Download or read book The Genetic Impact of Farmed Atlantic Salmon on Wild Populations written by P. S. Maitland and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Atlantic Salmon written by Eric Verspoor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlantic Salmon is a cultural icon throughout its North Atlantic range; it is the focus of probably the World’s highest profile recreational fishery and is the basis for one of the World’s largest aquaculture industries. Despite this, many wild stocks of salmon are in decline and underpinning this is a dearth of information on the nature and extent of population structuring and adaptive population differentiation, and its implications for species conservation. This important new book will go a long way to rectify this situation by providing a thorough review of the genetics of Atlantic salmon. Sponsored by the European Union and the Atlantic Salmon Trust, this book comprises the work of an international team of scientists, carefully integrated and edited to provide a landmark book of vital interest to all those working with Atlantic salmon.

Download or read book Atlantic Salmon Ecology written by Øystein Aas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-18 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atlantic salmon is one of the most prized and exploited species worldwide, being at the centre of a massive sports fishing industry and increasingly as the major farmed species in many countries worldwide. Atlantic Salmon Ecology is a landmark publication, both scientifically important and visually attractive. Comprehensively covering all major aspects of the relationship of the Atlantic salmon with its environment, chapters include details of migration and dispersal, reproduction, habitat requirements, feeding, growth rates, competition, predation, parasitsm, population dynamics, effects of landscape use, hydro power development, climate change, and exploitation. The book closes with a summary and look at possible future research directions. Backed by the Norwegian Research Council and with editors and contributors widely known and respected, Atlantic Salmon Ecology is an essential purchase for all those working with this species, including fisheries scientists and managers, fish biologists, ecologists, physiologists, environmental biologists and aquatic scientists, fish and wildlife department personnel and regulatory bodies. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies of this important publication. Comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of Atlantic Salmon Atlantic Salmon is one of the world's most commercially important species Backed by the Norwegian Research Council Experienced editor and internationally respected contributors

Download or read book The Genetic Impact on Native Atlantic Salmon Populations Resulting from the Escape of Farmed Salmon written by Stephen L. Clifford and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selective Breeding in Aquaculture an Introduction written by Trygve Gjedrem and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-17 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The foundation of quantitative genetics theory was developed during the last century and facilitated many successful breeding programs for cultivated plants and t- restrial livestock. The results have been almost universally impressive, and today nearly all agricultural production utilises genetically improved seed and animals. The aquaculture industry can learn a great deal from these experiences, because the basic theory behind selective breeding is the same for all species. The ?rst published selection experiments in aquaculture started in 1920 s to improve disease resistance in ?sh, but it was not before the 1970 s that the ?rst family based breeding program was initiated for Atlantic salmon in Norway by AKVAFORSK. Unfortunately, the subsequent implementation of selective breeding on a wider scale in aquaculture has been slow, and despite the dramatic gains that have been demonstrated in a number of species, less than 10% of world aquaculture production is currently based on improved stocks. For the long-term sustainability of aquaculture production, there is an urgent need to develop and implement e- cient breeding programs for all species under commercial production. The ability for aquaculture to successfully meet the demands of an ever increasing human p- ulation, will rely on genetically improved stocks that utilise feed, water and land resources in an ef?cient way. Technological advances like genome sequences of aquaculture species, and advanced molecular methods means that there are new and exciting prospects for building on these well-established methods into the future.

