Download or read book The Genomic Basis of Adaptation to Climate Across Oak Quercus Species and Populations in California written by Alayna Mead and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterizing the genomic basis of climate adaptation is essential both for understanding the process of evolution and for conserving populations under climate change. Here, I use several methods to investigate the genomic basis of adaptation across oak species and populations. In Chapter 1, we compared the gene expression response to a simulated drought stress across six oak species, two species from each of the three taxonomic sections of Quercus in California, which varied in their drought tolerance. We found that drought tolerant species had a less plastic response to leaf drying, suggesting that phenotypic traits and non-plastic patterns of gene expression contribute to their drought tolerance more than plasticity. We also found that the two deciduous trees, which were the most drought sensitive species, responded to drying with 22% of the same genes, indicating these responses had evolved in parallel across distantly related clades. In Chapter 2, we used whole-genome sequencing to characterize the rangewide genetic structure of a rare island endemic oak species, Quercus tomentella, from the California Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island in Mexico. We found evidence for widespread hybridization with a related oak species, isolation of the Guadalupe Island trees, and some gene flow among the California islands that is likely mediated by wind pollination. We also identified putatively adaptive SNPs that were associated with climate variables, compared the spatial patterns of neutral SNPs and candidate SNPs, and used this information to make recommendations for choosing seed sources for restoration projects in the light of climate change. In Chapter 3, we characterized the heat stress response across species and populations. We performed a heat wave experiment and compared the gene expression responses among three oak species and two populations within each species, one from a southern, warmer site and one from a northern, cooler site. We found shared responses to heat stress among all species and populations, including the responses of individual genes as well as genes with related functions. We found limited evidence of differences in stress response among populations, suggesting a lack of local adaptation in the plastic heat stress response.
Download or read book Oaks Physiological Ecology Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L written by Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 500 species distributed all around the Northern Hemisphere, the genus Quercus L. is a dominant element of a wide variety of habitats including temperate, tropical, subtropical and mediterranean forests and woodlands. As the fossil record reflects, oaks were usual from the Oligocene onwards, showing the high ability of the genus to colonize new and different habitats. Such diversity and ecological amplitude makes genus Quercus an excellent framework for comparative ecophysiological studies, allowing the analysis of many mechanisms that are found in different oaks at different level (leaf or stem). The combination of several morphological and physiological attributes defines the existence of different functional types within the genus, which are characteristic of specific phytoclimates. From a landscape perspective, oak forests and woodlands are threatened by many factors that can compromise their future: a limited regeneration, massive decline processes, mostly triggered by adverse climatic events or the competence with other broad-leaved trees and conifer species. The knowledge of all these facts can allow for a better management of the oak forests in the future.
Download or read book Ecological Genomics written by Christian R. Landry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in the field of ecological genomics aim to determine how a genome or a population of genomes interacts with its environment across ecological and evolutionary timescales. Ecological genomics is trans-disciplinary by nature. Ecologists have turned to genomics to be able to elucidate the mechanistic bases of the biodiversity their research tries to understand. Genomicists have turned to ecology in order to better explain the functional cellular and molecular variation they observed in their model organisms. We provide an advanced-level book that covers this recent research and proposes future development for this field. A synthesis of the field of ecological genomics emerges from this volume. Ecological Genomics covers a wide array of organisms (microbes, plants and animals) in order to be able to identify central concepts that motivate and derive from recent investigations in different branches of the tree of life. Ecological Genomics covers 3 fields of research that have most benefited from the recent technological and conceptual developments in the field of ecological genomics: the study of life-history evolution and its impact of genome architectures; the study of the genomic bases of phenotypic plasticity and the study of the genomic bases of adaptation and speciation.
Download or read book Quercus Genetics written by Mary V Ashley and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-01-14 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genus Quercus (Quercus, Fagaceae) comprises more than 400 species distributed throughout the northern hemisphere. While the highest oak diversity occurs in American and Asia, European species are also widespread. Oaks are ecological dominants of many temperate forests, and evergreen species are major components of Mediterranean and subtropical woodlands. They provide important ecosystem services and valuable timber. Oak species exhibit high genetic diversity, and this diversity has provided a wealth of information regarding oak ecology and evolution. Recent genetic and genomic studies of oaks have unraveled their evolutionary origins, history, and past radiations. Genetic approaches have also been applied to learn about more recent events, such as range expansions and contractions occurring at northern latitudes.
