Download or read book The Genetic Structure and Agronomic Importance of the Juvenile to Adult Vegetative Phase Change in Maize Zea Mays L written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All plants pass through several different phases during development. The timing and duration of the transition between these phases is important both for plant fitness as well as agronomically. In maize, those phases are the juvenile vegetative, adult vegetative and reproductive. Juvenile and adult tissues differ dramatically in their anatomical and biochemical composition, which affects both potential for animal feed and biofuel feedstock as well as disease and insect resistance. While the timing of the vegetative to reproductive transition is well characterized and studied, the molecular network controlling juvenile to adult vegetative phase change in maize is poorly understood. The objective of my thesis was to characterize the genetic structure of this developmental transition as well as assess it's agronomic potential for use in the lignocellulosic ethanol industry. The Nested Association Mapping Population (NAM) as well as two novel mapping populations, without the use of B73 as a parent, were used to characterize the genetic structure and identify QTL controlling the timing of vegetative phase change. Using high-resolution genomic maps, novel QTL and candidate genes were identified. Stover of extreme genotypes for early and late timing of vegetative phase change were identified from the NAM population and evaluated as inbreds per se as and in a hybrid context. Although phenotypic diversity for the timing of vegetative phase change existed, none of the composition or digestibility traits were significantly different between early and late transitioning lines. Our results show that stover composition will not change with extended juvenility.
Download or read book The Timing of Vegetative Phase Change in Maize Zea Mays L written by Bruce Gordon Abedon and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vegetative Phase Change in Maize Zea Mays L and Its Relationships with Diease and Insect Resistance and Agronomic Traits written by Eric S. Riedeman and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Breeding Reviews written by Jules Janick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant breeding and genetics covering horticultural, agronomic and forestry crops, incorporating both traditional and molecular methods. The contributions are authored by world authorities, anonymously reviewed, and edited by Professor Jules Janick of Purdue University, USA. The series is an indispensible resource for crop breeders, plant scientists, and teachers involved in crop improvement and genetic resources.
Download or read book Vegetative Phase Transition and Response to Disease in Maize zea Mays L written by Margaret M. Hurkman and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Network Regulating Variation in Vegetative Phase Change in Maize written by Wei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vegetative phase change in maize is characterized by the transition from waxy juvenile leaves to pubescent, glossy adult leaves. In maize, mutants that alter the timing of vegetative phase change are valuable resources to identify the responsible factors. Also, continuous variation of leaf identity traits in diverse genetic mapping populations indicates the feasibility to use quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses to find underlying genes. I demonstrate here that Glossy15 (Gl15) is the most important gene controlling leaf identity traits in maize. Decreased level of Gl15 mRNA in various gl15 mutant alleles promoted the transition from juvenile to adult leaf identity in all genetic backgrounds tested. Additionally, the Gl15 gene appears as the most significant QTL for leaf identity traits in multiple genetic mapping populations, where variation in both its DNA sequence and mRNA expression could explain phenotypic differences among population of diverse maize inbred lines. Building on studies of the genetic network controlling vegetative phase change in the model plant species Arabidopsis, microRNA156 (miR156) and its target the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDIND LIKE PROTEIN (SPL) genes also control leaf identity traits in maize. The miR156g and SBP5 genes are found within other large-effect QTLs that controlling leaf identity traits, and the relative expression levels of these genes correlates with the timing of vegetative phase change. The unique and easily visible leaf identity traits in maize offer advantages to characterizing the effects of many other regulators as well. I found that the activities of GAs, an upstream component of the genetic network regulating vegetative phase change, promote adult leaf identity by influencing the antagonistic interactions of miR156 and miR172; whereas Gl15 conditions changes in epicuticular wax composition between juvenile and adult leaves by activating aldehyde reductase and suppressing aldehyde decarbonylase.