Download or read book Genetic Influence on Survival and Fitness related Traits of Juvenile Farmed Wild and Hybrid Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar in Nature written by Samantha E. Crowley and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) have experienced multiple generations of selection pressures different from those experienced by their wild counterparts. Farmed fish escape from aquaculture facilities regularly, and their interbreeding with wild fish can result in lower wild population productivity and altered life history traits. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of relative performance of farmed, wild, and hybrid salmon is critical to predicting impacts on wild populations from farmed escapees. In my first data chapter, I compared the relative survival, size, morphology, and parr marks of Atlantic Salmon parr (wild, farmed, and reciprocal F1 hybrids) over the first summer of growth at three replicate sites in southern Newfoundland. There was a consistent pattern of relative survival across all sites (wild-mother hybrids > pure wild > pure farmed > farmed-mother hybrids), with wild fish consistently smallest in size, and wild-mother hybrids and farmed fish largest. In addition, I found small differences in body shape related mainly to body depth, and differences among sites for parr mark size. In my second data chapter, I compared lipid and fatty acid profiles at release and recapture for farmed, wild and hybrid parr. There were lipid profile differences among cross types at both time points and in addition, pure farmed fish displayed a greater decrease in storage lipids and certain fatty acids characteristic of freshwater invertebrate prey over the experimental period when compared with other cross types. Overall, there were measurable differences in survival and fitness-related traits among cross types, even over a relatively short experimental period under favourable conditions. Ultimately, this research provides key data on relative cross type performance for North American populations of Atlantic Salmon that may help inform predictive models, and subsequent aquaculture management and mitigation decisions.

Download or read book Genetic Status of Atlantic Salmon in Maine written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-03-22 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlantic salmon in Maine, once abundant but now seriously depleted, were listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) in November 2000. The listing covers the wild fish in eight Maine rivers as a single "distinct population segment." The controversy in Maine that accompanied the listing led Congress to request the National Research Council's (NRC's) advice on the science relevant to understanding and reversing the declines in Maine's salmon populations. The charge to the NRC's Committee on Atlantic Salmon in Maine included an interim report focusing on the genetic makeup of Maine Atlantic salmon populations. This is the interim report. Understanding the genetic makeup of Maine's salmon is important for recovery efforts, because the degree to which populations in Maine differ from adjacent populations in Canada and the degree to which populations in different Maine rivers and tributaries differ from each other affect the choice of recovery options that are most likely to be effective. This report focuses only on questions of genetic distinctiveness. The committee's final report will address the broader issues, such as the factors that have caused Maine's salmon populations to decline and the options for helping them to recover.

Download or read book Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching written by Kenneth M. Leber and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collapse of many of the World’s fisheries continues to be of major concern and the enhancement of fish stocks through techniques such as ranching is of huge importance and interest across the globe. This important book, which contains fully peer reviewed and carefully edited papers from the 2nd International Symposium in Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching is broadly divided into sections covering the following areas: The present situation of stock enhancement Seed quality and techniques for effective stocking Health management of hatchery stocks Methods for evaluating stocking effectiveness Population management in stock enhancement and sea ranching Management of stocked populations Ecological interactions with wild stocks Genetic management of hatchery and wild stocks Socio-economics of stock enhancement Case studies Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching has been written and edited by some of the world’s foremost authorities in fisheries science and related areas and is essential reading for all fisheries scientists throughout the World. Fish biologists, marine and aquatic scientists, environmental biologists, ecologists, conservationists, aquaculture personnel and oceanographers will all find much of use and interest within this book. All libraries within universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies of this book on their shelves.

Download or read book The Ecological and Genetic Impacts of Escaped Farmed Salmon on Wild Salmon with Recommended Management Measures for Southern Newfoundland written by Keith M. Rideout and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salmonid farming is a new and exciting industry for the rural areas of Newfoundland and Labrador; particularly those on the south coast of the Island in Bay d'Espoir and Fortune Bay. As with any industrial activity there are environmental impacts. In salmonid aquaculture these can include impacts related to farm effluents, disease amplification and transfer to wild stocks, and impacts associated with escapees from freshwater and marine farms. This paper attempts to highlight the degree of the escapement problem, particularly in those instances where the escaping species are free to interact and mate with wild conspecifics. This is the case in southern Newfoundland where domesticated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are farmed in areas with natural Atlantic salmon runs. The impacts of farmed escapees will depend upon the degree of difference from wild salmon and on the ability of farmed escapees to perform (i.e., survive, grow, reproduce) in the wild. When farmed salmon are able to escape and survive in the wild, their impacts on wild salmon can be loosely separated into ecological, genetic and those related to disease transfer. This paper concentrates on ecological and genetic impacts with less emphasis on disease transfer issues. This approach was taken to limit discussion of escapee impacts to those possible after farmed salmon escape. Disease transfer from farmed fish, it is suggested, is as likely to occur from intact cages of fish as it is from escaped individual fish. Suitable farm siting and appropriate farm practice, particularly as it relates to containment issues, are the best ways to minimize the impact that farmed escapees can have on wild salmon stocks. To this end, Newfoundland and Labrador does consider wild salmon populations in its site licensing process, prior to farm establishment, and has developed one of the more elaborate and stringent Codes of Containment of any jurisdiction in the North Atlantic. There is still work to be done, however; programs to externally mark farmed Atlantic salmon, so that they can be differentiated from wild Atlantics, and to remove farmed Atlantic salmon from 'valuable' rivers prior to ascension, are needed.

