginners, combining storytelling with grammar acquisition.
Download or read book Topic and Focus in English and German Sentences A Cross Linguistic Analysis written by Patrick Wedekind and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: A, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, language: English, abstract: When semanticists examine the way speakers or writers code the knowledge they expect their listeners or readers to have in a sentence, one of the most important aspects to consider is the information structure of the sentence. Within this information structure, a subdivision is commonly made between already known or given information, which is usually referred to as the ‘topic’ of the sentence, and new information, normally called the ‘focus’. While some languages, for instance Somali, possess explicit focus markers to indicate the focalization of certain elements in a sentence, English has to rely mainly on the intonation of a sentence as the focus marker due to its rigid subject-verb-object (SVO) word order. German, on the other hand, provides a greater syntactic flexibility since it is a highly inflected language in which the grammatical function of words is less defined by their position within a sentence than their grammatical cases. Therefore, speakers of German do not have to rely solely on changing the intonation in order to mark a sentence’s focus, but may also use syntactic displacement as a focus marker. Nevertheless, syntactic changes to focalize certain elements in a sentence are also possible to a limited extent in English, but they require special constructions not necessary for focus marking in German. Since these differences in focus marking seem to be significant in light of the fact that both English and German are Germanic languages, they will constitute the main focus of this paper. I will begin my study of topic and focus in the two languages with an examination of the several strategies for focusing employed in spoken English and German and then continue with those strategies typically used in writing. In doing this, I take account of the limitation of some of these strategies to one of these two different forms of communication.
Download or read book Basic structural differences within a linguistic comparison of English and German grammar written by Theresa Schmidt and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Comparative Literature, grade: 1,7, http://www.uni-jena.de/ (Institut für Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: HpS Contrastive Linguistics , language: English, abstract: Introduction Since German and English both belong to the same family of languages, i.e. West Germanic, they are - at least, from an historical point of view - closely related languages. By investigating their respective grammatical structures it is to be discussed whether the existing structural contrasts between English and German grammar are related as well. Within this paper the most general and basic of the occurring differences will be summarised and analysed by taking John Hawkins’ A Comparative Typology of English and German. Unifying the Contrasts as a basic source. Hawkins argues that where German and English contrast the latter tends to show less correspondence between form and meaning. This is due to his central hypothesis which says that it is possible to establish general principles which unite the major contrasts between both languages (cf. 4). Hawkins assumes that the differences within the grammatical structures are not accidental ones; they are rather systematic and can be traced back to one “ultimate trigger “ (5) in the history of the English language - phonological changes which caused all further structural differences as either direct or indirect consequences of this process (cf. 5-7). The attempt of this paper is to draw conclusions from this knowledge of the common historical background and apply it to the modern “versions” of the German and English language and the major patterns of variation. To get a descriptive and lucid image of the contrasts between the two languages, we first start on the level of individual words by considering their morphological structure, i.e. we will examine the inflection of the verb and the case marking of noun phrases. This will lead us directly to questions concerning word order and basic grammatical relations on the syntactical level. Finally, a short analysis of verb-first-structures in English and German will round off the discussion.
Download or read book Syntactic Structures written by Noam Chomsky and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-05-18 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "Syntactic Structures".
Download or read book A New English Grammar Structure of sentences and clauses Uses of forms written by Edward Adolf Sonnenschein and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The clausal syntax of German Sign Language written by Fabian Bross and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a hypothesis-based description of the clausal structure of German Sign Language (DGS). The structure of the book is based on the three clausal layers CP, IP/TP, and VoiceP. The main hypothesis is that scopal height is expressed iconically in sign languages: the higher the scope of an operator, the higher the articulator used for its expression. The book was written with two audiences in mind: On the one hand it addresses linguists interested in sign languages and on the other hand it addresses cartographers.
Download or read book Discovering Syntax written by Joseph E. Emonds and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2007 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon.
Download or read book Grammar Between Norm and Variation written by Alexandra N. Lenz and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2010 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles collected in this volume offer the most various access to the discussed questions on norm and variation. In their entirety, they reflect the current discussion of the topic. Focusing on the object languages German and English ensures a high level of topical consistency. On the other hand, the four large topic areas (emergence and change of norms and grammatical constructions; relationship of codes of norms and 'real' language usage; competition of standard and non-standard language norms; and subsistent norms of minority languages and «institutionalised second-language varieties») cover a large range of relevant issues, thereby certainly giving an impetus to new and further investigations.