Download or read book Handbook of Maize Its Biology written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-25 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Maize: Its Biology centers on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The book includes brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and features a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Download or read book Handbook of Maize written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-16 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Download or read book Drought Tolerance Traits in Maize Zea Mays at the Early Vegetative Growth Stage written by Abdalla I. Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early seedling vigor and juvenile vegetative growth are important traits that allow the strong establishment of plants and access to nutrients and water, providing competition against weeds, and allowing mechanical cultivation in production systems that do not use herbicides. Drought stress at this early growth stage may be lethal or damaging. We used to the plant Digital Biomass as predicted from digital images to track plant growth under both well-watered and water-stressed conditions. To achieve these goals, we developed a manual imaging system that allowed us to track the plant growth over a period of 32 days. We imaged 30,36 plants representing 449 inbred lines daily from 13 to 32 days after planting with both a top and a side image. The drought treatment started 23 days after planting by completely withholding water from the water-stress treatment. Using Integrated Analysis Platform (IAP) software, we extracted 137 traits from the images including plant architectural traits and color traits. Phenotypic analysis of several traits showed variability across inbreds. Digital Biomass, for example, showed a great variability across inbreds with a 6.6-fold difference at the beginning of the experiment. Digital Biomass, estimated from the top and side images, was shown to be a good measure of plant vigor and strongly correlated with plant shoot weight at harvest. Vigorous seedling utilized more water, reflecting their ability to take advantage of available resources. The value of image-based traits of young plants was evaluated as a predictive tool for adult phenotypes grown in the field. Weak to moderate correlations were obtained between Digital Biomass at the seedling stage, with r-squared values of -0.35, -0.31 for GDD to Anthesis, and GDD to Silking respectively. The correlation between early maize growth and flowering time may suggest a common genetic control of growth and development of both stages with some possible genes with pleiotropic effects. To identify genomic regions associated with the several phenotypic traits, we utilized a dataset of 436,576 SNP markers to conduct Genome-wide Association (GWAS) using the GAPIT package in R. Several candidate genes were identified for growth rate and total leaf area at specific growth stages, as well as for other correlated traits. GWAS of image-derived plant color traits detected genes associated with plant pigments such as anthocyanin and chlorophyll, which confirms earlier reports on the utility of plant imaging in identifying plant pigments. We wanted to test whether growth, as measured by Digital Biomass, was controlled by a fixed or a dynamic set of genes, so we carried out GWAS analysis of Digital Biomass for each day as a separate phenotype. Results have shown that variation for early vegetative growth in maize is controlled by a dynamic set of genes over time, highlighting the importance of repeated measurement over time in GWAS and QTL studies designed to characterize the genetic architecture of plant development. The analysis of the drought-stressed plants showed variability in different drought tolerance traits ranging from 1.2 to 12.2-fold difference. The several measured traits included traits such as 1) leaf expansion sensitivity to water content and traits related to the ability to recover after drought such as 2) surviving green tissue after drought stress, 3) water use efficiency, and 4) growth rate after recovery with. No or weak correlations were found between the plant's ability to tolerate drought and its ability to recover. Photosynthesis Efficiency measured as Fv/Fm on a subset of 140 plants at three time-points during drought stress, showed that photosynthetic efficiency is less sensitive to drought stress than leaf growth. The candidate genes identified in this study, as well as correlations with field agronomic traits, may provide an insight that helps future understanding of the genetic control of biomass-related traits under both well-watered and drought stress conditions.
Download or read book Plant Breeding Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamics of Gene Expression During Vegetative Phase Change in Maize written by Benjamin DuPree Beydler and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As maize plants undergo vegetative phase change, they both exhibit heteroblasty, an abrupt change in pattern of leaf morphogenesis, and gain the ability to produce flowers. Both processes are under the control of microRNA 156, whose levels decline at the end of the juvenile phase. Gain of ability to flower is conferred by expression of miR156 targets that encode Squamosa Promoter-Binding (SBP) transcription factors, which in turn induce the expression of MADS-box transcription factors that promote maturation and flowering. What gene expression differences underlie heteroblasty, as well as what causes the reduction in miR156 levels, remain open questions. Here, we compare the gene expression in primordia that will develop into juvenile or adult leaves to identify genes that define these two developmental states and may influence vegetative phase change. In comparisons among successive leaves at the same developmental stage of plastochron 6, three-fourths of approximately 1,100 differentially expressed genes were more highly expressed in juvenile primordia. This juvenile set was enriched in photosynthetic genes, particularly those associated with cyclic electron flow at photosystem I, and genes involved in oxidative stress and retrograde redox signaling. Pathogen responsive pathways including jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and benzoxazinoids were also up-regulated in juvenile primordia and indeed, we found that exogenous application of jasmonic acid, and hydrogen peroxide delays vegetative phase change in maize seedlings. These results suggest that the timing of vegetative phase change in maize is coordinated in part downstream of photo-oxidative stress signaling. Photo-oxidative stress during greening likely amplifies heterotrophic energy insufficiency. The successful amelioration of these stress signals may ultimately determine the duration of miR156-mediated juvenility.
Download or read book Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Maize written by Ramakrishna Wusirika and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-05 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequencing of the maize genome has opened up new opportunities in maize breeding, genetics and genomics research. This book highlights modern trends in development of hybrids, analysis of genetic diversity, molecular breeding, comparative and functional genomics, epigenomicsand proteomics in maize. The use of maize in biofuels, phytoremediation and
Download or read book Handbook of Maize written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-01-15 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Download or read book The Maize Genome written by Jeffrey Bennetzen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-24 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the maize genome since publication of the original B73 reference genome in 2009, and the progress in translating this knowledge into basic biology and trait improvement. Maize is an extremely important crop, providing a large proportion of the world’s human caloric intake and animal feed, and serving as a model species for basic and applied research. The exceptionally high level of genetic diversity within maize presents opportunities and challenges in all aspects of maize genetics, from sequencing and genotyping to linking genotypes to phenotypes. Topics covered in this timely book range from (i) genome sequencing and genotyping techniques, (ii) genome features such as centromeres and epigenetic regulation, (iii) tools and resources available for trait genomics, to (iv) applications of allele mining and genomics-assisted breeding. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students interested in maize genetics and genomics.
Download or read book Maize Germplasm written by Mohamed A. El-Esawi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is an important staple food crop worldwide. It is the third most important cereal crop after wheat and rice and is economically used for both livestock feeds and human consumption. The latest maize research has opened up new opportunities for crop improvement. This book brings together recent work and advances that have recently been made in the dynamic fields of genetic characterization, molecular breeding, genetic engineering technologies, and mapping of agronomic traits of global maize germplasm. It also provides new insights into and sheds new light regarding the current research trends and future research directions in maize. This book will provoke interest in many readers, researchers, and scientists, who can find this information useful for the advancement of their research works toward maize improvement.
Download or read book Handbook of Maize Its Biology written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Maize: Its Biology centers on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The book includes brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and features a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