Download or read book Selection and Breeding Programs in Aquaculture written by Trygve Gjedrem and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-04-13 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although aquaculture as a biological production system has a long history, systematic and efficient breeding programs to improve economically important traits in the farmed species have rarely been utilized until recently, except for salmonid species. This means that the majority of aquaculture production (more than 90 %) is based on genetically unimproved stocks. In farm animals the situation is vastly different: practically no terrestrial farm production is based on genetically unimproved and undomesticated populations. This difference between aquaculture and livestock production is in spite of the fact that the basic elements of breeding theory are the same for fish and shellfish as for farm animals. One possible reason for the difference is the complexity of reproductive biology in aquatic species, and special consideration needs to be taken in the design of breeding plans for these species. Since 1971 AKVAFORSK, has continuously carried out large scale breeding research projects with salmonid species, and during the latest 15 years also with a number of fresh water and marine species. Results from this work and the results from other institutions around the world have brought forward considerable knowledge, which make the development of efficient breeding programs feasible. The genetic improvement obtained in selection programs for fish and shellfish is remarkable and much higher than what has been achieved in terrestrial farm animals.

Download or read book Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout written by Bror Jonsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and genetics. Here, the authors present the population ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and how it is influenced by the environment in terms of growth, migration, spawning and recruitment. Salmonids appeared as freshwater fish some 50 million years ago. Atlantic salmon and brown trout evolved in the Atlantic basin, Atlantic salmon in North America and Europe, brown trout in Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. The species live in small streams as well as large rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans, with brown trout better adapted to small streams and less well adapted to feeding in the ocean than Atlantic salmon. Smolt and adult sizes and longevity are constrained by habitat conditions of populations spawning in small streams. Feeding, wintering and spawning opportunities influence migratory versus resident lifestyles, while the growth rate influences egg size and number, age at maturity, reproductive success and longevity. Further, early experiences influence later performance. For instance, juvenile behaviour influences adult homing, competition for spawning habitat, partner finding and predator avoidance. The abundance of wild Atlantic salmon populations has declined in recent years; climate change and escaped farmed salmon are major threats. The climate influences through changes in temperature and flow, while escaped farmed salmon do so through ecological competition, interbreeding and the spreading of contagious diseases. The authors pinpoint essential problems and offer suggestions as to how they can be reduced. In this context, population enhancement, habitat restoration and management are also discussed. The text closes with a presentation of what the authors view as major scientific challenges in ecological research on these species.

Download or read book Ecological and Genetic Implications of Aquaculture Activities written by Theresa M. Bert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-30 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, numerous prominent aquaculture researchers contribute 27 chapters that provide overviews of aquaculture effects on the environment. They comprise a comprehensive synthesis of many ecological and genetic problems implicated in the practice of aquaculture and of many proven, attempted, or postulated solutions to those problems. This is an outstanding source of reference for all types of aquaculture activities.

Download or read book Atlantic Salmon in Maine written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-07 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the pervasive and substantial decline of Atlantic salmon populations in Maine over the past 150 years, and because they are close to extinction, a comprehensive statewide action should be taken now to ensure their survival. The populations of Atlantic salmon have declined drastically, from an estimated half million adult salmon returning to U.S. rivers each year in the early 1800s to perhaps as few as 1,000 in 2001. The report recommends implementing a formalized decision-making approach to establish priorities, evaluate options and coordinate plans for conserving and restoring the salmon.