Download or read book Regenerating Rangeland Oaks in California written by Douglas D. McCreary and published by UCANR Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Local Climatic Heterogeneity Predicts Differences in Phenotypic Plasticity Across Populations of a Widely distributed California Oak Species written by Brandon William Selbie MacDonald and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In variable environments, phenotypic plasticity-- the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes in different environments -- may play a critical role in survival of an organism. It has been proposed that populations living in more climatically variable environments may evolve greater phenotypic plasticity than populations in more stable environments, which may be particularly beneficial for sessile long-lived organisms, such as trees, which once established will live in one location for a long time. We test this hypothesis by examining leaf traits in Quercus lobata, a wide-spread California oak, which were planted into two common gardens. Common gardens were established with 6000 seedlings grown from acorns harvested from trees across the species range. We measure leaf traits that are likely to demonstrate plasticity, and are known to be associated with plant response to climate. In support of our hypothesis, we find that leaf thickness, leaf lobedness, and trichome density show clines in plasticity in their response to the environments of the two gardens that are correlated with two measures of environmental heterogeneity--temperature seasonality and precipitation seasonality. Seedlings from climates which are more seasonal in temperature and precipitation tend to display higher levels of plasticity in the common gardens. We also find geographic structure in patterns of plasticity and identify leaf lobedness as the most plastic leaf trait in the common gardens. More plastic maternal families tend to display lower levels of fitness in the common gardens suggesting a cost associated with plasticity. We conclude that there is local adaptation for plasticity in some leaf traits, and that there is a fitness cost to that plasticity outside of the native environment.
Download or read book Genetic Variation and Hybridization Among Red Oaks of California written by Mohammad Nasser Haghighat-Kashani and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Approaches in Natural Resource Conservation and Management written by J. Andrew DeWoody and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-14 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in molecular genetics and genomics have been embraced by many in natural resource conservation. Today, several major conservation and management journals are now using 'genetics' editors to deal solely with the influx of manuscripts that employ molecular data. The editors have attempted to synthesize some of the major uses of molecular markers in natural resource management in a book targeted not only at scientists but also at individuals actively making conservation and management decisions. To that end, the text features contributors who are major figures in molecular ecology and evolution - many having published books of their own. The aim is to direct and distil the thoughts of these outstanding scientists by compiling compelling case histories in molecular ecology as they apply to natural resource management.
Download or read book Water Stress Treatment in Valley Oak Quercus Lobata Seedlings Reveals Species wide Similarities and Population specific Differences in Ecophysiological and Gene Expression Response written by Alayna Mead and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought is a major stress for plants, and creates strong selection pressure for adaptive responses. Many drought responses will be conserved, species-wide responses, but when populations are distributed across heterogeneous environments, local selection pressures may shape differences in their response to drought. This study tests whether populations of valley oak (Quercus lobata), a widely-distributed California endemic oak, are locally adapted in their response to water stress. Using groups of seedlings sampled from dissimilar climates and exposed to soil-drying or high water treatments, we measured ecophysiological traits and gene expression (RNA-seq) data. Valley oak seedlings under water stress had a lower leaf water potential and turgor loss point, but populations were not significantly different from each other, indicating a generalized species-wide response. However, most genes that were differentially expressed between treatments responded in only one seedling population, indicating that populations generally have different responses to water stress. Additionally, gene modules (groups of genes with similar expression patterns, identified using weighted gene co-expression networks) often responded differently to water stress treatment among populations, potentially identifying differences in drought response that occur through differential regulation of gene networks. This study provides evidence that valley oak populations are locally adapted to respond to water stress. As drought is projected to increase in California due to climate change, this may be useful for predicting the response of different populations and devising management strategies.
Download or read book Applied Environmental Genomics written by Oliver F... Berry and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2023-12 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA is the essence of life and the original ‘big data’. New technologies are allowing scientists to access and make sense of this information like never before, and they are using it to solve the world’s greatest environmental challenges. Applied Environmental Genomics synthesises the latest and most exciting uses of genomic technologies for environmental science and management. With an emphasis on diversity of applications and real-world demonstrations, leading researchers have contributed detailed chapters on innovative approaches to obtaining critical management-relevant information about the natural world. These chapters are complemented by perspective sections written by environmental managers who describe their experiences using genomics to support evidence-based decisions. Ideal for students, researchers and professionals working in natural resource management and policy, Applied Environmental Genomics is a comprehensive introduction to a fast-moving field that is transforming the practice of environmental management, with profound relevance to industry, government and the public.