Download or read book Genetic Conservation of Salmonid Fishes written by Joseph G. Cloud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the human population increases and nations become more industrialized, the habitat and water quality required for the survival of fish continues to decline. In addition to these environmental factors, fish populations are directly or potentially affected by harvesting, enhancement programs and introgression with hatchery-propagated or transgenic fish. To our knowledge no other scientific meeting has been assembled to consider the breadth of the problem, to review the technology that is presently available for the preservation of the germ plasm of salmonid stocks and to identify the scientific advances that are required to overcome the problems. Because many salmonids have spawning grounds within the confines of a specific region or county but will spend a large portion of their life cycle within the territorial waters of other countries or in the open ocean, the preservation of unique genes or gene pools in these animals requires international cooperation. This scientific meeting has provided a forum in which to discuss the problems, evaluate the present methods or technology for addressing the problems and suggest new directions or innovations that need to be implemented. During this meeting we limited our discussion to salmonid fishes. However, the general conclusions about the factors that affect the population dynamics of fish stocks and the technical aspects concerning the preservation of germ plasm will be applicable to other fish species.

Download or read book Population Genetics and Fishery Management written by Nils Ryman and published by . This book was released on 2009-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first publication of "Population Genetics and Fishery Management" in 1987, significant technological, analytical, and conceptual changes have occurred. By explaining basic population genetics in a fisheries context, the text continues to serve as an excellent starting point for approaching complex recent developments.

Download or read book Morphological Variation and Genetic Differentiation in Wild and Domestic Atlantic Salmon from Southern Newfoundland written by Benjamin Perriman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adaptive divergence is an important force structuring wild populations and directly influencing species persistence and stability. Wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) have declined across their native range in recent decades with genetic interactions with salmon aquaculture identified as a contributing cause. Improved understanding the nature of diversity in wild populations and the potential impact of interbreeding with domestic escapees is critical to conservation and management of wild Atlantic Salmon. Body shape of juvenile Atlantic Salmon in the wild may be considered adaptive and is often found to be associated with environmental and watershed conditions, or even with culture conditions in the case of domestic conspecifics. In this thesis I quantify the importance of body shape on population structuring in the wild, and then explore the impact of wilddomestic hybridization on shape of juvenile Atlantic Salmon. Geometric morphometrics were used to quantify and allow for statistical testing of variation in body shape. Geometric morphometric data were first combined with a large panel of sequenced microsatellite loci to understand the relationship between shape and population structure; and second used in conjunction with a SNP panel designed for wild-domestic hybrid identification to explore shape differences among cross types. My results suggest that variation in body shape is important to the structuring of wild populations, but that variation in climate was also significant in genetic structuring. Interestingly, shape differences between wild, domestic, and hybrids were minimal, likely reflecting both selection and phenotypic plasticity in the wild. My results suggest that phenotypic variation in body shape may be an important component of adaptive diversity among Atlantic Salmon populations, and that changes in body shape in the wild due to interbreeding with escaped farmed salmon may be minimal and masked by plasticity.

Download or read book Potential Genetic Interaction Between Wild and Farm Salmon of the Same Species written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An issue of concern to all stakeholders interested in wild fish populations is whether the incursion of farmed fish into a wild stock will threaten the viability of the wild stock or cause a loss of genetic diversity. This paper covers the genetic aspects of this question, which is limited to the interaction between wild & farmed fish of the same species. It begins with theoretical background on issues relevant to the interaction between wild & farmed salmon, including fitness, genetic variance, and natural selection. It then discusses the expected fitness of small & large wild salmon stocks and how the fitness of a farm stock changes in a selective breeding program. Finally, it sets out the expected genetic impact of escaped farmed fish on wild stocks and outlines the best way to maintain a healthy wild stock.