Download or read book THE STATE OF THE WORLD s FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-05-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication was prepared based on information provided by 86 countries, outcomes from regional and subregional consultations and commissioned thematic studies. It includes: •an overview of definitions and concepts related to Forest Genetic Resources (FGR) and a review of their value; •a description of the main drivers of changes; •the presentation of key emerging technologies; •an analysis of the current status of FGR conservation, use and related developments; •recommendations addressing the challenges and needs. By the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
Download or read book Evidence of Hybridization and Introgression in Two Distantly Related Sympatric Californian White Oaks Quercus Sect Quercus written by Scott O'Donnell and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate regimes are changing rapidly at a global scale and the rate of change often outpaces the ability of many species to evolve in response to changing selective pressures. It is possible that other evolutionary processes, such as introgressive hybridization, allow species to exchange alleles across species boundaries at rates that exceed the creation of novel adaptive alleles through mutation alone. By analyzing genomic sequence data for evidence of ancient adaptive introgression, we can characterize the role that this process played in the evolutionary history of these species and its potential under predicted future climate regimes. Here, we test for evidence of adaptive introgression in two hybridizing white oaks (Quercus sect. Quercus): the drought tolerant California shrub oak (Quercus berberidifolia) and the comparatively drought intolerant tree Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii). In Chapter 1, we use single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by reduced-representation sequencing to test the likelihood of various ancient demographic models to identify the presence, timing, and direction of ancient introgression in this system. We discovered evidence of asymmetric introgression from Q. berberidifolia during the advent of a Mediterranean-type climate, indicating a potential association between ancient gene flow between these species and large-scale climatic change. In Chapter 2 we used whole genome sequence data to characterize landscape-scale distribution of genetic diversity in both Q. engelmannii and Q. berberidifolia. We also identified and compared candidate SNPs significantly associated with climatic gradients to neutral genetic diversity under current and future predicted climate models. Evidence showed that Q. engelmannii is likely well-adapted to current local climate conditions throughout its range and is more likely to become maladapted under future climate scenarios. In Chapter 3 we test for evidence of introgression in both species and identified any functional genes found in physical regions of introgression. We discovered significant genome-wide evidence of introgression of functional genes associated with stress response in Q. engelmannii but did not find any significant evidence of introgression in Q. berberidifolia. This combined evidence suggests that ancient adaptive introgression with Q. berberidifolia may have allowed Q. engelmannii to adapt to past large-scale climate change.
Download or read book Wild Crop Relatives Genomic and Breeding Resources written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-08-28 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wild crop relatives are now playing a significant part in the elucidation and improvement of the genomes of their cultivated counterparts. This work includes comprehensive examinations of the status, origin, distribution, morphology, cytology, genetic diversity and available genetic and genomic resources of numerous wild crop relatives, as well as of their evolution and phylogenetic relationship. Further topics include their role as model plants, genetic erosion and conservation efforts, and their domestication for the purposes of bioenergy, phytomedicines, nutraceuticals and phytoremediation. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources comprises 10 volumes on Cereals, Millets and Grasses, Oilseeds, Legume Crops and Forages, Vegetables, Temperate Fruits, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Industrial Crops, Plantation and Ornamental Crops, and Forest Trees. It contains 125 chapters written by nearly 400 well-known authors from about 40 countries.
Download or read book Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States written by Julie Koppel Maldonado and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-04-05 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a long history and deep connection to the Earth’s resources, indigenous peoples have an intimate understanding and ability to observe the impacts linked to climate change. Traditional ecological knowledge and tribal experience play a key role in developing future scientific solutions for adaptation to the impacts. The book explores climate-related issues for indigenous communities in the United States, including loss of traditional knowledge, forests and ecosystems, food security and traditional foods, as well as water, Arctic sea ice loss, permafrost thaw and relocation. The book also highlights how tribal communities and programs are responding to the changing environments. Fifty authors from tribal communities, academia, government agencies and NGOs contributed to the book. Previously published in Climatic Change, Volume 120, Issue 3, 2013.
Download or read book Divergence with Genetic Exchange written by Michael Lynn Arnold and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an investigation into processes associated with evolutionary divergence and diversification, focussing on the role played by the exchange of genes between divergent lineages.
Download or read book Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States written by U.S. Global Change Research Program and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the science of climate change and impacts on the United States, for the public and policymakers.
Download or read book In Defense of Plants written by Matt Candeias and published by Mango Media Inc.. This book was released on 2021-03-16 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Study of Plants in a Whole New Light “Matt Candeias succeeds in evoking the wonder of plants with wit and wisdom.” ―James T. Costa, PhD, executive director, Highlands Biological Station and author of Darwin's Backyard #1 New Release in Nature & Ecology, Plants, Botany, Horticulture, Trees, Biological Sciences, and Nature Writing & Essays In his debut book, internationally-recognized blogger and podcaster Matt Candeias celebrates the nature of plants and the extraordinary world of plant organisms. A botanist’s defense. Since his early days of plant restoration, this amateur plant scientist has been enchanted with flora and the greater environmental ecology of the planet. Now, he looks at the study of plants through the lens of his ever-growing houseplant collection. Using gardening, houseplants, and examples of plants around you, In Defense of Plants changes your relationship with the world from the comfort of your windowsill. The ruthless, horny, and wonderful nature of plants. Understand how plants evolve and live on Earth with a never-before-seen look into their daily drama. Inside, Candeias explores the incredible ways plants live, fight, have sex, and conquer new territory. Whether a blossoming botanist or a professional plant scientist, In Defense of Plants is for anyone who sees plants as more than just static backdrops to more charismatic life forms. In this easily accessible introduction to the incredible world of plants, you’ll find: • Fantastic botanical histories and plant symbolism • Passionate stories of flora diversity and scientific names of plant organisms • Personal tales of plantsman discovery through the study of plants If you enjoyed books like The Botany of Desire, What a Plant Knows, or The Soul of an Octopus, then you’ll love In Defense of Plants.
